Timothy Noel PalmerCBEFRS[1] (born 31 December 1952) is a mathematical physicist by training. He has spent most of his career working on the dynamics and predictability of weather and climate. Among various research achievements, he pioneered the development of probabilistic ensemble forecasting techniques for weather and climate prediction (at the Met Office and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts).[3] These techniques are now standard in operational weather and climate prediction around the world, and are central for reliable decision making for many commercial and humanitarian applications.
Palmer’s research has focused on the nonlinear predictability and dynamics of the climate system. He co-discovered the world's largest breaking waves,[6] and proposed a nonlinear framework for the regional manifestation of climate change, based on the nonlinear dynamics of quasi-stationary weather regimes.[7] He was among the first to propose the importance of developing unified or "seamless" weather and climate prediction models.[8] As of 2016[update] Palmer's research is focussed on the development of stochastic parametrisations in weather and climate simulators,[1] and the application of inexact computing[9] techniques for developing ultra-high resolution climate models.[10] Palmer believes strongly that human and computing resources must be pooled internationally to develop reliable climate prediction systems.[citation needed] He remains active in the area of fundamental physics, promoting the synergistic "Cosmological Invariant Set Postulate" as a primitive geometric principle for physics of the large and small.[11]
After a chance meeting with geophysicist Raymond Hide, he became interested in climate and was employed by the Met Office – including a year at the University of Washington.[citation needed] In 1986 he joined the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts where he led the newly formed Predictability and Diagnostics Division, where he led the development of the ECMWF medium-range ensemble prediction system and the European DEMETER multi-model ensemble seasonal climate prediction system.[12] In 2010 Palmer became a Professor of Climate Physics at the University of Oxford,[13] being one of the "2010 Anniversary" Royal Society Research Professors, created to celebrate the Royal Society's 350th Anniversary. At Oxford, Palmer is additionally co-director of the Oxford Martin Programme on Modelling and Predicting Climate[14] and is a professorial fellow at Jesus College, Oxford.[15]
In October 2022 Palmer published a popular science book on the science of uncertainty called “The Primacy of Doubt”.[30] Without equations, it described the physics and mathematics of chaos, applying it to weather, climate, economics, pandemics, conflict, human creativity, free will and consciousness. It also discussed the question of whether, at the deepest level, quantum uncertainty is different to chaotic uncertainty - Palmer believes not. The book received favourable blurbs from Roger Penrose, Martin Rees, Syukuro Manabe and Sabine Hossenfelder. Brian Clegg of Popular Science wrote “This is quite possibly the best popular science book I've ever read (and I’ve read many hundreds)."[31]
^ abcdAnon (2003). "Professor Tim Palmer CBE FRS". royalsociety.org. London: Royal Society. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where:
^Palmer, Tim (2018). "The ECMWF ensemble prediction system: Looking back (more than) 25 years and projecting forward 25 years". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 145: 12–24. arXiv:1803.06940. doi:10.1002/qj.3383. ISSN1477-870X. S2CID4944687.
^McIntyre, M.E. and T.N. Palmer, 1983: Breaking planetary waves in the stratosphere. Nature, 305, 593‑600.
^Palmer, T.N., 1998: Climate change from a nonlinear dynamical perspective. J.Clim.,12, 575-591.
^Palmer, T.N. and P.J. Webster, 1993: Towards a unified approach to climate and weather prediction. Proceedings of 1st Demetra Conference on Climate Change. European Community Press
^Palem, K.V. (September 2005). "Energy Aware Computing through Probabilistic Switching: A Study of Limits". IEEE Transactions on Computers. 54 (9): 1123–1137. doi:10.1109/TC.2005.145. S2CID3245545.
^Palmer T.N. (2020). Discretization of the Bloch sphere, fractal invariant sets and Bell’s theorem. Proc. Roy. Soc. A, 476, doi:10.1098/rspa.2019.0350.
^Palmer, T.N.. A. Alessandri, U. Anderson and co-authors. 2004. The Development of a European Multi-model Ensemble System for Seasonal to Interannual Prediction (DEMETER). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 85, 853-872.[7]
