Contents

List of newspapers in New York (state)

Daily newspapers[edit]

• Adirondack Daily Enterprise – Saranac Lake
• AM New York – New York City
• The Buffalo News – Buffalo
• The Citizen – Auburn
• Columbia Daily Spectator – New York City
• The Cornell Daily Sun – Ithaca
• Daily Freeman – Kingston
• The Daily Gazette – Schenectady
• Daily Messenger – Canandaigua
• The Daily News – Batavia
• The Daily Orange – Syracuse
• The Daily Star – Oneonta
• Democrat and Chronicle – Rochester
• The Epoch Times – New York City
• The Evening Tribune – Hornell
• Finger Lakes Times – Geneva
• The Ithaca Journal – Ithaca
• The Journal News – White Plains
• The Leader – Corning
• The Leader-Herald – Gloversville
• Lockport Union-Sun & Journal – Lockport
• New York Daily News – New York City
• New York Law Journal – New York State
• New York Post – New York City
• The New York Times – New York City
• Newsday – Melville
• Niagara Gazette – Niagara Falls
• Observer – Dunkirk
• Observer-Dispatch – Utica
• Olean Times Herald – Olean
• Open Air PM – New York City
• The Post-Journal – Jamestown
• The Post-Standard – Syracuse
• The Post-Star – Glens Falls
• Poughkeepsie Journal – Poughkeepsie
• Press & Sun Bulletin – Binghamton
• Press-Republican – Plattsburgh
• The Record – Troy
• The Register Star – Hudson
• Salamanca Press – Salamanca
• The Saratogian – Saratoga Springs
• Star-Gazette – Elmira
• Staten Island Advance – Staten Island
• Times Herald-Record – Middletown
• The Times Telegram – Herkimer
• Times Union – Albany
• The Wall Street Journal – New York City
• The Palladium Times - Oswego
• Watertown Daily Times – Watertown
• Wellsville Daily Reporter – Wellsville

Weekly and other newspapers[edit]

