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Timeline of San Francisco

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• 1776 – Presidio of San Francisco and Mission San Francisco de Asís established by colonists from Spain.
• 1791 – Mission San Francisco de Asís building dedicated.

• 1847
  • Yerba Buena renamed "San Francisco."
  • City hotel built.^[1]
• 1848
  • Territory ceded from Mexico to the United States per Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
  • California Gold Rush begins.^[2]
• 1849
  • St. Francis hotel built.^[1]
  • Boudin Bakery, Olympic Amphitheatre,^[3] and Union Iron Works^[4] in business.
  • West Indian Benevolent Association established.^[5]
• 1850
  • April 15: City of San Francisco incorporated.^[6][2]
  • May 1: John W. Geary becomes mayor.
  • October 29: San Francisco becomes part of the new U.S. State of California.
  • Chamber of Commerce^[7] Society of California Pioneers,^[8] and Jenny Lind Theatre^[3] established.
  • Population: 34,000.^[2]
• 1851
  • May 3–4: Fire.^[9]
  • San Francisco Committee of Vigilance organized.
  • Pioneer Race Course opens.
• 1852
  • Ghirardelli in business.
  • Mercantile Library Association of San Francisco, Sons of the Emerald Isle, and San Francisco Turn Verein established.^[8]
  • The Golden Era newspaper begins publication.
• 1853 – California Academy of Sciences, YMCA,^[8] and Russ garden^[1] established.
• 1854
  • San Francisco Mechanics' Institute established.
  • Lone Mountain Cemetery established^[10]
• 1855 – Hebrew Young Men's Literary Assoc. active.^[11]
• 1856 – Mirror of the Times^[5] and Daily Morning Call^[12] newspapers begin publication.
• 1857 – California State Convention of Colored Citizens, a colored convention, held in city.^[13]
• 1858 – Italian Benevolent Society organized.^[8]
• 1859 – San Francisco Schuetzen-Verein founded.^[14]
• 1860
  • March 27: Japanese embassy arrives.^[15]
  • Olympic Club founded.^[16]
  • Population: 56,802.^[17]
• 1861
  • Overland Telegraph Company begins operating (New York-San Francisco).^[9]
  • Fraternitas Rosae Crucis lodge established.^[18]
• 1862
  • Heald's Business College^[19] and Franchise League^[5] established.
  • The San Francisco Stock and Bond Exchange was founded.^[20]
• 1863
  • San Francisco and San Jose Railroad begins operating soon.
  • St. Andrew's Society founded.^[8]
  • Cliff House rebuilt.
  • Charlotte L. Brown sues a racially segregated San Francisco streetcar company and wins.^[21]
• 1864 –
  • Concordia-Argonaut Club founded.
  • Hugh Toland found the Toland Medical College, which would later become the University of California, San Francisco
• 1865 – Daily Examiner and Daily Dramatic Chronicle newspapers begin publication.^[12]
• 1866 – Merchants' Exchange Association, Caledonian Club,^[8] and Woodward's Gardens^[1] established.
• 1867
  • Street begging ban effected.^[22]
  • San Francisco City and County Almshouse opens.^[23]
• 1868 – San Francisco County Medical Society^[8] and Women's Co-operative Printing Office [1] established.
• 1869
  • California Theatre opens.
  • San Francisco Yacht Club founded.^[8]
  • Grand hotel built.^[1]
  • Central Pacific Railroad line to Oakland completed.^[2]
• 1870
  • Golden Gate Park^[9] and San Francisco Microscopical Society^[24] established.
  • Population: 149,473.^[17]
• 1871 – San Francisco Art Association and St. Luke's Hospital^[14][25] established.
• 1872 – Bohemian Club and Bar Association of San Francisco founded.^[8]
• 1873
  • Clay Street Hill Railroad begins operating.
  • Polish Society of California organized.^[8]
• 1874 – California School of Design, and Territorial Pioneers of California^[8] established.
• 1875
  • Palace Hotel in business.^[1]
  • Fire patrol established.^[14]
• 1876
  • Pioneer Park, Pacific Homeopathic Dispensary Association, and Ligue Nationale Francaise established.^[8]
  • Railway connexion to Los Angeles.^[2]
• 1877
  • Board of Trade, Spanish Mutual Benevolent Society,^[8] and Workingmen's Party of California^[26] established.
  • Anti-Chinese sentiment leads to riots against Chinatown residents and businesses.^[27]
  • Baldwin hotel built.^[1]
• 1878 – San Francisco Public Library,^[28][29] Pacific Yacht Club, and Young Women's Christian Association founded.^[8]
• 1879 – Golden Gate Kindergarten Association organized.^[14]
• 1880 – California State Convention of Colored Citizens, a colored convention, held in city.^[30]
• 1881 – Geographical Society of the Pacific organized.^[8]
• 1883 – Pacific Coast Amateur Photographic Association headquartered in city.^[31]
• 1887 – Cogswell Polytechnical College established.^[19]
• 1888 – Associated Charities^[14] and San Francisco Business College^[19] established.
