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A detailed list of the various governments that have ruled Bologna is provided by Giovanni Battista Guidicini. In 1527, the Holy See became the absolute ruler of Bologna, and was represented by a Legatus a latere and a Vice-Legate.[2] On 22 February 1530, Pope Clement VII crowned the Emperor Charles V as Holy Roman Emperor in Bologna, the last such event in history.[3]
The bishopric of Bologna was founded in the 3rd century.
Originally it was a suffragan (under the supervision) of the diocese of Milan, but at the end of the 5th century became a suffragan of Ravenna. Because of the schism of the Antipope Clement III, Pope Paschal II, at the Council of Guastalla in October 1106, released Bologna from obedience to the church of Ravenna, and made it directly dependent on the papal See; but on 7 August 1118 Pope Gelasius II restored the previous status.[4] Bishop Victor, therefore, enjoyed the privilege of being consecrated a bishop by Pope Paschal II in 1108. But when he came to die in 1129, the Bolognese resisted the demands of Archbishop Gualterius of Ravenna that he should consecrate the newly elected Bishop Henricus. The papal Legate, Gerardus of S. Croce in Gerusalemme, heard the dispute in his court on 13 April 1130, and Archbishop Gualterius established his right to consecrate the bishops of Bologna.[5]
In 973, Bishop Albertus participated in a provincial synod of the ecclesiastical province of Ravenna, presided over by Archbishop Honestus, and held in the village of Marzalia in the diocese of Parma. Bishop Albertus complained to the assembly that his diocese was so poor that he was not able to sustain his clergy or his churches, on top of which Bishop Ubertus of Parma had taken control of certain territories near Parma which were the property of the diocese of Bologna. Ubertus replied that he had received them from his predecessors. The Archbishop and bishops agreed with the Bishop of Parma, chastised Albertus for raising the subject in the synod, and ordering both parties not to raise the matter again.[6]
A major earthquake struck Bologna on Christmas Day, 1222, causing the vaults of the cathedral ceiling to collapse. Another severe earthquake occurred on 21 April 1223, centered at Cremona; and a third centered in Bologna in 1229.[7]
In the winter of 1410, Pope Alexander V and the Papal Court arrived in Bologna, on their way from Pistoria (where plague had been detected) toward Rome, which had fallen to papal forces on 1 January 1410. Alexander died, however, while he was still in Bologna, on 4 May, waiting for the pacification of Rome and its neighborhood. A Conclave, therefore, took place in Bologna, beginning on 14 May and concluding on 17 May with the election of Cardinal Baldassare Cossa, the Legate of Bologna, who took the name John XXIII.[8]
Pope Leo X visited Bologna from 8 December 1515 through 18 February 1516, where he held negotiations with King Francis I of France. Their talks resulted in the abrogation of the French Pragmatic Sanction and the conclusion of a new Concordat between the Papacy and France.[9]
In 1568, as one of his efforts to implement the decrees of the Council of Trent, Bishop Gabriele Paleotti established the diocesan seminary of Bologna.[10]
In 1582 the diocese of Bologna was raised to the status of a metropolitan archbishopric by Pope Gregory XIII in the bull Universi orbis of 10 December 1582, which removed it from the ecclesiastical province of Ravenna. It was assigned as suffragans the diocese of Faenza and the diocese of Imola.[11] In a decree of the Vatican Sacred Congregation of Bishops of 8 December 1976, a new arrangement of certain dioceses in ecclesiastical provinces was announced; the diocese of Ferrara was made a suffragan of the Archbishop of Bologna, though the Archbishop of Ferrara was allowed to keep the title of archbishop.[12]