• Akhon Samoy – New York City
• Alden Advertiser – Alden
• Al-Hoda – New York City
• Algemeiner Journal – New York City
• The Altamont Enterprise – Altamont
• Amherst Bee – Williamsville
• Am-Pol Eagle – Buffalo
• Amerikai Magyar Szo – New York City
• Arcade Herald – Arcade
• Armenian Reporter International – New York City
• Der Blatt – Brooklyn
• Bronx Times-Reporter – Bronx
• Brooklyn Eagle – Brooklyn
• The Brooklyn Rail – Brooklyn
• The Chief-Leader – New York City
• The Chronicle (Goshen and Chester) (Tuesdays & Fridays: twice-weekly)
• CityArts – New York City
• Dan's Papers - Eastern Long Island
• El Correo NY - New York City
• El Diario La Prensa – New York City
• Farmingdale Observer – Nassau County
• Filipino Reporter – New York City
• Garden City Life – Nassau County
• Glen Cove Record Pilot – Nassau County
• Great Neck Record – Nassau County
• Haïti Progrès – Brooklyn
• Hamburg Sun – Hamburg
• Hamodia – Brooklyn
• Hofstra Chronicle – Hempstead
• Irish Voice – New York City
• The Jewish Daily Forward – New York City
• Jewish Post of New York – New York City
• Jewish Press – Brooklyn
• The Jewish Star
• Journal of Commerce – New York City
• Legislative Gazette – Albany
• Levittown Tribune – Nassau County
• The Lake Placid News – Lake Placid
• Lewiston-Porter Sentinel – Niagara County, New York
• Long Island Business News – Long Island
• Long Island Exchange – Long Island
• Long Island Press – Long Island
• Long Islander News – Huntington
• Manhasset Press – Nassau County
• Massapequa Observer – Nassau County
• Mendon-Honeoye Falls-Lima Sentinel – Monroe County
• The Millerton News – Millerton
• Mineola American – Nassau County
• Nassau Herald – Cedarhurst, Lawrence, Inwood, Hewlett, Woodmere
• National Herald (ETHNIKOS KERYX) – New York City
• Noticia - Nassau & Suffolk Counties
• New Hyde Park Illustrated News – Nassau County
• New York Amsterdam News – New York City
• The New York Observer – New York City
• New York Press – New York City
• New York Sun – New York City
• New Yorker Staats-Zeitung – New York City
• Niagara Wheatfield Tribune – Niagara County
• North County News – Yorktown
• The North Shore Leader – Locust Valley, North Shore, Long Island
• Norwood News – Bronx
• Nowy Dziennik – New York City
• Outreach – New York City
• Oyster Bay Enterprise-Pilot – Nassau County
• Oyster Bay Guardian
• People's Weekly World – New York City
• Plainview-Old Bethpage Herald – Nassau County
• The Port Times Record – Port Jefferson, Belle Terre, Port Jefferson Station and Mount Sinai
• Port Washington News – Nassau County
• Queens Chronicle – Queens
• The Riverdale Press – New York City
• The Roslyn News – Nassau County
• The Southampton Press — Southampton
• The Sag Harbor Express — Sag Harbor
• Scarsdale Inquirer — Scarsdale
• Super Express USA – New York City
• Syosset-Jericho Tribune – Nassau County
• Tiesa – Middletown
• Times Journal of Cobleskill – Cobleskill
• The Times of Huntington-Northport – Northport, East Northport, Fort Salonga - West, Eaton's Neck, Asharoken, Centerport, Smithtown, Nesconset, Hauppauge, St. James, Nissequogue, Head of the Harbor, The Branch, San Remo, Kings Park, Fort Salonga - East, and Commack
• The Times of Middle Country – Selden, Centereach and Lake Grove
• The Times of Smithtown – Smithtown, Nesconset, Hauppauge, St. James, Nissequogue, Head of the Harbor, The Branch, San Remo, Kings Park, Fort Salonga, and Commack
• Vaba Eesti Sona – New York City
• The Village Beacon Record – Miller Place, Sound Beach, Rocky Point, Shoreham and Wading River
• The Village Times Herald – Setauket, East Setauket, Stony Brook, Old Field, South Setauket, Poquott and Strong's Neck
• Village Voice – New York City
• The Villager – New York City
• Wantagh Herald Citizen
• Warwick Advertiser – Warwick, New York
• Warwick Valley Dispatch – Warwick, New York
• Washington Square News – New York City
• Watkins Glen Review & Express – Watkins Glen
• The Westbury Times – Nassau County
• Westfield Republican – Westfield
• Yated Ne'eman – Monsey
• Der Yid – Brooklyn
• The Oswegonian - Oswego

Defunct[edit]

Albany[edit]

Newspapers published in Albany, New York:

• The Albany centinel. s.w., July 4, 1797–December 30, 1800+^[1]
• Albany chronicle. w., September 12, 1796–August 21, 1797.^[1]
• Albany chronicle, or, Journal of the times. w., August 28, 1797–April 9, 1798.^[1]
• The Albany gazette.w., November 25, 1771–August 3, 1772.^[1]
• The Albany gazette. w., s.w., May 28, 1784–December 25, 1800+^[1]
• Albany journal, or, The Montgomery, Washington and Columbia intelligencer. s.w., w., January 26, 1788–May 11, 1789.^[1]
• The Albany register. w., s.w., October 13, 1788–December 26, 1800+^[1]
• The New-York gazetteer, or, Northern intelligencer. w., June 3 (?), 1782–May 1, 1784.^[1]
• The Knickerbocker News

Arkville[edit]

Newspapers published in Arkville, New York:

• Catskill Mountain News (1863–2020)

Ballston Spa[edit]

Newspapers published in Ballston Spa, New York:

• Saratoga register, or, Farmer's journal. w., July 1798(?)–1800(?)^[1]

Bath[edit]

Newspapers published in Bath, New York:

• The Bath gazette, and Genesee advertiser. w., December 21, 1796–April 12, 1798.^[1]

Brooklyn[edit]

Newspapers published in Brooklyn, New York:

• Brooklyn Citizen (1887–1947)^[2]
• Brooklyn Daily^[3]
• Brooklyn Eagle (1841–1955)
• The Brooklyn Evening Star was being published in 1858.
• Brooklyn Weekly^[4]
• The Courier, and Long Island advertiser. w., June 26(?)–July 25, 1799.^[1]
• The Courier, and New-York and Long Island advertiser. w., August 1, 1799–June 26, 1800.^[1]
• The Long Island courier. w., July 3–December 31, 1800+^[1]

