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F r o m W i k i p e d i a , t h e f r e e e n c y c l o p e d i a
T cell deficiency is a deficiency of T cells , caused by decreased function of individual T cells, it causes an immunodeficiency of cell-mediated immunity .[1] T cells normal function is to help with the human body's immunity, they are one of the two primary types of lymphocytes(the other being B cells ).[medical citation needed ]
Symptoms and signs [ edit ]
Presentations differ among causes, but T cell insufficiency generally manifests as unusually severe common viral infections (respiratory syncytial virus , rotavirus ), diarrhea , and eczematous or erythrodermatous rashes.[1] Failure to thrive and cachexia are later signs of a T-cell deficiency.[1]
Mechanism [ edit ]
In terms of the normal mechanism of T cell we find that it is a type of white blood cell that has an important role in immunity, and is made from thymocytes .[5] One sees in the partial disorder of T cells that happen due to cell signaling defects, are usually caused by hypomorphic gene defects.[6] Generally, (micro)deletion of 22Q11.2 is the most often seen.[7]
Pathogens of concern [ edit ]
The main pathogens of concern in T cell deficiencies are intracellular pathogens , including Herpes simplex virus , Mycobacterium and Listeria .[8] Also, intracellular fungal infections are also more common and severe in T cell deficiencies.[8] Other intracellular pathogens of major concern in T cell deficiency are:
Salmonella species[9]
Rhodococcus equi [9]
Pneumocystis jirovecii [9]
Toxoplasma gondii [9]
Cryptosporidium parvum [9]
Leishmania species[9]
Herpesviridae (herpes simplex , cytomegalovirus and varicella zoster )[9]
Cryptococcus neoformans [9]
Histoplasma capsulatum [9]
Diagnosis [ edit ]
The diagnosis of T cell deficiency can be ascertained in those individuals with this condition via the following:[1] [4] [3]
Delayed hypersensitivity skin test
T cell count
Detection via culture(infection)
Primary or secondary [ edit ]
Lymphoma
Complete or partial deficiency [ edit ]
Treatment [ edit ]
Harvested bone marrow in preparation for transplant
In terms of the management of T cell deficiency for those individuals with this condition the following can be applied:[2] [1]
Epidemiology [ edit ]
In the U.S. this defect occurs in about 1 in 70,000, with the majority of cases presenting in early life.[1]
Furthermore, SCID has an incidence of approximately 1 in 66,000 in California.[10]
See also [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
^ a b c "Immunodeficiency (Primary and Secondary). Information" . patient.info . Retrieved 2017-05-18 .
^ a b Fried, Ari J.; Bonilla, Francisco A. (2017-05-19). "Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management of Primary Antibody Deficiencies and Infections" . Clinical Microbiology Reviews . 22 (3 ): 396–414. doi :10.1128/CMR.00001-09 . ISSN 0893-8512 . PMC 2708392 . PMID 19597006 .
^ a b "T-cell count: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia" . medlineplus.gov . Retrieved 2017-05-18 .
^ Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts k, Walter P (2002) Molecular Biology of the Cell . Garland Science: New York, NY pg 1367
^ Cole, Theresa S.; Cant, Andrew J. (2010). "Clinical experience in T cell deficient patients" . Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology . 6 (1 ): 9. doi :10.1186/1710-1492-6-9 . ISSN 1710-1492 . PMC 2877019 . PMID 20465788 .
^ Prasad, Paritosh (2013). Pocket Pediatrics: The Massachusetts General Hospital for Children Handbook of Pediatrics . Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. Google books gives no page. ISBN 9781469830094 . Retrieved 19 May 2017 .
^ a b Page 435 in: Jones, Jane; Bannister, Barbara A.; Gillespie, Stephen H. (2006). Infection: Microbiology and Management . Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-2665-6 .
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Page 432 , Chapter 22, Table 22.1 in: Jones, Jane; Bannister, Barbara A.; Gillespie, Stephen H. (2006). Infection: Microbiology and Management . Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-2665-6 .
^ "B-Cell and T-Cell Combined Disorders: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology" . 2018-12-11.
Further reading [ edit ]
External links [ edit ]
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=T_cell_deficiency&oldid=1187581038 "
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