Bishop Adalfredus (after 1031 – 1055) suffered many sleepless nights, worried about the number and behavior of his Canons and their hangers-on. Finally, exasperated, he acted. On 16 August 1045, citing decrees of the holy Fathers that in each Church clerics should be ordained in accordance with the ability of that church to support those clerics ministering at the altar, he issued a decree in which he limited the number of Canons in the Cathedral of Bologna to fifty. Specifically mentioned are the Archpriest, the Cantor, and the Archdeacon. To support them, he granted them three parts of the ten percent tithe which was the episcopal income.[13]
The Canons of the Cathedral Chapter were, according to information laid before the pope, interfering with the jurisdiction of the Archdeacon of Bologna. On 28 March 1219, Pope Honorius III wrote to the clergy and people to support the Archdeacon against the rebellion of the Canons. So that the Church of Bologna might not be despoiled of its rights if there were no person in the Chapter to have oversight of it, on 22 April 1219 Honorius granted the Archdeacons of Bologna full and free administration, spiritual and temporal, to correct and reform and decide matters. In separate letters, the Pope warned the Chapter and the Bishop not to interfere with the legitimate and canonical rights and jurisdiction of the Archdeacon.[14]
In 1687, the Chapter of the Cathedral of S. Peter was composed of four dignities and sixteen Canons. In 1842 there were eighteen Canons.[15] The dignities were: the Archdeacon, the Archpriest, the Provost, and the Primicerius.[16]
A diocesan synod was an irregularly held, but important, meeting of the bishop of a diocese and his clergy. Its purpose was (1) to proclaim generally the various decrees already issued by the bishop; (2) to discuss and ratify measures on which the bishop chose to consult with his clergy; (3) to publish statutes and decrees of the diocesan synod, of the provincial synod, and of the Holy See.[17]
In 1535, a diocesan synod was held by Bishop Agostino Zanetti, the suffragan bishop of Bologna under Cardinal Alessandro Campeggio (1526–1553),[18] and another in 1547.[19] Cardinal Gabriele Paleotti (1566–1597) held a diocesan synod on 16 October 1566,[20] another in 1580, and another in 1594.[21]
Cardinal Alessandro Ludovisi (1612–1621) held a diocesan synod on 11 June 1620.[22] Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi (1621–1632) held a Congregationn of the diocese's archpriests on 9 March 1623, and then a diocesan synod on 8 June 1623.[23] He held another on 30 May 1624.[24] On 8 June 1634, Cardinal Girolamo Colonna (1632–1645) held a diocesan synod.[25] Cardinal Girolamo Boncompagni (1651–1684) presided over a diocesan synod on 15 October 1654.[26] Cardinal Giacomo Boncompagni (1690–1731) presided over a diocesan synod in Bologna on 17–19 June 1698.[27] A diocesan synod was held in Bologna by Cardinal Andrea Giovanetti (1775–1800) on 2–4 September 1788.[28]
Cardinal Giacomo Lercaro held a synod in 1962.[29]
In 1586, Cardinal Paleotti held the first provincial synod of the ecclesiastical province of Bologna.[30]
An old list of the bishops of Bologna, found along with the records of the synod of 1310, and perhaps compiled around that time, exists.[31] The following is a list of the bishops and archbishops of Bologna from 313 to the present day.[32]
It includes the territories of the San Vitale, Navile and San Donato boroughs, as well as the municipalities of Castel Maggiore and Granarolo dell'Emilia:
In 2012 the owner of FAAC, an international automatic gate manufacturer, Michelangelo Manini died. He left his entire estate worth an estimated €1.7 billion euro to the diocese, including 66% of FAAC shares. Eventually the Archdiocese acquired the entire company. Cardinal Caffarra established a three person trust to manage the business with the diocese receiving a share of this. In 2015 in received €5 million, in 2019 it was €10 million. This money was distributed to schools and the poor, the homeless and migrants.[112]
^Kehr, p. 250, no. 20. Guidicini, pp. 18–19 (wrongly giving the month of March).
^J. D. Mansi, Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, Tomus XIX (Venice: A. Zatta 1774, p. 41. Savioli, Annali Bolognesi I.i, p. 115; I.ii, pp. 56–57. Guidicini, p. 8.