Buffalo[edit]

Newspapers published in Buffalo, New York:

• The Buffalo Beast, alternative weekly published in print 2002-2009 and online until 2013.
• The Buffalo Commercial was published 1842-1924.
• The Buffalo Courier-Express was established in 1926 and folded on September 19, 1982.^[5]
• The Buffalo Daily Republic was published 1847-1886.
• Buffalo Enquirer^[6]
• Dziennik Dla Wszystkich (1907–1957)^[7]
• Timeline of Selected Newspapers Published in Buffalo, 1818 to the present
• BuffaloResearch.com has links to all known online and offline newspapers from Buffalo, NY.

Canisteo[edit]

Newspapers published in Canisteo:

• Canisteo Times, ceased in 1950s.

Catskill[edit]

Newspapers published in Catskill, New York:

• Catskill Packet. w., August 6, 1792–August 2, 1794^[1]

Cazenovia[edit]

Newspapers published in Cazenovia, New York

• Cazenovia Republican was being published in 1850.
• Madison County Gazette, also published in 1850, also favored Whig party.

Cooperstown[edit]

Newspapers published in Cooperstown, New York:

• The Otsego herald, or, Western advertiser. w., April 3, 1795–December 25, 1800+^[1]

Elmira[edit]

Newspapers published in Elmira, New York:

• Elmira Evening News (1894–1907)^[8]
• Elmira Gazette and Free Press (1885–1907)^[9]
• Elmira Star-Gazette (1907–1963)^[10]
• Elmira Telegram (1888-192?)^[11]

Fishkill[edit]

Newspapers published in Fishkill, New York:

• The New-York packet, and the American advertiser. w., January 16, 1777–August 28, 1783.^[1]

Freeport[edit]

Newspapers published in Freeport, New York:

• Nassau Daily Review-Star^[12][13]

Hudson[edit]

Newspapers published in Hudson, New York:

• The Hudson weekly gazette. w., April 7, 1785–December 27, 1791.^[1]

Kingston[edit]

Newspapers published in Kingston, New York:

• The Farmer's register. w., September 29, 1792–September 21, 1793.^[1]
• The New-York journal, and the general advertiser. w., July 7–October 13, 1777.^[1]
• Rising sun. w., September 28, 1793–April 28, 1798.^[1]
• Ulster County gazette. w., May 5, 1798–December 27, 1800+^[1]

Lansingburgh[edit]

Newspapers published in Lansingburgh, New York:

• American spy. w., April 8, 1791–February 27, 1798.^[1]
• Tiffany's recorder. w., June (?), 1793–December 2, 1794.^[1]

Medina[edit]

Newspapers published in Medina, New York:

• The Journal-Register – Medina (1821–2014)

Monroe County[edit]

Newspapers published in Monroe County, New York:

• The North Star, Rochester (1847–1851)

Newburgh[edit]

Newspapers published in Newburgh, New York:

• The Evening News (1961–1990)^[14]

New York[edit]

Newspapers published in New York, New York:

• American citizen and general advertiser. d., March 10–December 31, 1800+^[1]
• American Minerva; an evening advertiser. d., May 6, 1795–April 30, 1796.^[1]
• American Minerva, and the New-York (evening) advertiser. d., March 20, 1794–May 5, 1795. 1800+^[1]
• The American Minerva, patroness of peace, commerce, and the liberal arts. d., December 9, 1793–March 18, 1794.^[1]
• American Minerva, patroness of peace, commerce, and the liberal arts and the New-York (evening) advertiser. d., March 19, 1794.^[1]
• The American price-current. w., May 1–August 7, 1786.^[1]
• The Argus & Greenleaf's new daily advertiser. d., May 11–15, 1795.^[1]
• The Argus, or, Greenleaf's new daily advertiser. d., May 16, 1795–August 2, 1796.^[1]
• Columbian gazette. w., April 6–June 22, 1799.^[1]
• Columbian gazetteer. s.w., August 22, 1793–November 13, 1794.^[1]
• Commercial Advertiser. d., October 2, 1797–December 31, 1800+^[1]
• The Constitutional gazette. s.w., August 2, 1775–August 28, 1776.^[1]
• The Daily advertiser. d., October 17, 1787–December 30, 1800+^[1]
• The Daily advertiser, political, commercial, and historical. d., September 20–October 21, 1785.^[1]
• The Daily advertiser, political, historical, and commercial. d., October 22, 1785–October 16, 1787.^[1]
• Daily Graphic (1873–1889)
• The Diary. d., February 1, 1796–March 18, 1797.^[1]
• Diary and mercantile advertiser. d., March 20, 1797–September 13 (?), 1798.^[1]
• The Diary, & universal advertiser. d., May 1795–January 31, 1796.^[1]
• The Diary, & universal daily advertiser. d., February (?)–May 1795.^[1]
• The Diary, or, Evening register. d., January 1, 1794–February (?), 1795.^[1]
• The Diary, or, Loudon's register. d., February 15, 1792–December 31, 1793.^[1]
• Forlorn hope. w., March 24–September 13, 1800.^[1]
• Freie Arbeiter Stimme
• Gazette Francaise. t.w., March 4, 1796–October 4, 1799.^[1]
• Gazette Francaise et Americaine. t.w., July 6, 1795–March 2, 1796.^[1][15]
• Gazette of the United States. s.w., April 15, 1789–October 13, 1790.^[1]
• Greenleaf's new daily advertiser. d., August 3, 1796–March 8, 1800.^[1]
• Greenleaf's New York journal, & patriotic register. s.w., January 1, 1794–March 8, 1800.^[1]
• The Herald; a gazette for the country. s.w., June 4, 1794–September 30, 1797.^[1]
• The Impartial gazetteer, and Saturday evening's post. w., May 17–September 13, 1788.^[1]
• The Independent gazette, or, The New-York journal revived.w., s.w., December 13, 1783–March 11, 1784.^[1]
• The Independent journal, or, The General advertiser. w., s.w., November 17, 1783–December 24, 1788.^[1]
• The Independent New-York gazette. w., November 22–December 6, 1783.^[1]
• Independent reflector. w., November 30, 1752–November 22, 1753.^[1]
• Il Progresso Italo-Americano (1880–1988)
• Long Island Press (Jamaica, New York) (1921–1977)^[16]
• Loudon's New-York packet. s.w., November 11, 1784–May 13 (?), 1785.^[1]
• The Merchant's Ledger ?-1851
• Mercantile advertiser. d., November 1798–December 31, 1800+^[1]
• Metro, May 5, 2004-January 6, 2020^[1]
• The Minerva, & mercantile evening advertiser. d., May 2, 1796–September 30, 1797.^[1]
• The Morning post, and daily advertiser. d., October 6, 1788–January 2, 1792.^[1]
• Mott and Hurtin's New-York weekly chronicle. w., January 1–April 16, 1795.^[1]
• National Guardian/The Guardian (1948–1992)
• The National Sports Daily
• Negro World
• New-York chronicle. w., s.w., May 8, 1769–January 4, 1770.^[1]
• New York Age
• New York Courier and Enquirer (1834, New York City)^[17]
• The New-York daily advertiser. d., March 1–September 19, 1785.^[1]
• New York Daily Column (New York City, late 1960s) ^{[citation needed]}
• New-York daily gazette.d, December 29, 1788–April 26(?), 1795.^[1]
• New York Evening Journal (1896–1937)
• The New-York evening-post. w., November 26, 1744–December 18, 1752.^[1]
• New-York evening post. t.w., November 17, 1794–May 25, 1795.^[1]
• The New-York Gazette. w., November 8, 1725–November 19, 1744.^[1]
• The New-York gazette. w., August 13, 1759–December 28, 1767.^[1]
• The New-York gazette and general advertiser. d., April 27, 1795–December 26, 1800+^[1]
• The New-York gazette: and the weekly mercury. w., February 1, 1768–November 10 (?), 1783.^[1]
• The New York gazette; and the weekly mercury. w., February 1, 1768–September 27, 1773.^[1]
• The New-York gazette, or, The Weekly post-boy. w., January 1, 1753–March 12, 1759.^[1]
• The New-York gazette, or, The Weekly post-boy. w., May 6, 1762–October 9, 1766.^[1]
• The New-York gazette, or, The Weekly post-boy. w., October 16, 1766–August or September 1773.^[1]

