Contents

Indus Kohistani

Kohistani (Indus Kohistani)
Kostaie
کوستَیں Kōstaiñ
Region	Indus Kohistan (Upper Kohistan, Lower Kohistan, Kolai-Palas districts as well as Tangir and Darel valleys)[1]
Ethnicity	Indus Kohistanis
Native speakers	(200,000 cited 1992)[2]
Language family	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Eastern Dardic Kohistani Kohistani (Indus Kohistani)
Writing system	Perso-Arabic script (Nastaliq)
Language codes
ISO 639-3	mvy
Glottolog	indu1241
Kohistani is a minor language of Pakistan which is mainly spoken in the Kohistan region, it is given a space in this map.

Indus Kohistani or simply Kohistani (کوستَیں ژباں, Kōstaiñ) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the former Kohistan DistrictofPakistan.^[3] The language was referred to as Maiyã (Mayon) or Shuthun by early researchers, but subsequent observations have not verified that these names are known locally.^[4]

The phonology of Indus Kohistani varies between its major dialects as shown below.^[5]

In the Kanyawali dialect, the back vowels /u/ and /o/ are described as variants of each other, as are the front vowels /i/ and /e/.

The consonant inventory of Indus Kohistani is shown in the chart below. (Consonants particular to the Kanyawali Dialect of Tangir and those found only in the Kohistan Dialects are color-coded respectively.)

The phonemes /x/, /ɣ/, and /q/ are mainly found in loan words. The status of /q/ in the Kanyawali Dialect is unclear. The sounds /f, v/ can also be bilabial [ɸ, β].^[6]

• Kohistan District, Pakistan
• Kohistani people
• Shina Kohistani
• Hazarewal

1. ^ Frembgen, Jurgen Wasin (1999). "Indus Kohistan An Historical and Ethnographie Outline". Central Asiatic Journal. 43 (1): 71. JSTOR 41928174.

^ Kohistani (Indus Kohistani)atEthnologue (25th ed., 2022)

• Edelman, D. I. (1983). The Dardic and Nuristani Languages. Moscow: (Institut vostokovedenii︠a︡ (Akademii︠a︡ nauk SSSR).
• Zoller, Claus Peter (2005). A grammar and dictionary of Indus Kohistani. Vol. 1: Dictionary. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-017947-7.