^Hermann Blumenthal,『Johann XXIII., seine Wahl und seine Persönlichkeit. Eine Quellenuntersuchung,』Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte 21 (Gotha 1901), 488-516, at 491-492. Ferdinand Gregorovius, History of Rome in the Middle Ages, Volume VI. 2, second edition revised (London: George Bell, 1906) [Book XII, chapter 5], pp. 607–622.
^Gius. di Gio. Battista Guidicini (1870). Cose notabili della Città di Bologna ossia Storia cronologica de'suoi stabili pubblici e privati (in Italian). Vol. I. Bologna: Tipogr. delle Scienze di Gius. Vitali. p. 200. P. Prodi, "The Application of the Tridentine Decrees: the Organization of the diocese of Bologna during the episcopate of Cardinal Gabriele Paleotti," in: E. Cochrane (ed.), The Late Italian Renaissance 1525–1630, (London: Palgrave Macmillan 1970), p. 232.
^Acta Apostolicae SedisVol. LXIX (Città del Vaticano: Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis 1977), pp. 157–158: Ferrariensem Ecclesiam, quin aliquid immutetur de archiepiscopali dignitate, Metropolitanae Ecclesiae Bononiensi adnectit.
^Savioli, Annali Bolognesi I.ii, pp. 88–90. Cappelletti, pp. 479–483. Guidicini, p. 11.
^Savioli, II.ii, p. 403, no. 465 (and cf. p. 402, no. 464). August Potthast, Regesta pontificum Romanorum I (Berlin: Rudolf v. Decker 1874), p. 529, no. 6047, 6048, 6049.
^Ritzler-Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica V, p. 124, note 1.
^Constitutiones Synodales Bononien. m . d . xxxv (publicatae per Augustinum de Zanettis Episc. Sebasten. Vicarium et Suffraganeum Bonon.). (Bononiae, per Fine Bonardum etc., 1535).
^Oratio habita ad Patres Synodi Bononiae congregatos in festo penthecostes, sacrifitium peragente R.mo Cardinale s. Crucis, apostolicae sedis Legato, per fratrem Franciscum Salazar, Ord. Min. Observ. (excudebat Magistcr Bartholomaeus de Bonardo, 1547). Ordinationi publicate nella Sinodo Diocesana di Bologna... il di 16 d'ottobre 1566 (In Bologna, per Giovanni Rossi).
^Rinovatione di alcuni ordini, altre volte pubblicati di commissione dell' illustrissimo et reverendissimo sig. Cardinale Ludovisio, arcivescovo di Bologna et principe, fatta nella sinodo dioecesana celebrata alli 11 di giugno MDCXX. In Bologna per Vittore Benacci 1620. Umberto Mazzone (2012). "Il Seicento nell'episcopato bolognese". Governare lo Stato e curare le anime (in Italian). libreriauniversitaria.it ed. pp. 148–149. ISBN978-88-6292-315-6.
^J.-D. Mansi (ed.), Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, Tomus XXXVIter (Arnhem and Leipzig: Hubert Welter 1924), pp. 96, 97.
^Ordini nel Sinodo diocesano celebrato nel dì 30. di Maggio 1624.
^Lanzoni, pp. 784–785. The episcopal list and an inscription refer to Bishop Zama as the first bishop of Bologna. Carlo Sigonio (p. 9) dated him c. 270. Writers of the 17th and 18th centuries postulated nine or ten bishops before Bishop Zama, out of local patriotism and without evidence.
^The date of Faustianus, as he is called in the episcopal list, depends on his identification with a Bishop Faustinus of an unnamed diocese who did not attend the Council of Sardica in 342. Lanzoni, p. 785, no. 2.
^Eusebius was present at the Synod of Aquileia in 381. He was a friend of Archbishop Ambrose of Milan, and the recipient of several dedications. Lanzoni, p. 785, no. 5.
^Felix was a deacon of the Church of Milan, attested in 394 and 397. His episcopacy therefore is later than that date, and before the accession of Petronius in 431. Lanzoni, p. 787, no. 7.
