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Palaeonictis

Palaeonictis Temporal range: 56.2–50.5 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Late Paleocene - Early Eocene
skull of Palaeonictis occidentalis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Clade:	Pan-Carnivora
Order:	†Oxyaenodonta
Family:	†Oxyaenidae
Subfamily:	†Palaeonictinae
Genus:	†Palaeonictis de Blainville, 1842
Type species
†Palaeonictis gigantea de Blainville, 1842
Species
†P. gigantea (de Blainville, 1842)[1] †P. occidentalis (Osborn, 1892)[2] †P. peloria (Rose, 1981)[3] †P. wingi (Chester, 2010)[4]
Synonyms[5]
synonyms of genus: Dormaalodon (Lange-Badré, 1987) Palaeonyctis (Cope, 1880)[6] synonyms of species: P. gigantea: Dormaalodon woutersi (Lange-Badré, 1987)[7] Oxyaena casieri (Quinet, 1966)[8] Palaeonyctis gigantea (Cope, 1880)

Palaeonictis ("ancient weasel") is an extinct genus of placental mammals from extinct subfamily Palaeonictinae within extinct family Oxyaenidae, that lived in Europe and North America from the late Paleocene to the early Eocene.^[9]

Description[edit]

In life, it would have resembled a large modern wolverine. This predatory mammal had heavy jaws and blunt robust teeth more suited for crushing bones, than slicing meat. This meant that the plantigrade Palaeonictis was at least a part-time scavenger. The biggest species, Palaeonictis peloria (meaning "terrible ancient weasel") is known from an incomplete jaw that must have measured over 20 centimetres (7.9 in) in length. This animal was the largest carnivore in its ecosystem. 55 million years ago, P. occidentalis (the size of a bear) evolved into the smaller P. wingi (the size of a coyote) within 200,000 years in the early Eocene due to global warming (paleoclimatology). By the end of the early Eocene (50 million years ago), Palaeonictis disappeared from North America, and by the early Eocene (55 million years ago) the last species of P. gigantea had vanished from Europe.^[4] In fact, the entire family Oxyaenidae had become extinct worldwide (although its sister group Hyaenodonta continued to thrive for a while). This is traditionally assumed to be due to increased competition from miacids and nimravids belonging to the more successful order Carnivora, which eventually replaced earlier carnivorous mammal clades in the later Neogene as the world's top predators, though no evidence of direct competition is known, and carnivorans may have simply filled vacated niches.

References[edit]

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