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Amoraine-dammed lake, occurs when the terminal moraine has prevented some meltwater from leaving the valley. When a glacier retreats, there is a space left over between the retreating glacier and the piece that stayed intact which holds leftover debris (moraine). Meltwater from both glaciers seep into this space creating a ribbon-shaped lake due to the pattern of ice melt. This ice melt may cause a glacier lake outburst flood, leading to severe damage to the environment and communities nearby. Examples of moraine-dammed lakes include:
In the 19th century the Argentine explorer Francisco Perito Moreno suggested that many Patagonian lakes draining to the Pacific were in fact part of the Atlantic basin but had been moraine dammed during the quaternary glaciations changing their outlets to the west. He argued that as originally belonging to the Atlantic basin these lakes should be awarded to Argentina. Most of the lakes situated in the Himalaya of Nepal and Bhutan are also of the moraine dammed type. They may burst at any time. That is why the areas below such lakes have high risk of flooding.
Glacier lake outburst floods, or GLOFs, occur when the water level of a lake made of a glacier's melted ice overflows, causing damage to the environment and communities. Researchers have discovered that moraine-dammed lakes are the most common proglacial lake to flood. There are a total of 100,000 moraine-dammed lakes and 15% of them are susceptible to GLOFs. With this being said, researchers are working hard to understand this threat so they can come up with a way to slow this data down. 15% of 100,000 is 15,000. 15,000 lakes have a high chance of flooding the areas surrounding it. One of the first signs of climate change is water-levels, land changes, and air quality. This is why moraine-dammed lakes are perfect places to research climate change because of their constant change of shoreline and water levels.[3]
The study took place at The Cordillera Blanca in Peru and consisted of an assessment of these moraine-dammed lakes using remote sensing, GIS, and statistical analysis. Researchers want to stop these GLOFs because they can be catastrophic, causing flooding, landslides, and damage to the environment and to communities living nearby. Newer research and observations have discovered that bedrock-dammed lakes have been creating this same issue and may overtake moraine-dammed lakes in the near future based on GLOF occurrence. Researchers expect GLOF incidents to decrease in moraine-dammed lakes in the next few decades based on topographic disposition.[3]
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