^Parthenianus was a bishop of Fano. Lanzoni, p. 788, no. 10.
^A letter of Pope Gelasius I is addressed to a bishop Iocundus. Lanzoni, p. 789, no. 16, doubts that the addressee is Iocundus of Bologna, but rather Iocundus of Ravenna.
^Bishop Luminosus was present at the Roman synod of Pope Martin I in October 649, and subscribed its decrees. Lanzoni, p. 789, no. 25.
^Adelbertus, Albertus: In 955 he participated in a provincial synod. In 967–968 he was present in Ravenna with Pope John XIII and the Emperor Otto I. In 973 he took part in the provincial synod of the ecclesiastical province of Ravenna, which met at Marzalis. On 16 July 983, he participated in an imperial assembly in Ravenna. Schwartz, p. 162.
^Bishop Giovanni is first noted in a document of 997: Ludovico-Vittorio Savioli (1784). Annali Bolognesi (in Italian and Latin). Vol. I, Part. II. Bassano. p. 66. On 1 May 998 he attended the provincial synod of Archbishop Gerbert of Ravenna. Guidicini, p. 8, states that his name is found in the archives of the monastery of S. Stefano from 997 to 1012. Schwartz, p. 163.
^In the dedication of an altar on 12 May 1045, he is called Hedelfridus. In a document of the same year he signs his name Adalfredus. Cappelletti, pp. 479–480.
^Bishop Sigifredus, a German, became bishop of Bologna through the (simoniacal) agency of the Emperor Henry IV, whose party he supported in opposition to Pope Gregory VII. He was excommunicated in the Roman synod of 11 February 1079. He was present at the schismatical council summoned on 25 June 1080 by the Emperor, at which Gregory VII was excommunicated and Archbishop Wibert of Ravenna named pope under the name of Clement III. He died of a plague in 1085. Amorini & Bosi, pp. 215–216. Kehr, p. 248, no. 13.
^Gerardus was the Gregorian bishop. A certain Pietro was the schismatic imperial bishop. Schwartz, p. 165.
^Writing from Pavia on 19 September 1096, as he was returning from France, Pope Urban II commended to the Catholics of Bologna Bishop Bernardus, whom he had consecrated with his own hands. He died on 15 April 1104, according to his tomb inscription in S. Stefano. Guidicini, p. 16 (with the wrong year). Kehr, p. 248, no. 14. Schwartz, p. 165.
^Bishop Victor first appears in a document dated 7 May 1105. He was a supporter of Pope Gelasius II against the Ghibbelines. He died on 27 September 1129. Sigonio, p. 78 (who says that Victor resigned the diocese to Henricus in 1129). Guidicini, pp. 16–17. Schwartz, p. 165 (who states that he died in 1130).
^Bishop Henricus was consecrated in mid-April 1130 by Archbishop Gualterius of Ravenna. He is found in a document of 13 January 1144. In May 1144 Bishop Enrico was in Rome and obtained the confirmation of the privileges of the church of Bologna from Pope Lucius II. Kehr, p. 250, no. 20, no. 22. Guidicini, pp. 18–19 (wrongly giving the month of March). According to Sigonio, p. 80, Enrico died in 1145; in July, according to Cappelletti, III, p. 491.
^Gerardo was the son of Alberto Grassi, a lawyer. He was a Canon Regular of S. Giovanni in Monte, and a Canon of the Cathedral Chapter. In August 1148, Pope Eugene III wrote to Bishop Gerardo, thanking him for his help in getting the people of Bologna to support the people of Nonantola, who were being attacked by Modena (Kehr, p. 250, no. 24). He was present at the Diet of Roncaglia in 1158. In 1161 at the schismatic council of Lodi, the antipope Victor IV proclaimed his deposition, and appointed one Samuel in his place. The Necrology of S. Giovanni in Monte registered his death on 8 August 1165. Guidicini, pp. 21–23. Cappelletti, pp. 491–493. Gams, p. 676 column 1, places the beginning of his episcopate in 1145. Prodi & Paolini, p. 385, place it in 1148 (or perhaps that is the date of earliest attested reference).