• 1889 – Pacific-Union Club formed.
• 1890
  • California Camera Club^[32] and University Club of San Francisco established.
  • Population: 298,997.^[2]
• 1891 – Gregg Shorthand school established.^[19]
• 1892
  • Hibernia Bank built.^[33]
  • Trocadero Hotel opens.
• 1893 – Mark Hopkins Institute of Art established.^[34]
• 1894
  • Wilmerding School of Industrial Arts established.^[35]
  • California Midwinter International Exposition of 1894 held; Japanese Tea Garden built.
• 1895
  • California School of Mechanical Arts established.^[35]
  • M. H. de Young Memorial Museum opens as Golden Gate Park Museum.^[36]
• 1896 – Sutro Baths open.
• 1898
  • San Francisco Ferry Building opens.
  • City rechartered.^[9]
  • League of California Municipalities headquartered in city.^[37]
  • Buddhist temple founded.^[38][39]
• 1899
  • San Francisco State Normal School established.
  • City Hall built.
• 1900 – Population: 342,782.^[40][2]

• 1901
  • Labor strike of restaurant workers.^[41]
  • San Francisco Architectural Club organized.^[36]
• 1902 – Eugene Schmitz becomes mayor.
• 1905 – 1908: San Francisco graft trials
• 1906 – April 18: Earthquake and fires.^[42][2]
• 1907
  • July: Mayor Eugene Schmitz imprisoned.^[9]
  • International Hotel built.
  • A. Mutt comic strip begins publication in the San Francisco Chronicle.
• 1908 – South San Francisco incorporated near city.^[43]
• 1910
  • San Francisco Housing Association organized.^[44]
  • Population: 416,912.^[2]
• 1911
  • San Francisco Symphony founded.
  • Cort theatre opens.^[45]
• 1912
  • Lux School for Industrial Training for Girls opens.
  • Book Club of California established.^[46]
  • James Rolph becomes mayor.
  • Tadich Grill in business.^[47]
• 1914 – San Francisco National Guard Armory and Arsenal built.
• 1915
  • January 25: First transcontinental telephone call occurs (San Francisco-New York).
  • February 20: Panama–Pacific International Exposition opens; Tower of Jewels built.
  • San Francisco Labor Temple built.
  • San Francisco City Hall rebuilt.
  • Veterans Auditorium opens.
• 1916
  • Preparedness Day Bombing.^[48]
  • Legal Aid Society established.^{[citation needed]}
  • Buena Vista Cafe in business.
• 1917 – Strand Theater built.^[45][33]
• 1922 – Golden Gate Theatre, and Castro Theatre built.^[49]
• 1923
  • January: Mae Nolan becomes U.S. representative for California's 5th congressional district.^[50]
  • August 2: US President Harding dies in the Palace Hotel.^[42]
• 1924
  • California Palace of the Legion of Honor opens.
  • April 24th, opening of the Metropolitan Theatre in Cow Hollow^[51]
• 1925
  • Fleishhacker Pool built.
  • Florence Prag Kahn becomes U.S. representative for California's 4th congressional district.^[52]
• 1926 – Playland at the Beach in business.
• 1927 – San Francisco Municipal Airport dedicated.^[9]
• 1928 – Amazon Theater opens.^[45]
• 1929
  • Fleishhacker Zoo established.
  • Topsy's Roost (restaurant) in business.
• 1930 – Pacific Stock Exchange Lunch Club formed.
• 1931
  • Stern Grove opens as city park.
  • El Rey Theatre opens^[53]
• 1932
  • War Memorial Opera House opens.
  • Photographers' Group f/64 founded.^[54]
• 1933
  • San Francisco Opera Ballet founded.
  • Coit Tower built.
• 1934
  • May 9: General Strike begins.^[48]
  • U.S. Penitentiary established on Alcatraz Island.
  • Golden Grain Macaroni Company in business.
• 1935 – San Francisco Museum of Modern Art opens as San Francisco Museum of Art in Veterans Memorial Building.
• 1936 – Bay Bridge opens.^[55]
• 1937 – May 27: Golden Gate Bridge opens.^[9]
• 1940 – Holly Courts housing project built.^[9]
• 1944 – Church for the Fellowship of All Peoples established.^[56]
• 1945
  • Tonga Room in business.
  • April 25: United Nations Conference on International Organization begins.
  • June 26: United Nations Charter signed.
• 1946 – National Urban League branch^[57] and Marines' Memorial Club established.
• 1949 – Presidio Theatre built.^[49]

• 1952 – The Purple Onion nightclub in business.
