Peacebuilding in Jammu and Kashmir includes confidence-building measures at a nation-state level between the governments of India and Pakistan, track two diplomacy, as well as initiatives by non-governmental organisations (NGOs), institutes and individuals.[1][2] The purpose of peacebuildinginJammu and Kashmir include conflict prevention and reduction of hostilities in the Kashmir Valley. Many countries such as Russia, United States and China have also played a de-escalatory role with regard to tensions in the region.[3][4][5]
In 27 years, between 1990 and 2017, insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir has claimed a total of 41,000 lives (14,000 civilians, 5,000 security personnel and 22,000 militants) according to government figures made available in 2017.[6] India and Pakistan have also fought three wars in Kashmir during 1947–1948, 1965 and the Kargil War in 1999.[7][8][9]
appointment of interlocutors and various committees
The appointment of interlocutors as a tactic for coping with the Kashmir issue traces its origins back to the 1960s, when Prime minister Nehru appointed All Bahadur Shastri to manage tensions following the chaotic events of 1963. Since then, a number of such initiatives have been launched , including a three-member team of interlocutors the central government appointed in response to the 2010 unrest.
K C PANT, 2001
In May 2001, the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government announced the appointment of KC Pant, former Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission, as its interlocutor on Kashmir, with the brief of talking to various groups in the valley and recommending ways to ease tensions between the Centre and the state.
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Lavrov, in response, "emphasised the need for de-escalation of tensions".
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Wars and conflicts |
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Border skirmishes |
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Operations |
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Negotiations |
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Bombings and massacres |
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Militant organisations |
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Observances |
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Diplomatic posts |
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Diplomacy |
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Conflicts |
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Incidents |
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Peace advocates |
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Ideologies |
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Media and cultural |
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Slogans and tactics |
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Opposition to specific wars or their aspects |
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Countries |
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Concepts |
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Theories |
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Regional peacebuilding |
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Peace mechanisms |
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Peace treaties |
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People |
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