^On 7 August 1169, Bishop Ioannes, acting as a delegate of Pope Alexander III, pronounced judgment between the Abbot of Pomposa and the Prior of S. Maria de Portu. In 1169, perhaps in September, Pope Alexander III wrote to Bishop Joannes, confirming the possessions of the Church of Bologna. He died on 15 January 1187, according to the Necrologio Lateranese. Savioli, II.ii, pp. 13–16. Cappelletti, p. 494. Kehr, p. 252, no. 30.
^Gerardo had been Canon (not Archdeacon) of the Cathedral Chapter. Bishop Gerardo was granted the territories of the papacy in Bologna on 2 July 1187 (Kehr, p. 253, no. 39). In 1192 he was elected Podestà of Bologna, but was deposed because of maladministration. He died on 26 October or 7 November 1198. Cappelletti, p. 495. Guidicini, pp. 25–30.
^Gerardo, a native of Bologna, had previously been a Canon of the Cathedral Chapter, and Archdeacon of Bologna. At the end of 1201, Pope Innocent III suspended his right to confer holy orders. On 10 June 1213, Pope Innocent III ordered Archbishop Hubaldus of Ravenna and Bishop Sicard of Cremona to obtain the resignation of Bishop Gerardo Ariosti, suam insufficientiam recognoscens (J.-P. Migne, ed., Patrologiae Latinae Cursus Completus, Tomus CCXVI (Paris 1891), pp. 966–967). Bishop Gerardo was still functioning as bishop on 23 October 1213, when he granted tax income to the Archpriest. Savioli, II.ii, pp. 232, 342. Cappelletti, pp. 495-496. Guidicini, pp. 30-31. Eubel, I, p. 140, with note 1.
^A native of Bologna, Henricus had been a Canon of the Collegiate Church of S. Giovanni in Monte. Bishop Henricus had already been elected by 25 November 1213. He resigned the bishopric in 1240, and retired to the monastery of S. Vittore, where he died on 11 May 1241, according to the Necrology of S. Giovanni in Monte. Guidicini, pp. 32–36. Gams, p. 676. Eubel, I, p. 140,
^A native of Florence, Ottaviano had studied law at the University of Bologna, and was a Canon of the Cathedral Chapter (from 1232) and Archdeacon (from 1236). He was appointed Auditor of the Sacred Palace (judge of appeals). He was elected (postulatio) by the Chapter, and because of his youthful age was approved by Pope Gregory IX only as Procurator (signing himself as Archdeacon and Administrator), not as Bishop. He established the Chapter of Canons of S. Maria Maggiore, an act which was approved by Pope Innocent IV in 1244. He was named a cardinal by Pope Innocent on 29 May 1244, and resigned the diocese to take up his duties in the Curia. Tomba, p. 49. Guidicini, pp. 36–37. Eubel, I, p. 140 with notes 2 and 3.
^Jacobus was the son of Giovanni di Guido di Boncambio. His brother Guido, a Doctor in utroque iure was, from 1225, the Emperor Frederick II's judge of appeals in Bologna. There had been a contested election in the Chapter, and Boncambi was provided (appointed) by Pope Innocent IV on 31 May 1244, and again on 24 June. He had been serving in the Papal Curia as Vice-Chancellor. He died in October 1260 (Sigonio, p. 120, quotes a source saying that he died on 5 December 1260). Cappelletti, pp. 499–500 (who provides the month of death as October). Savioli, III.ii, pp. 204-206 (Pope Innocent's letters). Guidicini, pp. 37–39. Eubel, I, p. 140 with note 5.
^Though appointed in 1260, Ottaviano was not consecrated until May 1263 (Savioli, III, ii, p. 386). He died on 14 September 1295. Eubel, I, p. 140.
^translated to Riez on 1 October 1330. Eubel, I, p. 140.
