Contents

Milan Metro

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Rapid transit system serving Milan, Italy

Milan Metro
Line M3 at Lodi TIBB
Overview
Native name	Metropolitana di Milano
Locale	Milan, Lombardy, Italy
Transit type	Rapid transit
Number of lines	5
Number of stations	113
Daily ridership	1.39 million (2018 average weekday)[1] 1.57 million (2018 peak)[1]
Annual ridership	369 million (2018)[2]
Website	www.atm.it/en/
Operation
Began operation	1 November 1964
Operator(s)	Azienda Trasporti Milanesi
Number of vehicles	1,029 (2018)[2]
Technical
System length	104 km (65 mi)
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification	750 V DC fourth rail (line 1) 1,500 V DC overhead catenary (lines 2 & 3) 750 V DC third rail (lines 4 & 5)
System map

The Milan Metro (Italian: Metropolitana di Milano) is the rapid transit system serving Milan, Italy, operated by Azienda Trasporti Milanesi. The network consists of 5 lines with a total network length of 104.1 kilometres (64.7 mi), and a total of 113 stations, mostly underground. It has a daily ridership of about 1.4 million on weekdays.^[1] The Milan Metro is the largest system in Italy in terms of length, number of stations and ridership; and the seventh longest in the European Union.

The first line, Line 1, opened in 1964;^[3][4] Line 2 opened 5 years later in 1969,^[4] Line 3 in 1990,^[4] Line 5 in 2013,^[5] and Line 4 in 2022. There are also several extensions planned and under construction. The architectural project of the Milan Metro, created by Franco Albini and Franca Helg, and the signs, designed by Bob Noorda, received the Compasso d'Oro award in 1964.^[6]

The first projects for a subway line in Milan were drawn up in 1914 and 1925, following the examples of underground transport networks in other European cities such as London and Paris. Planning proceeded in 1938 for the construction of a system of 7 lines, but this too halted after the start of World War II and due to lack of funds.^[7]

On 3 July 1952, the city administration voted for a project of a metro system^[8] and on 6 October 1955, a new company, Metropolitana Milanese, was created to manage the construction of the new infrastructure.^[7] The project was funded with ₤ 500 million from the municipality and the rest from a loan. The construction site of the first line was opened in viale Monte Rosa on 4 May 1957.^[7] Stations on the new line were designed by Franco Albini and Franca Helg architecture studio, while Bob Noorda designed the signage.^[7] For this project both Albini-Helg and Noorda won the Compasso d'Oro prize.

The first section from LottotoSesto Marelli (21 stations) was opened on 1 November 1964 after 7 years of construction works. Two trains adorned with Italian flags left at 10.41 a.m. and arrived at the Sesto Marelli terminus at 11.15 a.m., greeted by the notes of the national anthem and the triumphal march of Giuseppe Verdi's opera "Aida". The track was 12.5 km (7.8 mi) long, and the mean distance between the stations was 590 m (1,940 ft).^[9] In the same year, in April, works on the second line started. Passengers on the network grew constantly through the first years of service, passing from 37,092,315 in 1965 to 61,937,192 in 1969.^[9]

The green line from Caiazzo to Cascina Gobba (7 stations) opened five years later. During the 1960s and 1970s the network of 2 lines was completed, and both lines had 2 different spurs. In 1978, the lines were already 17.6 km (10.9 mi) and 23 km (14 mi) long respectively, with 28 and 22 stations.^[9]

The first section of the third line (yellow), with 5 stations, was opened on 3 May 1990 after almost 9 years of construction works. The line opened just before the World Cup. The other 9 stations on Line 3 opened to the southeast in 1991, and northwest to Maciachini Station in 2004.

In March 2005, the Line 2 Abbiategrasso station (south branch from Famagosta) and the Line 1 Rho Fiera station opened. The intermediate stationofPero, on line 1, opened in December 2005. A north extension of Line 3 to Comasina (4 stations) and a new south branch on the Line 2 to Assago (2 stations) opened in early 2011.

The first stage of the Line 5 (the first automated line of the network), covering the 4.1 kilometres (2.5 mi) from BignamitoZara, in the northern part of the municipality, opened on 10 February 2013.^[10] The 1.9-kilometre (1.2 mi) second stage, from ZaratoGaribaldi FS, opened on 1 March 2014.^[11] The 7-kilometre (4.3 mi) third stage, from Garibaldi FS to San Siro Stadio, in the west of the city, opened on 29 April 2015, with some intermediate stations not in service at that time;^[12][13] as of November 2015, all the stations have been opened.

The metro replaced several interurban tramroutes of the original Società Trazione Elettrica Lombarda (STEL) tramlines, in particular the Line 2 to Gessate.

