Jump to content
 







Main menu
   


Navigation  



Main page
Contents
Current events
Random article
About Wikipedia
Contact us
Donate
 




Contribute  



Help
Learn to edit
Community portal
Recent changes
Upload file
 








Search  

































Create account

Log in
 









Create account
 Log in
 




Pages for logged out editors learn more  



Contributions
Talk
 



















Contents

   



(Top)
 


1 Growth  





2 Uses  





3 Conservation  





4 History  





5 Gallery  





6 See also  





7 References  





8 Further reading  





9 External links  














Jubaea






العربية
Aragonés
Hrvatski
Magyar
Polski
Türkçe
Українська
 

Edit links
 









Article
Talk
 

















Read
Edit
View history
 








Tools
   


Actions  



Read
Edit
View history
 




General  



What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Cite this page
Get shortened URL
Download QR code
Wikidata item
 




Print/export  



Download as PDF
Printable version
 




In other projects  



Wikimedia Commons
Wikispecies
 
















Appearance
   

 






From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 


Chilean wine palm

Conservation status


Endangered  (IUCN 3.1)[1]

Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Arecales
Family: Arecaceae
Subfamily: Arecoideae
Tribe: Cocoseae
Genus: Jubaea
Kunth
Species:
J. chilensis
Binomial name
Jubaea chilensis

(Molina) Baill.

Synonyms[2]
  • Cocos chilensis (Molina) Molina
  • Jubaea spectabilis Kunth
  • Micrococos chilensis (Molina) Phil.
  • Molinaea micrococos Bertero

Jubaea is a genus of palms with one species, Jubaea chilensis, commonly known in English as the Chilean wine palmorChile cocopalm, and palma chilena[3] in Spanish. It is native to southwestern South America and is endemic to a small area of central Chile between 32°S and 35°S in southern Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Santiago, O'Higgins, and northern Maule regions.

The extinct palm tree of Easter Island belonged to this genus as well. In 1991, the Easter Island palm was placed in its own genus, Paschalococos.[4] However, this has not been widely accepted.

Growth

[edit]

In its area of natural distribution, young Jubaea's tend to grow near adult specimens, preferring also sunny and vegetated sites.[5]

The thickest well-documented Jubaea was on the estate of J. Harrison Wright in Riverside, California. Its diameter "at shoulder height" was 66 inches (1.7 m).[6] The largest of several specimens at the Adelaide (South Australia) Botanic Garden in 1889 was stated to be 6 feet (1.8 m) thick at the base.[7] A hollow (but living) Jubaea in the Ocoa Valley near La Campana National Park, Chile, is 6 to 7 feet (1.8 to 2.1 m) thick at its base, with no apparent taper in the lower trunk.[8] The largest individual specimen of indoor plant in the world was the Jubaea chilensisatKew Gardens, which was cut off by staff in 2014 because it grew to the top of its greenhouse.[9] Of the more than 2,600 known species of palms, Jubaea chilensis is the second most massive, exceeded only by the floodplain or river bottom variety of Borassus aethiopum.[10]

Uses

[edit]

The leaves can be used to weave baskets, and it has edible seeds, widely eaten and known as Coquito nuts. The sap can be used to make palm wine and palm syrup, although unlike other palms which can be tapped, the whole tree has to be felled; this is now restricted by legal protection.[11]

Conservation

[edit]

The species is partially protected within Chile, although pressures of human population growth and expansion of grazing areas have reduced the population of the Chilean wine palm in recent centuries.[12] The collection of its seed and their predation by common degu may also have a negative impact for the growth of new generations of Jubea.[5] The IUCN Red List considers the palm Endangered.

