Lowell Fitz Randolph
| |
|---|---|
Botanist Lowell Fitz Randolph and Fannie (his wife) in the 1920s
| |
| Born | 7 October 1894
Alfred, New York, US
|
| Died | 28 May 1980
Ithaca, Tompkins County, New York State
|
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | Alfred University Cornell University |
| Known for | genetics of plants, (Chromosomes) |
| Awards | Vaughn Award for outstanding contributions to horticulture from the American Society for Horticultural Science (1944), Distinguished Service Medal from the American Iris Society (1951), Sir Michael Foster Plaque of the British Iris Society (1955), a citation for distinguished contributions to horticulture from the American Horticultural Society (1962), Bronze medal from the Internationale Gartenbauaustellung show, Hamburg, West Germany (1963), Gold medal from the American Iris Society in 1970. |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Botany |
| Institutions | Office of Cereal Investigations, United States Department of Agriculture |
| Academic advisors | Rollins A. Emerson and Lester W. Sharp |
| Notable students | Barbara McClintock |
| Author abbrev. (botany) | Randolph |
Lowell Fitz Randolph (7 October 1894 – 28 May 1980) was an American scientist, in the field of genetics, botany and horticulture. He was a Cornell University graduate who became Professor of Botany and was also employed as an associate cytologist for the United States Department of Agriculture. He was also an avid iris collector and wrote a book on the Iris genus. He carried out research into plant chromosomes of iris, orchid genus and corn plants (such as maize). He was sometimes known as "Fitz" by his friends and associates.[citation needed]
Lowell Fitz Randolph, was born on 7 October 1894 in Alfred, New York. Lowell's family had over 200 years of history of being deeply involved in the Seventh Day Baptist Church community, and that Lowell and his sister Vida were the first to break with that community and strong tradition and follow independent, secular paths pursuing their passion for science.[1][2][failed verification]
In 1918, he then went to Cornell University to complete his Ph.D. and work as an assistant in botany under Rollins A. Emerson and Lester W. Sharp.[1] He then studied cytology with Lester in the Botany Department and minored in Plant Breeding with Emerson.[3][4]
In 1920, he attend the meetings of the American Association for the Advancement of ScienceinChicago, and presented a paper to the American Naturalist Division on 'A case of maternal inheritance in Maize: Cytological Relations'. He is a member of the Association and of the Botanical Society of America.[2]
In 1907, Herbert J. Webber started the Synapsis Club, a student/faculty organization at Cornell, Emerson continued the club and encouraged his students to become members, including Randolph.[5] He also became a member of the Gamma Alpha Graduate Scientific Fraternity and of the Cornell Biological Society.[2]
In 1921, he obtained his Ph.D. degree,[6] in the botany department.[4]
Randolph began working as a teaching assistant under Sharp in the winter term of 1922.[4] He also was an instructor in botany until 1923.[2][3]
In September 1924, Barbara McClintock (a 2nd year graduate),[4] started worked as a research assistant to Randolph, as well as a working as a teaching assistant to Sharp.[7]: 99 [8] They then started to apply the smear technique to pollen cells of corn and hypothesized the origin of polyploidy in Maize.[citation needed] Randolph and McClintock's study techniques were very different. Randolph was very careful, cautious and meticulous, where as McClintock liked to try out and modify new techniques.[7][failed verification] This resulted in friction between the two that would eventually result in the end of their working relationship.[9] Randolph ended their collaboration and McClintock began to work under Sharp, who gave her more freedom.[8] In 1926, he reported their findings at the 1926 International Botanical Congress at Cornell.[4]
In the early 1930s, 2 technical assistants to Randolph were paid by the USDA, to maintain the stock collecting of the maize fields and assist in hand pollination.[7]: 99 [failed verification] He and his students at Cornell started following up on the work on chromosome studies of garden irises by Marc Simonet at the Genetic Institute at Versailles, France in 1930s.[10]
But he stilled carried on his maize research, and in 1932, he published 'Some effects of high temperature on polyploidy and other variations in Maize', in Genetics Vol.18 on page 222–229.[7](page656) Then in 1936, he published 'Developmental morphology of the caryopsis in maize' in J. Agric. Res. Vol.53 (pages 881–916).[11]
Randolph and his wife Fannie made several trips to Europe collecting irises.[12] They travelled to England (between 1936 and 1939, also in 1950 and 1959), France (in 1950 and 1954), Denmark (in 1950), and Sweden (in 1950).[13] He also led expeditions in search of new forms of iris, including Iris pumila.[14][unreliable source?]