^Ugonet was Archdeacon of Parma and Chancellor of the Papal Legate, Cardinal Bertrand du Pouget, who was resident in Bologna (from 1327 to 1334). Stefano is already found as bishop on 20 January 1331. He died between 2 and 14 July 1332. Guidicini, pp. 46–47. Eubel, I, p. 140.
^Bertrand was a nephew of Cardinal Bertrand du Pouget (Poggetto, Podietto), and Archdeacon of Bologna. All of Bertrand's acts are issued from the Castro Civitatis Bononiae, the Legate's residence, not from the episcopal palace. When Cardinal Bertrand was driven out of Bologna by a revolution in 1334, Bishop Bertrando apparently went with him, since a document of 17 August 1335 records: D. Joannes episcopus Cesenae et Administrator Episcopatus Bononiae. On 10 February 1339, Bertrando is still Bishop of Bologna, but on 3 June he is no longer such. Guidicini, pp. 47-50. Eubel, I, p. 140.
^Scarampi, bishop of Florence, was assigned the diocese of Bologna in commendam. Cappelletti, p. 526. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica II, p. 108.
^Zanolini had been Prior of the Canons of the Lateran Basilica in Rome. He was stricken by illness at Lucca, as he was making his way to Bologna, and died on 18 May 1444. Cappelletti, p. 526. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica II, p. 108.
^Parentucelli was appointed Bishop of Bologna on 27 November 1444 by Pope Eugene IV. He was elected Pope Nicholas V on 6 March 1447. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica II, pp. 10, 108.
^Poggio was a Canon of the cathedral Chapter of Bologna and a Doctor of Canon Law. He was appointed Bishop of Bologna by Pope Nicholas V on 22 March 1447, but he died on 15 December 1447. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica II, p. 108.
^Calandrini was appointed bishop on 18 December 1447 by Pope Nicholas V. He died on 18 July 1476. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica II, p. 108.
^Francesco Gonzaga was the son of Marquis Federico Gonzaga of Mantua. Cappelletti, p. 529-530. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica II, p. 108.
^Della Rovere was transferred to the diocese of Vercelli on 24 January 1502. He was later elected Pope Julius II on 1 November 1503. Cappelletti, pp. 530-531. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica II, p. 108, 265; III, p. 9.
^On 24 January 1502, Ferreri exchanged dioceses with della Rovere. He was named a cardinal by Pope Alexander VI on 27 February 1503. He died on 5 October 1510. Cappelletti, p. 531. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica II, pp. 24 no. 34; 108 with note 4.
^Alidosi: Eubel, Hierarchia catholica III, pp. 10 no. 9; 136.
^Campeggio was appointed bishop on 2 December 1523. He resigned the diocese on 20 December 1525, in favor of his son, Alessandro, who was below the canonical age for consecration as a bishop. An Apostolic Administrator was therefore appointed. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica III, pp. 136; 137 with note 12.
^Alessandro Campeggio, son of Cardinal Lorenzo Campeggio was appointed in the Consistory of 19 March 1526 by Pope Clement VII. Since he was still below the canonical age, he served as Administrator until 1530. He did not take solemn possession of the diocese until 31 July 1541. He resigned on 6 March 1553, in favor of his cousin, Giovanni Campeggio. He died in Rome on 21 September 1554. Cappelletti, p. 532. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica III, p. 137 with note 12.
^Giovanni Campeggio, the nephew of Cardinal Lorenzo Campeggio, had been Bishop of Parenzo in Istria (1537–1553). He was appointed bishop of Bologna on 28 May 1537 by Pope Julius III. He died on 17 September 1563. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica III, pp. 137 with note 14; 270 with notes 4 and 5.
^Farnese was already Archbishop of Ravenna and Penitentarius Major. He died on 28 October 1565. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica III, p. 137 with notes 15 and 16.
^Paleotti was appointed Bishop of Bologna on 10 February 1566 by the newly elected Pope Pius V. became the first archbishop on 10 December 1582. He died in Rome on 23 July 1597. Cappelletti, pp. 535–540. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica III, pp. 41 no. 46; 137 with note 17.