In November 2022, the first six stations of the automated line 4 were opened, from Linate airport to Dateo; it was the first metro line to be inaugurated without any connection to the rest of the system, instead relying on a connection to the suburban railway network at Dateo railway station;^[14] the line was extended in 2023 to San Babila, linking it to line 1,^[15] and is expected to reach San Crisforo, another railway station, in the city west, by the end of 2024.^[16]

Timeline of Milan Metro construction

date	section or station	line
1 November 1964	Lotto - Sesto Marelli
2 April 1966	Pagano - Gambara
27 September 1969	Caiazzo - Cascina Gobba
27 April 1970	Caiazzo - Centrale
12 July 1971	Centrale - Porta Garibaldi
4 December 1972	Cascina Gobba - Gorgonzola
18 April 1975	Gambara - Inganni
8 November 1975	Lotto - QT8
3 March 1978	Porta Garibaldi - Cadorna
12 April 1980	QT8 - San Leonardo
7 June 1981	Cascina Gobba - Cologno Nord
30 October 1983	Cadorna - Porta Genova
13 April 1985	Gorgonzola - Gessate Porta Genova - Romolo
28 September 1986	San Leonardo - Molino Dorino Sesto Marelli - Sesto 1° Maggio FS
3 May 1990	Centrale - Duomo
16 December 1990	Duomo - Porta Romana
12 May 1991	Centrale - Sondrio Porta Romana - San Donato
21 March 1992	Inganni - Bisceglie
1 November 1994	Romolo - Famagosta
16 December 1995	Sondrio - Zara
8 December 2003	Zara - Maciachini
17 March 2005	Famagosta - Abbiategrasso
19 December 2005	Molino Dorino - Rho Fiera
20 February 2011	Famagosta - Milanofiori Forum
26 March 2011	Maciachini - Comasina
10 February 2013	Zara - Bignami
1 March 2014	Zara - Porta Garibaldi
29 April 2015	Porta Garibaldi - San Siro Stadio
6 June 2015	Portello
20 June 2015	Cenisio
26 September 2015	Gerusalemme
11 October 2015	Monumentale
14 November 2015	Tre Torri
26 November 2022	Linate Aeroporto - Dateo
4 July 2023	Dateo - San Babila

The system comprises 5 lines. All the lines run underground except for the northern part of Line 2 and the Line 2 Assago branch.

There are 8 interchange stations, each with 2 lines: Loreto (Lines 1 and 2); Cadorna (Lines 1 and 2), terminus of Ferrovienord railway network, Centrale (Lines 2 and 3), also Milan's main train station; Duomo (Lines 1 and 3), considered the center of the city; Zara (Lines 3 and 5); Garibaldi (Lines 2 and 5), also a major railway station; Lotto (Lines 1 and 5) and San Babila (Lines 1 and 4).

Lines run in the Milan municipality for 80% of the total length (92 stations).^[17] Beside Milan, 13 other neighbouring municipalities are served: Assago, Bussero, Cassina de' Pecchi, Cernusco sul Naviglio, Cologno Monzese, Gessate, Gorgonzola, Pero, Rho, San Donato Milanese, Segrate, Sesto San Giovanni, Vimodrone. The network covers about 20% of Milan's total area.^[17]

The metro network is also linked with the suburban rail service, with 14 interchange stations: Affori FN, Cadorna FN, Dateo, Domodossola, Stazione Forlanini, Garibaldi FS, Lambrate FS, Lodi T.I.B.B. (with the nearby Porta Romana station), Porta Venezia, Repubblica, Rho Fiera, Rogoredo FS, Romolo and Sesto 1º Maggio. ^[18]

The track gauge for all lines is the 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge. Platform screen doors are present in all stations on Line 4 and Line 5 and on some stations on Line 1.

Line	Terminals		Opened[4][5]	Latest extension	Length (km) [citation needed]	Stations	Avg. station distance (km)
	Rho Fiera / Bisceglie	Sesto 1º Maggio	1964	2005	26.9	38	0.727
	Assago Milanofiori Forum / Abbiategrasso	Cologno Nord / Gessate	1969	2011	39.4	35	1.159
	Comasina	San Donato	1990	2011	16.7	21	0.835
	Linate Aeroporto	San Babila	2022	2023	7.3	8	0.723
	San Siro Stadio	Bignami	2013	2015	12.9	19	0.763

Lines 2 and 3 use overhead lines to supply the electric current to the train and are electrified at 1500 V DC. Line 1, electrified at 750 V DC, uses a fourth rail system, although the same line also supports overhead lines in some stretches and depots; this allows Line 2 and 3 trains to use Line 1 tracks to reach a depot placed on the line. Line 4 and Line 5 trains are supplied by a third rail system at 750 V DC.

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All the stations are provided with LED screens showing the destination and waiting time of coming trains. In every station, a recorded voice announces the direction of every approaching train and, at the platform, the name of the station. While older trains have no on-train information, the new Meneghino and Leonardo trains and the driverless trains on Line 5 are equipped with displays and recorded announcements in Italian and in English.