• The New-York gazette, revived in the weekly post boy. w., January 19, 1747–December 25, 1752.^[1]
• The New-York gazetteer; and, public advertiser. s.w., December 18, 1786–August 16, 1787.^[1]
• The New-York gazetteer, and the country journal. w., t.w., s.w., December 3, 1783–August 11, 1786.^[1]
• New York Herald (1835-1924)
• New York Herald Tribune (1924–1966)^[18]
• New York Journal American (1937–1966)^[19]
• The New-York journal and daily patriotic register. d., November 19, 1787–July 26, 1788.^[1]
• The New-York journal, & patriotic register. s.w., May 4, 1790–December 28, 1793.^[1]
• The New-York journal, and State gazette. w., Mar 18, 1784–February 10, 1785.^[1]
• New-York journal, and weekly register. w., January 18–November 15, 1787.^[1]
• The New-York journal, and the general advertiser. w., February 17–June 16, 1785.^[1]
• The New-York journal and weekly register. w., July 31, 1788–April 26, 1790.^[1]
• The New-York journal, or, General advertiser. w., October 16, 1766–March 12, 1767.^[1]
• The New-York journal, or, The General advertiser. w., March 19, 1767–August 29, 1776.^[1]
• The New-York journal, or, The Weekly register. w., June 23, 1785–January 11, 1787.^[1]
• New York Ledger (1851–1903)
• The New-York mercury. w., August 3(?), 1752–January 25, 1768.^[1]
• The New-York mercury, or, General advertiser. w., September 3, 1779–August 15, 1783.^[1]
• New York Daily Mirror (1924-1963)^[20]
• New York Morning News (1844–46) ^{[citation needed]}
• The New-York morning post. s.w., April 1783–February 1785.^[1]
• The New-York morning post, and daily advertiser. d., February 23, 1785–October 5, 1788.^[1]
• New York Morning Telegraph (merged with Daily Racing Form)
• New York National Democrat (1850s) ^{[citation needed]}
• The New-York packet. s.w., t.w., w., May 16, 1785–January 26, 1792.^[1]
• The New York packet. And the American advertiser. w., January 4, 1776–August 29, 1776; November 13, 1783–November 8, 1784.^[1]
• The New-York price-current. w., August 14 (?), 1786–(?).^[1]
• New-York price-current. w., May 25, 1799–December 27, 1800+^[1]
• New-York prices current. w., 1796–June 1797.^[1]
• New York Star^{[citation needed]}
• The New York Sun (2002–2008)^[21]
• New York Sunday News (1866-19??)
• New-York Tribune, 1841-1929^[22]
• The New-York weekly chronicle. w., April 23–October 1, 1795.^[1]

• The New York Weekly Journal. w., November 5, 1733–March 18(?), 1751.^[1][24]
• The New-York weekly museum. w., September 20, 1788–May 7, 1791.^[1]
• The New-York weekly post-boy. w., January 3, 1743–January 12, 1747.^[1]
• New York World (1883–1931)^[25]
• New York World Journal Tribune (1966–1967)^[26]
• New York World-Telegram (1931–1966)^[27]
• Open Air PM (1990s)
• Oram's New-York price-current, and marine register. w., June 10, 1797–May 18, 1799.^[1]
• Parker's New-York gazette, or, The Weekly post-boy. w., March 19, 1759–April 29, 1762.^[1]
• PM (1940–1948)^[28]
• Porcupine's gazette. January 13, 1800.^[1]
• Prisoner of hope. w., s.w., May 3–August 23, 1800.^[1]
• Register of the times. w., June 3, 1796–June 27, 1798.^[1]
• Rivington's New-York gazette, and universal advertiser. s.w., November 22–December 31, 1783.^[1]
• Rivington's New-York gazette, or, The Connecticut, Hudson's River, New-Jersey, and Quebec weekly advertiser. October 4–October 11, 1777.^[1]
• Rivington's New-York gazetteer, or, The Connecticut, Hudson's River, New-Jersey, and Quebec weekly advertiser. w., December 16, 1773–November 23, 1775.^[1]
• Rivington's New-York gazetteer, or, The Connecticut, New-Jersey, Hudson's-River, and Quebec weekly advertiser. w., April 22–December 9, 1773.^[1]
• Rivington's New York loyal gazette. w., October 18–December 6, 1777.^[1]
• The Royal American gazette. w., s.w., January 16, 1777–July 31, 1783.^[1]
• The Royal gazette. w., s.w., December 13, 1777–November 19, 1783.^[1]
• The Spectator. s.w., October 4, 1797–December 31, 1800+^[1]
• The Sun (1833–1950)^[29]
• Temple of reason. w., November 8–December 31, 1800+^[1]
• The Time piece. t.w., September 15, 1797–August 30, 1798.^[1]
• The Time piece; and literary companion. t.w., March 13–September 13, 1797.^[1]
• Weekly Anglo-African (1861)^[30]
• Weekly museum. w., May 14, 1791–December 27, 1800+^[1]
• Weymans New-York gazette. w., February 16–August 6, 1759.^[1]
• The Youth's news paper. w., September 30–November 4, 1797.^[1]
• Ye Olde Tri-Valley Townsman. w., May 1947–thru the present 2020.^[1]