^Alfonso Paleotti had been a Canon of the Cathedral Chapter, appointed on 5 March 1573. He then became Archdeacon. He was named titular Archbishop of Corinth and Coadjutor Archbishop of Bologna on 13 February 1591. He succeeded to the diocese on the death of Cardinal Paleotti on 23 July 1597. He died on 18 October 1610. Cappelletti, pp. 541–542. Guidicini, Cose notabili della città di Bologna, IV (Bologna 1872), p. 156. Eubel, III, p. 137 with note 18.
^Borghese was named a cardinal on 18 July 1605, and assigned the titular churchofSan Crisogono. In 1609 he was named Librarian of the Holy Roman Church, and in 1610 Penitentiary Major. He was appointed Archbishop of Bologna in the Consistory of 25 October 1610 by his uncle, Pope Paul V. He resigned the archbishopric on 2 April 1612, never having visited the diocese. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, pp. 9 no. 1, with notes 1–3; 118.
^A native of Bologna, Ludovisi held the degree of Doctor in utroque iure (Bologna 1575. He was named Auditor Sacri Palatii. On 12 March 1612 he was named Archbishop of Bologna by Pope Paul V, and consecrated in Rome by Cardinal Scipione Borghese, his predecessor as archbishop, on 1 May 1612. He was appointed a cardinal on 19 September 1616. He was elected Pope Gregory XV on 9 February 1621, succeeding Pope Paul. He died on 8 July 1623. Gauchat, pp. 13, no. 42; 15; 118 with note 4.
^Ludovico Ludovisi: Giovanni Fantuzzi (1786). Notizie degli scrittori bolognesi (in Italian). Vol. Tomo quinto. Bologna: Stamperia di S. Tommaso d'Aquino. pp. 78–81. Gauchat, p. 118, with note 5.
^A relative of Pope Gregory XV and cousin of Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi, Nicolaus Albergati-Ludovisi had been Archpriest of the Cathedral of Bologna since 1635, and Referendary of the Two Signatures. He was appointed Archbishop of Bologna by Pope Innocent X on 6 February 1645, and was named a cardinal on 6 March 1645. He was summoned to Rome to be Penitentiary Major on 21 February 1650, and in 1651 he resigned the archbishopric. Cappelletti, p. 543. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, p. 118 with note 7.
^Born in Bologna, Ranuzzi held the degree of Doctor in utroque iure. He had been civil governor of the cities of Rimini, Reate, Camerino, and Ancona; vice-Legate of Bologna, and Inquisitor of Malta. He had previously been Archbishop of Damietta (1668–1678) and papal Nuncio to the Duke of Savoy, and then Nuncio to Poland. He was then Bishop of Fano, retaining the title of Archbishop (1678–1688). He served as Nuncio to France from 1686 to 1689. He was named a cardinal by Pope Innocent XI on 2 September 1686, and Archbishop of Bologna on 17 May 1688. Ranuzzi was still in Paris when Pope Innocent died on 12 August 1689. He died in Fano on 27 September 1689, as he was returning to Rome for the Conclave. He never received his red hat, and he never was installed as Archbishop of Bologna. Gaetano Moroni, Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica Vol. LVI (Venezia: Emiliana 1852), p. 166. Ritzler-Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica V, pp. 13, no. 19; 124; 181 with note 2; 198.
^Born in Sora of the family of the dukes of Sora, Boncompagni was the nephew of Cardinal Girolamo Boncompagni. He held the degree of Doctor in utroque iure (Sapienza 1676). He served as civil governor of Orvieto and Fermo. He was named Archbishop of Bologna by Pope Alexander VIII on 15 April 1690, and a cardinal by Pope Innocent XII on 12 December 1695. He died in Rome in the house of the Theatines on 24 March 1731, at the age of seventy-eight. Cappelletti, p. 543. Ritzler-Sefrin, V, pp. 19, no. 2 with notes 4 and 5; 181 with note 3.
