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| Culture of Bangladesh |
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Music and performing arts
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Bangladesh has numerous public holidays, including national memorial, religious and secular holidays of Bengali origin. The Bengali traditional calendar, known as Baṅgābda is the national and official calendar in Bangladesh. The holidays are celebrated according to Bengali, Islamic or Gregorian calendars for religious and civil purposes, respectively. Religious festivals like Eid are celebrated according to the Islamic calendar whereas other national holidays are celebrated according to the Bengali and Gregorian calendar. While the Islamic calendar is based on the movement of the moon, it loses synchronization with the seasons, through seasonal drift. Therefore, some public holidays are subject to change every year based on the lunar calendar.
There are fifteen public holidays in Bangladesh. Muslims and non-Muslims have four religious holidays each in addition to the seven secular national holidays. For the Muslims, nine major Islamic holidays: Ashura, Mawlid, Isra' and Mi'raj, Shab-e-Barat, first day of Ramadan, Revelation of the Quran, Laylat al-Qadr, Eid ul-Fitr and Eid ul-Adha are observed. For the Hindus: Holi, Krishna Janmashtami, Durga Puja, Diwali and Raksha Bandhan are celebrated. As for the Christians: New Year, Good Friday, Easter Saturday, Easter Sunday, Halloween, Christmas Eve, Christmas, Boxing Day, St. Patrick's Day and New Year's Eve are celebrated. Buddhists: Vesak and Chinese New Year are celebrated.
| Standard calendar Date | Bengali Date (as revised 2019) |
Bengali name | English name | Commemorates |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 21 February | 8Falgun | শহীদ দিবস (Shôhid Dibôs) | Language Martyrs' Day International Mother Language Day |
Protests and sacrifices to protect Bengali as a national language during Bengali Language Movement of 1952. |
| 17 March | 2Choitro | মুজিব জয়ন্তী (Mujib jaẏantī) | Mujib's Birthday, Children's Day, St. Patrick's Day | Sheikh Mujibur Rahman' Birthday, founder of Bangladesh and National Children's Day. St. Patrick's Day for Christians also coincides with this day. |
| 26 March | 12Choitro | স্বাধীনতা দিবস (Shadhinôta Dibôs) | Independence Day | Proclamation of Independence and the start of the Liberation War. |
| 14 April | 1Boishakh | পহেলা বৈশাখ (Pôhela Bôishakh) | Bengali New Year's Day | The start of the Bengali calendar year. |
| 1 May | 18Boishakh | মে দিবস (Me Dibôs) | May Day | International Workers' Solidarity Day |
| 15 August | 31Srabon | জাতীয় শোক দিবস (Jatiyô shok dibôs) | National Day of Mourning | Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman |
| 16 December | 1Poush | বিজয় দিবস (Bijôy Dibôs) | Victory Day | Surrender of Pakistan, ending of the Liberation War. |
| Hijri date | Gregorian calendar date | Bengali name | English name | Commemorates |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10Muharram | আশুরা (Ashura) | Ashura | Shia: death of Husayn ibn Ali; Sunni: parting of the Red Sea | |
| 12Rabi' al-awwal | ঈদে মিলাদুন্নবী (Īdē milādunnabī) | Eid-e-Miladun-Nabi | Birth of Muhammad | |
| 1-3 Shawal | ঈদুল ফিতর (Īdul phitar) | Eid ul-Fitr | End of the month of Ramadan. (Festival of Fastbreaking) | |
| 10-12 Dhu al-Hijjah | ঈদুল আযহা (Īdul ājahā) | Eid ul-Adha | "Sacrifice Feast", the willingness of Ibrahim (Abraham) to sacrifice his son. | |
| 15 Shaban | শবে বরাত (shab-e-barat) | Shab-e-Barat | 15 of Shaban. Muslims ask for forgiveness for their wrongdoings.[1] | |
| Last Friday of the holy Ramadan month | জুমাতুল বিদা (Jumātula bidā) | Jumuatul Bidah | The day is observed in Bangladesh, marks one of the most sacred days in the Islamic calendar, signifying the last Friday of Ramadan. It is a day of profound prayer and reflection, where Muslims across the nation gather in mosques, seeking forgiveness and blessings in the closing moments of this holy month.[2] |
| Bengali Date | Gregorian date | Bengali name | English name | Commemorates |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| XBhadro | X August | জন্মাষ্টমী (Jônmashṭômi) | Krishna Janmashtami | The birth of Krishna, the eighth avatarofVishnu. |
| XAshwin or X Kartiko | X September or X October | দুর্গা পূজা (Durga Puja) | Durga Puja | The battle of goddess Durga with the shape-shifting, deceptive and powerful buffalo demon Mahishasura, and her emerging victorious. |
| Bengali Date | Gregorian date | Bengali name | English name | Commemorates |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11Poush | 25 December | বড়দিন (Bôṛôdin) | Christmas Day | Jesus Christ's birthday. |
| Bengali Date | Gregorian date | Bengali name | English name | Commemorates |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| XBoishakh or X Joishtho | X May or X June | বুদ্ধ পূর্ণিমা (Buddhô Purnima) | Buddha's Birthday | The birth of the Prince Siddhartha Gautama, later the Gautama Buddha and founder of Buddhism. |
| Date | Name | Commemorates |
|---|---|---|
| 25 March | Genocide Remembrance Day | The Bengali Genocide of 1971.[3][4][5] |
| 21 November | Armed Forces Day[6] | The day in 1971, when the members of Army, Navy and Air force of the Bangladesh liberation war forces were fully operational and launched a coordinated offensive against the Pakistani Army.[7] |
| 14 December | Martyred Intellectuals Day[8] | 1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals by Pakistani forces and their collaborators during the 1971 Liberation War, particularly on 25 March and 14 December 1971.[9][10] |
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