North Tonawanda[edit]

• Tonawanda News, 1880-2015

Poughkeepsie[edit]

Newspapers published in Poughkeepsie, New York:

• American farmer, and Dutchess County advertiser. w., June 8, 1798–July 22, 1800.^[1]
• The Country journal, and the Poughkeepsie advertiser. w., August 11, 1785–September 23, 1788.^[1]
• The New-York journal, and the general advertiser. w., May 11, 1778–January 6, 1782.^[1]
• The Poughkeepsie journal. w., July 14, 1789–December 30, 1800+^[1]

Rochester[edit]

Newspapers published in Rochester, New York

• Frederick Douglass's Paper, later Douglass's Monthly
• The North Star, 1847–1851
• Rochester Daily American ^{[citation needed]}

Salem[edit]

Newspapers published in Salem, New York:

• Northern centinel. w., January 1, 1798–January 21, 1800+^[1]
• Washington patrol. w., May 27–November 18, 1795.^[1]

Schenectady[edit]

Newspapers published in Schenectady, New York:

• Mohawk Mercury, December 15, 1794–March 13, 1798.^[1]
• Schenectady Reflector, 1841–1859 (available at NYS Historic Newspapers).

Syracuse[edit]

Newspapers published in Syracuse, New York:

• Onondaga Gazette. April 2, 1823-1829.^[31]
• Syracuse Telegram and Courier. 1856-1905.^[32]
• Syracuse Telegram. September 22, 1922-November 24, 1925.^[33]
• Syracuse Herald-Journal. November 24, 1925-September 29, 2001.^[34]
• Syracuse New Times. 1969-June 26, 2019.^[35]

Troy[edit]

Newspapers published in Troy, New York:

• The National Watchman, an anti-slavery newspaper edited by William G. Allen, was published from 1844–1847. No copies are known to exist.
• Northern budget. w., May 15, 1798–December 31, 1800+^[1]
• The Recorder. w., May 5–December 8, 1795.^[1]
• Troy News ^{[citation needed]}

Utica[edit]

Newspapers published in Utica, New York:

• Utica Saturday Globe (1881–1924)^[36]

Westchester County[edit]

Newspapers published in Westchester County, New York:

• Bronxville Press (1925–1937)^[37]
• Citizen Sentinel (1919–32)^[38]

Yonkers[edit]

Newspapers published in Yonkers, New York:

• Yonkers Herald (1892-1932)

See also[edit]

• New York City media
• List of radio stations in New York
• List of television stations in New York
• List of African-American newspapers in New York

Adjoining states

• List of newspapers in Connecticut
• List of newspapers in Massachusetts
• List of newspapers in New Jersey
• List of newspapers in Pennsylvania
• List of newspapers in Vermont

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Newspapers of New York.

• Van Ness Ingram, John (1912). A Check List of American Eighteenth Century Newspapers in the Library of Congress. U.S. Government Printing Office. Retrieved 2010-10-21.
• Weiss, Harry B. A Graphic Summary of the Growth of Newspapers in New York and Other States, 1704–1810. New York: New York Public Library, 1948
• Brigham, Clarence S. "Bibliography of American Newspapers, 1690–1820 Part VII: New York (A–L)." Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society 27(1): 177–274. 1917
• Brigham, Clarence S. "Bibliography of American Newspapers, 1690–1820 Part IX: New York (M–W). Excepting New York City" Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society 28(1): 63–133. 1918