A recent study concluded that predation of the fruits by humans, the seeds by the exotic rat (Rattus rattus) and the young seedlings by exotic rabbits is leading to seed dispersal collapse of this species, leaving it at risk of extinction in its natural habitat.[13]

History

[edit]

Charles Darwin examined these trees on visiting Chile in 1832 on the second voyage of HMS Beagle and noted:

These palms are, for their family, ugly trees. Their trunk is very large, and of a curious form, being thicker in the middle than at the base or top.[11]

— Charles Darwin

In 1843, a specimen was grown from seed at Kew Gardens, London, England, and was moved into the Temperate House in 1863, eventually growing to 19 metres (62 ft). It was believed to be the world's tallest indoor plant, until it had to be felled in 2013 because it had outgrown the space available and could not be moved. It has been replaced by seedlings from the original tree.[14]

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Chaparro, C.B. (2021). "Jubaea chilensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T38586A2880356. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T38586A2880356.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  • ^ "Jubaea chilensis (Molina) Baill". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2019-06-25.
  • ^ "Ficha de Antecedentes de Especie: Jubaea chilensis (Molina) Baill" (PDF) (in Spanish). Gobierno de Chile. Retrieved 2021-04-06.
  • ^ Zizka, Georg (1991). "Flowering Plants of Easter Island". pp. 64–65. Retrieved 2023-07-30.
  • ^ a b Miranda, Alejandro; Hernández, H. Jaime; Bustamante, Ramiro; Díaz, E. Matías; González, L. Alberto; Altamirano, Adison (2016). "Regeneración natural y patrones de distribución espacial de la palma chilena Jubaea chilensis (Molina) Baillon en los bosques mediterráneos de Chile central" [Natural regeneration and spatial distribution patterns of Chilean palm Jubaea chilensis (Molina) Baillon in Mediterranean forests of Central Chile]. Gayana. Botánica (in Spanish). 73 (1): 54–63. doi:10.4067/S0717-66432016000100007.
  • ^ Principes Vol. 1 # 2 (January 1957) p. 57.
  • ^ James H. Veitch, Gardener's Chronicle, Vol. 6 (third series) (October 5, 1889) p. 384.
  • ^ Chris Caradine, "A Day in Ocoa", THE PALM JOURNAL, # 143 (November 1998) p. 20 with photo.
  • ^ "Growingontheedge.net – View topic – Jubaea chilensis". Growingontheedge.net.
  • ^ Dr. Al C. Carder, GIANT TREES OF WESTERN AMERICA AND THE WORLD, (Madeira Park, British Columbia, Canada: Harbour Publishing, 2005) p. 130.
  • ^ a b "Jubaea chilensis – Chilean wine palm". www.kew.org. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
  • ^ C. Michael Hogan. 2008
  • ^ Cordero, Sebastián; Gálvez, Francisca; Fontúrbel, Francisco E. (2021). "Multiple Anthropogenic Pressures Lead to Seed Dispersal Collapse of the Southernmost Palm Jubaea chilensis". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 9. doi:10.3389/fevo.2021.719566. ISSN 2296-701X.
  • ^ Otway, Beth (10 May 2018). "Scott Taylor, Temperate House Supervisor". www.pumpkinbeth.com. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
  • Further reading

    [edit]
    [edit]
    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jubaea&oldid=1213234026"

    Categories: 
    IUCN Red List endangered species
    Cocoseae
    Monotypic Arecaceae genera
    Flora of central Chile
    Trees of Chile
    Flora of the Chilean Matorral
    Trees of Mediterranean climate
    Vulnerable flora of South America
    Garden plants of South America
    Ornamental trees
    Drought-tolerant trees
    Taxa named by Henri Ernest Baillon
    Taxa named by Juan Ignacio Molina
    Hidden categories: 
    CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)
    Articles with short description
    Short description is different from Wikidata
    Articles with 'species' microformats
    Commons category link is on Wikidata
    Taxonbars with multiple manual Wikidata items
    Taxonbars with 2529 taxon IDs
    Articles with J9U identifiers
     



    This page was last edited on 11 March 2024, at 20:39 (UTC).

    Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.



    Privacy policy

    About Wikipedia

    Disclaimers

    Contact Wikipedia

    Code of Conduct

    Developers

    Statistics

    Cookie statement

    Mobile view



    Wikimedia Foundation
    Powered by MediaWiki