^I. Cassoli, "L'episcopato bolognese di Papa Lambertini," in: Bollettino dell' Archidiocesi di Bologna 66 (Bologna 1975), no. 8.
^Malvezzi: Ritzler-Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VI, p. 126 with note 3.
^Giovanetti (Gioanetti): Ritzler-Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VI, p. 126 with note 4.
^Guidi was born in Bologna in 1815. In 1834 he joined the Dominican Order at their convent in Viterbo, where he was given the degree of master of theology. He taught philosophy and theology in Viterbo and in Rome, at S. Maria sopra Minerva. He was twice elected Prior of the convent. In 1857 he was made professor of theology in Vienna. On 16 March 1863 he was named a cardinal by Pope Pius IX, with the titular churchofSan Sisto. On 21 December 1863 he was appointed Archbishop of Bologna. He resigned on 12 November 1871, in the light of the annexation of the Papal States and Rome by the Kingdom of Italy. He was appointed Bishop of Frascati in 1872, and Prefect of the Congregation of Ecclesiastical Immunity in Rome. He died on 27 February 1879. Ritzler-Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VIII, pp. 45, 153. Martin Bräuer (2014). Handbuch der Kardinäle: 1846-2012 (in German). Berlin: De Gruyter. pp. 74–75. ISBN978-3-11-026947-5.
^Morichini was born in Rome in 1805. He held the degree of Doctor in utroque iure from the Sapienza (1828). He was papal Nuncio in Bavaria On 15 March 1852 he was created a cardinal by Pope Pius IX. In 1854 he was appointed Bishop of Jesi. He was appointed pro-Treasurer General of the Apostolic Chamber in 1847. He was appointed Archbishop of Bologna on 24 November 1871. On 22 December 1876 he was named Secretary of Memorials in the Roman Curia. Ritzler-Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VIII, pp. 43, 48, 79, 153. Bräuer, p. 49.
^Parocchi: Ritzler-Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VIII, pp. 43, 44, 49, 53, 153. Bräuer, p. 111.
^Battaglini: Ritzler-Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VIII, pp. 47, 122, 153. Bräuer, pp. 135–136.
^Svampa was born in Montegranaro in 1851. He was given degrees in theology and Civil and Canon Law by the Athenaeum S. Apollinare in 1879. He had been Bishop of Forlì from 1887 to 1894. He was named a cardinal on 18 May 1894, and appointed Archbishop of Bologna on 21 May 1894. He died in Bologna on 10 August 1907. Bräuer, p. 170. Harris M. Lentz III (2015). Popes and Cardinals of the 20th Century: A Biographical Dictionary. McFarland. p. 183. ISBN978-1-4766-2155-5.
^Antonio Scottà (2002). "Parte seconda". Giacomo Della Chiesa arcivescovo di Bologna, 1908-1914: l'"ottimo noviziato" episcopale di papa Benedetto XV. Saggi e ricerche // Istituto per la Storia della Chiesa di Bologna, 14. Soveria Mannelli: Rubbettino Editore. ISBN978-88-498-0459-1.
Lanzoni, Francesco (1832). ed. G. Cantagalli. Cronotassi dei vescovi di Bologna dai primordi alla fine del secolo XIII. Bologna 1932. (in Italian)
Prodi, Paolo; Paolini, Lorenzo (1997) "Cronotassi dei vescovi di Bologna", in: Storia della Chiesa di Bologna. Bergamo: Bolis 1997. pp. 384–387. (in Italian)
Savioli-Fontana, Lodovico Victor (1795). Annali Bolognesi (in Italian and Latin). Vol. III, Part II. Bassano. [original documents]
Ughelli, Ferdinando; Coleti, Niccolo (1717). Italia sacra sive de Episcopis Italiae (in Latin). Vol. Tomus secundus (II) (secunda ed.). Venice: Apud Sebastianum Coleti. pp. 3–55.
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