Tacheng
Tarbagatay, Chuguchak, Qoqek
| |
|---|---|
"Ruins in Chuguchak" by Vasily Vereshchagin (1869)
| |
Location of Tacheng City (pink) in Tacheng Prefecture (yellow) and Xinjiang
| |
  Tacheng Location of the city centre in Xinjiang Show map of Dzungaria Tacheng Tacheng (Xinjiang) Show map of Xinjiang Tacheng Tacheng (China) Show map of China | |
| Coordinates (Tacheng municipal government): 46°45′06″N 82°59′13″E / 46.7517°N 82.9869°E / 46.7517; 82.9869 | |
| Country | China |
| Autonomous region | Xinjiang |
| Prefecture | Tacheng |
| Municipal seat | Heping Subdistrict |
| Area | |
| • Total | 3,991.9 km2 (1,541.3 sq mi) |
| Population
(2020)[1]
| |
| • Total | 158,098 |
| • Density | 40/km2 (100/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard[a]) |
| Postal code |
834700
|
| Website | www |
| Tacheng | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese name | |||||||||||
| Chinese | 塔城 | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
| Alternative Chinese name | |||||||||||
| Chinese | 缺切克 | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
| Second alternative Chinese name | |||||||||||
| Chinese | 楚呼楚 | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
| Third alternative Chinese name | |||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 塔尔巴哈台 | ||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 塔爾巴哈台 | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
| Mongolian name | |||||||||||
| Mongolian Cyrillic | Тарвагатай | ||||||||||
| Mongolian script | ᠲᠠᠷᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ | ||||||||||
| Uyghur name | |||||||||||
| Uyghur | چۆچەك | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
| Kazakh name | |||||||||||
| Kazakh | شاۋەشەك Sháýeshek | ||||||||||
| Daur name | |||||||||||
| Daur | Тарбгьти Tarbgti | ||||||||||
Tacheng[2] (Chinese: 塔城), also known as Tarbagatay, Chuguchak[3]orQoqek,[4] is a county-level city and the administrative seat of Tacheng Prefecture, in northern Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang. The Chinese name "Tacheng" is an abbreviation of "Tarbagatay City", a reference to the Tarbagatay Mountains. Tacheng is located in the Dzungarian Basin, some 10 km (6.2 mi) from the Chinese border with Kazakhstan. For a long time it has been a major center for trade with Central Asia because it is an agricultural hub. Its industries include food processing, textiles, and utilities.
In the mid-19th century, Chuguchak was considered the most important commercial center of Western China after Ghulja (Yining), being an important center of trade between China and Russia, in particular in tea. The city, surrounded by an earth wall, was the residence of two Qing ambans and had a garrison of some 1,000 Chinese soldiers and 1,500 Manchu and Mongol soldiers.[3]
Chuguchak suffered harshly in 1865 during the fighting between the Qing forces and the Dungan and Hui rebels.
Tacheng is the site of an internment camp for Turkic Muslims such as the Uyghurs and Kazakhs; it is one of many such camps in Xinjiang. The Chinese government maintains that they are "vocational education centers" for citizens to learn trade skills and the Chinese language, and that the camp was shutdown in 2019. However, satellite imagery shows that the camp expanded five-fold later that year.[5][6]
The Baktu border crossing (simplified Chinese: 巴克图口岸; traditional Chinese: 巴克圖口岸; pinyin: Bākètú Kǒu'àn) into Kazakhstan is located 17 km (11 mi) from Tacheng. The checkpoint on the Kazakh side of the border is also known as Bakhty and is located 60 km (37 mi) from Makanchi in East Kazakhstan Province. In April 1962, during the Yi–Ta incident, over 60,000 Chinese citizens, including around 48,000 Tacheng residents, crossed the Xinjiang–Kazakh SSR border, leading to massive economic loss in Tacheng; the border crossing closed in August of that year.[7] The crossing re-opened on 20 October 1990, and was deemed a "first-class port of entry" (一类口岸) on 14 March 1994. On 1 July 1995, the crossing opened to use by third nations.[7]
Tacheng is divided into 3 subdistricts, 2 towns, 3 townships, and 1 ethnic township,
| Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Uyghur (UEY) | Uyghur Latin (ULY) | Kazakh (Arabic script) | Kazakh (Cyrillic script) | Administrative division code | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subdistricts | ||||||||
| Heping Subdistrict | 和平街道 | Hépíng Jiēdào | تېنچىلىق كوچا باشقارمىسى | tënchiliq kocha bashqarmisi | بەيبىت كوشە باسقارماسى | 654201001 | ||