Since December 2009 all stations and trains of the Milan metro have full UMTS and HSDPA connectivity.^[19] Mobile operators TIM and Vodafone also provide LTE connectivity in all lines.

AMeneghino train on M2

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A Leonardo train at Cimiano Station

The first 3 lines are heavy rapid-transit lines, with 6-cars trains, about 105 m in length. Line 4 and Line 5 are light metro lines, with 4-cars trains, about 50 m long.^[20][21] Line 4 and Line 5 are equipped with driverless trains.

A standard ticket costs €2.20 and is valid for 90 minutes since its validation on metro, tram, bus, trolleybus and suburban lines within Milan and 21 bordering municipalities.^[22] Other tickets are available as well, such as daily, weekly, monthly, annual, student and senior passes. Additional fares are required to travel outside Milan and the 21 bordering municipalities.^[23]

Paper tickets can be substituted by contactless bank cards payments, provided the trip starts in the metro, by tapping in the orange gates installed in every metro station.^[24] This payment method is not available on suburban lines; it was expected to be implemented on trams and buses starting by the end of 2019;^[25] it was eventually introduced in December 2020 on three urban bus lines, with plans for coverage on all the network by 2023.^[26]

Between 2004 and 2007 ATM introduced Itinero smartcard, a proximity card which can be charged with season tickets, replacing paper for this type of tickets. At the beginning of 2010, a new smartcard, RicaricaMi, was introduced. The new card can be charged up with credit and can be used for travel^[27] in place of magnetic paper tickets, on the model of London's Oyster card.^[28]

Milan metro lines can be accessed also with the regional integrated ticket "Io viaggio ovunque in Lombardia", as 1 to 7 days tickets or longer subscriptions using the smartcard "Io Viaggio".

The service starts at about 5:40 am and ends at about 0:30. During Sundays and holidays service usually starts later and ends later, depending on the occasion.^[29]

Headways at peak hours vary from 2 minutes on the Line 1 (central part) to 3 minutes on Line 3. On branch lines (of lines 1 and 2) the headway is usually double.^[29]

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A night service has operated since 2015 with buses. The bus service follows the same route and stops at the same stations of the metro. The entire lines 1 and 3 and the urban section of line 2 (Abbiategrasso-Cascina Gobba) are covered by the service.

The metro system is currently expanding. An extension of Line 1 from Sesto 1º MaggiotoCinisello/Monza, towards the city of Cinisello Balsamo, is currently under construction. The track will be 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) long with an intermediate station at Sesto Restellone. The completion has been delayed several times, and is now scheduled for 2027.^[30] There is a project for a further 3 km extension of Line 1 to the west into Baggio, a neighbourhood on the eastern border of the municipality.

An extension of Line 2 from Cologno NordtoVimercate is planned. The section will be 10.8 kilometres (6.7 mi) long with 6 stations (Brugherio, Carugate, Agrate Colleoni, Concorezzo, Vimercate Torri Bianche, Vimercate). The track will be mostly underground (83%).^[31]

Line 3 is planned to be extended in some form (by metro or some less expensive means) to the south-east from San DonatotoPaullo: 14.8 kilometres (9.2 mi) with intermediate stations in the city of San Donato, Peschiera Borromeo, Mediglia, Caleppio Cerca, Paullo and Paullo East, the first 3 being underground and the other on the surface.^[31] The project is currently on hold.

The last phase of line 4, from the city centre in San Babila to San Cristoforo railway station in the south-west, near the municipal border with Buccinasco and Corsico, is scheduled to open in 2024. Further extensions to Segrate train station in the east and to Buccinasco are also planned, though not yet in construction.^{[citation needed]}

Line 5 is planned to be extended to Cinisello/Monza,^[32] where it will intersect with line 1 a second time at Monza Bettola [it], and then to Monza city centre and west side.

Milan Metro extensions under construction or planned

Line	Route or station[33]	Phase[33]	Scheduled opening	Length	New stations
	Sesto 1° Maggio – Cinisello/Monza	Under construction	2027[30]	1.9 km	2
	Bisceglie – Baggio	Approved (expected start of works: 2024)[34]	–	3 km	3
	Cologno Nord - Vimercate	Design	–	9.7 km	5
	Gessate - Trezzo sull'Adda	Design	–	8 km	4
	San Donato – Paullo Est	Design	–	14.8 km	6
	San Babila - San Cristoforo FS	Under construction	October 2024	7.7 km	13
	Bignami - Cinisello/Monza	Approved (expected start of works: 2023)	2031	13.2 km	12
	San Siro Stadio - Settimo Milanese	Design	–	4.5 km	4

• Signalling of the Milan Metro
• Transport in Milan
• Azienda Trasporti Milanesi
• Milan S Lines
• List of metro systems
• Lists of rapid transit systems

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Milan metro.

• ATM - Milan's Transportation Company
• Metropolitana Milanese S.p.A. - the company that built the Metro
• Milano Metro Map on Google earth with geolocation