In a complaint letter to Marcus Morton Rhoades (Editor of Genetics journal) in 1942, he criticised Barbara McClintock's editing the work of a pupil of Randolph's. Calling her a prima donna, who wants to be the goddess of science and godmother to aspiring young scientists everywhere.[9]
After World War II, he began to study corn seed that had been exposed to atomic radiationatBikini Atoll, in the Pacific Ocean.[1] he then published the results in the Science Journal.[15][16]
He was appointed chairman of the Scientific Committee of the American Iris Society, between 1945,[17] and 1946. He started the counting of chromosomes of iris, growing seeds in vitro and classification of the genus.[14][unreliable source?]
He was still president of the Cornell University chapters of Phi Kappa Phi (between 1947 and 1948) and Sigma Xi (between 1953 and 1954).[1]
He also collected with Efraim Ildefonso Hernández-Xolocotzi Guzman (1913–1991) in Mexico for the Natural History Museum and Grey Herbarium.[18] Finding and publishing Tripsacum zopilotense Hernandez-Xolocotzi, E. & Randolph, L.F. in 1950, in Guerrero, Mexico.[19]
In 1954, he went to Europe and the Middle East on an iris hunting field trip, which included Switzerland, France, Italy, Yugoslavia, Germany, Austria, Cypress, Turkey, Lebanon, and Egypt.[13]
During 1956 and 1959, he was made Membership Chairman for American Iris Society (AIS).[20]
He then spent six months in 1957–58 at Aligarh Muslim UniversityinIndia with a Fulbright Award,[1] as a consultant on embryo culture.[21]
In 1959, he wrote and had published Garden Irises,[22] which has 575 pages.[23] Within the book, the chapter, 'Chromosomes of Garden varieties of Bearded Iris',(pages315-324) showed his academic interest.[24] He also re-organised the William Dykes classification of irises, by moving certain irises into different sections and subgenra. This classification is still used by the American Iris Society.[25]
He served as the vice president and then became the 9th,[14][unreliable source?] President of the American Iris Society from 1960 to 1962.[26][27] Randolph and his wife, kept an extensive collection of iris in his garden at their home in Ithaca, which attracted many visitors.[1]
He was not only interested in irises but also orchids, specifically the genus Dendrobium.[original research?] In 1960, T. Vajrabhaya and Randolph published 'Chromosome studies in Dendrobium' in Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. Vol.29 (pages 507–517).[28]
After nearly 40 years at Cornell, he retired in 1961, but started working part-time during the winters, at the Fairchild Tropical Garden,[13][29]inMiami, Florida as a research collaborator. Including work on Tripsacum grasses,[29] which he imported from Mexico and Guatemala.[30] He then spent his summers back home at Ithaca.[1] He also started working on the evolutionary history of maize.[1]
In 1966, Iris nelsonii was first published and described by Randolph in 'Baileya' (aQuarterly Journal of Horticultural Taxonomy of Ithaca, NY) 14: 150 in 1966.[31][32] The species was named after Ira S. "Ike" Nelson, professor of horticulture at the University of Louisiana, Lafayette, and one of the founders, and early show managers, of the Society for Louisiana Irises. Nelson collaborated with Randolph, and together they identified Iris nelsonii, and Randolph named it after Nelson.[33]
In 1967, Randolph, I.S. Nelson and R.L. Plaisted published 'Negative evidence of introgression affecting the stability of Louisiana Iris species' Cornell Univ Ag. Exp. Station Mem. Vol.398 (pages 1–56).[34] This paper reviewed the morphological and pollen fertility data collected for Iris fulva, Iris brevicaulis and Iris hexagona and other hybrid iris populations. He concluded that between the Louisiana iris species was localized hybridization.[35]
In 1976, he published 'Contributions of wild relatives of maize to the evolutionary history of domesticated maize: a synthesis of divergent hypotheses in Economic Botany, Vol.30 (pages321-345), which discounted the role of teosinte as an ancestor of maize.[36]
Lowell died in Ithaca in 1980.
He was award many honours including;
He married a fellow Cornell graduate student in botany, Fannie C. Rane in 1922. She got her MS degree in botany in 1923.
They settled in Ithaca, and brought up three children. Robert Fitz Randolph (later of Manlius[1]), on 20 December 1927,[37] Elizabeth Jane (Randolph) DeMott (later of Herndon, Virginia,[1]) and Rane Fitz Randolph.[1]
They also had nine grandchildren.[1]
His daughter, Elizabeth Jane DeMott died on 16 March 2009, after her brother Rane had died.[37][non-primary source needed]
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
|
| |
|---|---|
| Iris subgenera |
|
| Common names |
|
| Breeding and research |
|
| Products |
|
| Gardens and festivals |
|
| Organizations |
|
| Iris in art and culture |
|
| |
| International |
|
|---|---|
| National |
|
| Academics |
|
| Other |
|