| Dubik Subdistrict | 杜别克街道 | Dùbiékè Jiēdào | دۇبىك كوچا باشقارمىسى | dubik kocha bashqarmisi | دۋبەك كوشە باسقارماسى | 654201002 | ||
| Xincheng Subdistrict | 新城街道 | Xīnchéng Jiēdào | يېڭى شەھەر كوچا باشقارمىسى | yëngi sheher kocha bashqarmisi | جاڭا جامبىل كوشە باسقارماسى | 654201003 | ||
| Towns | ||||||||
| Ergong Town | 二工镇 | Èrgōng Zhèn | ئەرگۇڭ بازىرى | Ergung baziri | ارگۇڭ قالاشىعى | 654201100 | ||
| Chasha Town | 恰夏镇 | Qiàxià Zhèn | چاشا بازىرى | chasha baziri | شاشا قالاشىعى | 654201101 | ||
| Bozdakh Town | 博孜达克镇 | Bózīdákè Zhèn | بوزداق بازىرى | bozdaq baziri | بوزداق قالاشىعى | 654201102 | ||
| Townships | ||||||||
| Kharakhabakh Township | 喀拉哈巴克乡 | Kālāhǎbākè Xiāng | قاراقاباق يېزىسى | qaraqabaq yëzisi | قاراقاباق اۋىلى | 654201200 | ||
| Abdira Township | 阿不都拉乡 | Ābùdūlā Xiāng | ئابدىرا يېزىسى | Abdira yëzisi | ابدىرا اۋىلى | 654201203 | ||
| Ëmil Township | 也门勒乡 | Yěménlè Xiāng | ئېمىل يېزىسى | Ëmil yëzisi | ەمىل اۋىلى | 654201204 | ||
| Ethnic Township | ||||||||
| Axili Daur Ethnic Township | 阿西尔达斡尔民族乡 | Āxī'ěr Dáwò'ěr Mínzúxiāng | ئاشىلى داغۇر يېزىسى | Ashili daghur yëzisi | اشىلى داعۇر ۇلتتىق اۋىلى | 654201202 | ||
Tacheng has a typical Xinjiang cool semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk) that is almost moist enough to be a hot summer humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa), as being on the west side of the Altay Mountains the region receives more winter snowfall than most of Xinjiang.
| Climate data for Tacheng, elevation 535 m (1,755 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 8.6 (47.5) |
10.5 (50.9) |
24.7 (76.5) |
33.2 (91.8) |
38.2 (100.8) |
37.6 (99.7) |
40.3 (104.5) |
41.6 (106.9) |
37.7 (99.9) |
32.0 (89.6) |
20.8 (69.4) |
11.8 (53.2) |
41.6 (106.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −4.0 (24.8) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
7.0 (44.6) |
18.2 (64.8) |
24.2 (75.6) |
29.3 (84.7) |
31.1 (88.0) |
30.2 (86.4) |
24.2 (75.6) |
15.8 (60.4) |
5.2 (41.4) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
14.9 (58.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −9.9 (14.2) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
0.9 (33.6) |
11.1 (52.0) |
16.8 (62.2) |
21.7 (71.1) |
23.4 (74.1) |
22.2 (72.0) |
16.3 (61.3) |
8.5 (47.3) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
−7.4 (18.7) |
8.0 (46.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −14.7 (5.5) |
−11.8 (10.8) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
5.2 (41.4) |
10.3 (50.5) |
14.9 (58.8) |
16.8 (62.2) |
15.2 (59.4) |
9.5 (49.1) |
3.0 (37.4) |
−4.5 (23.9) |
−11.6 (11.1) |
2.4 (36.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −33.5 (−28.3) |
−37.1 (−34.8) |
−30.6 (−23.1) |
−12.3 (9.9) |
−3.7 (25.3) |
2.6 (36.7) |
6.2 (43.2) |
4.0 (39.2) |
−4.1 (24.6) |
−13.3 (8.1) |
−31.5 (−24.7) |
−34.7 (−30.5) |
−37.1 (−34.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 21.6 (0.85) |
17.3 (0.68) |
18.5 (0.73) |
28.8 (1.13) |
29.1 (1.15) |
25.2 (0.99) |
28.0 (1.10) |
20.5 (0.81) |
18.2 (0.72) |
23.1 (0.91) |
38.0 (1.50) |
28.8 (1.13) |
297.1 (11.7) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 9.7 | 8.2 | 8.2 | 7.8 | 8.2 | 8.5 | 9.0 | 7.1 | 5.2 | 6.9 | 10.1 | 11.0 | 99.9 |
| Average snowy days | 11.4 | 11.1 | 7.3 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.0 | 9.1 | 13.5 | 55.9 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 70 | 68 | 63 | 51 | 48 | 49 | 51 | 47 | 47 | 57 | 69 | 71 | 58 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 151.7 | 172.4 | 232.1 | 263.4 | 320.2 | 324.7 | 331.7 | 321.3 | 273.3 | 219.1 | 142.7 | 125.5 | 2,878.1 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 53 | 58 | 62 | 64 | 68 | 69 | 70 | 75 | 74 | 67 | 52 | 47 | 63 |
| Source 1: China Meteorological Administration[8][9] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather China[10] | |||||||||||||
The Karamay–Tacheng Railway (opened on May 30, 2019) connects Tacheng with Baikouquan Station (百口泉站) on the Kuytun–Beitun RailwayinKaramay City. It takes 9 hours from Tacheng to Ürümqi.[11]
Tacheng is also served by the Tacheng Qianquan Airport with flights to Ürümqi and other cities in Xinjiang.
 |
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (September 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
|
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Links to related articles
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| International |
|
|---|---|
| National |
|