• 1953 – City Lights Bookstore in business.^[48]
• 1955 – City Lights Pocket Poets Series begins publication.
  • Allen Ginsberg reads his poem Howl for the first time at the Six Gallery
• 1957
  • San Francisco International Film Festival founded.
  • Caffe Trieste in business.^[58]
  • Sister city relationship established with Osaka, Japan.^[59]
  • The San Francisco Stock and Bond Exchange (formed in 1882) and the Los Angeles Oil Exchange (formed in 1899) merge to create the Pacific Coast Stock Exchange.^[20]
• 1959 – Embarcadero Freeway opens.
• 1960 – Mandarin restaurant in business.^[60]
• 1963– The Reverend Cecil Williams becomes pastor at Glide Memorial Church, shifting the church's politics to the left.^[61]
• 1964 – City's "San Francisco History Center" established.[2][3]
• 1965 – Intersection for the Arts incorporated.
  • The musical group the Jefferson Airplane is created.
• 1966– The Compton's Cafeteria riot breaks out when transgender patrons become angry over police harassment.^[62]
• 1967 – Summer of Love.
  • January: The Human Be-In takes place in Golden Gate park, a prelude to the Summer of Love.
  • The anarchist group The Diggers is founded, and begins distributing free food.^[63]
• 1968 – Sister city relationship established with Sydney, Australia.^[59]
  • The Church of John Coltrane is established, and continues religious services until 2016.^[64]
• 1969
  • 555 California Street built.
  • Sister city relationships established with Assisi, Italy; and Taipei, Taiwan.^[59]
  • The San Francisco Chronicle and Examiner receive their first letters from The Zodiac Killer.^[65]
• 1970 – Regional Metropolitan Transportation Commission established.
• 1971 – Peoples Temple in San Francisco and Church of the Tree of Life^[18] established.
• 1972
  • San Francisco Pride begins.
  • Golden Gate National Recreation Area established.
  • Transamerica Pyramid built.
• 1973
  • October: Zebra murders begin.^[66]
  • Church of the Gentle Brothers and Sisters incorporated.^[18]
  • Sister city relationship established with Haifa, Israel.^[59]
• 1974
  • People's Food System active (approximate date).^[67]
  • Southern Exposure (art space)^[68] and San Francisco Cable Car Museum established.
  • April 15: Hibernia Bank robbery by the Symbionese Liberation Army.
• 1975
  • Rainbow Grocery Cooperative opens.^[67]
  • Sister city relationship established with Seoul, South Korea.^[59]
  • September 22: Sara Jane Moore attempted to assassinate President Gerald Ford in front of the St. Francis Hotel by firing two gunshots at Ford; both shots missed.
• 1976 – Bay Area Video Coalition founded.
• 1977
  • Theatre Rhinoceros and Suicide Club founded.
  • Golden Dragon massacre
  • San Francisco Planning and Urban Research Association active.
• 1978
  • June 25: Rainbow flag (LGBT movement) introduced.
  • November 18: Jonestown mass murder-suicide at the People's Temple Guyana compound.
  • November 27: Moscone–Milk assassinations.
  • December 4: Dianne Feinstein becomes mayor.
• 1979
  • The Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence make their first appearance on Castro Street.
  • May 21: White Night riots.
  • Sister city relationship established with Shanghai, China.^[59]
• 1980 – Davies Symphony Hall opens.
• 1981
  • San Francisco Symphony Youth Orchestra and Hansberry Theatre established.
  • Sister city relationship established with Manila, Philippines.^[59]
• 1982 – City/county handgun ban approved; later struck down by state court.^[66]
• 1983
  • San Francisco General Hospital AIDS clinic established.^[69]
  • The first San Francisco Historic Trolley Festival takes place.
• 1984 – Sister city relationship established with Cork, Ireland.^[59]
• 1986
  • Cacophony Society formed.
  • A bonfire of a wooden man is held on Baker Beach which evolves into the Burning Man event.^[70]
  • Sister city relationship established with Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.^[59]
• 1987 – Luggage Store (arts organization) established.^[68]
• 1988 – San Francisco Museum and Historical Society founded.
• 1989
  • October 17: Loma Prieta earthquake.
  • San Francisco becomes a sanctuary city for illegal immigrants.^[71]
• 1990
  • Population: 723,959.^[17]
  • Sister city relationship established with Thessaloniki, Greece.^[59]
• 1991 – Museum of the City of San Francisco opens.^[72]
• 1992
  • Critical Mass (bicycle event) began.
  • Clarion Alley Mural Project organized.
  • Latino Coalition for a Healthy California headquartered in city.[4]
• 1993
  • Yerba Buena Center for the Arts opens.
  • 101 California Street shooting occurs.^[66]
• 1994 – Santarchy begins.
• 1995
  • Craigslist founded.
  • Sister city relationship established with Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.^[59]
• 1996
  • City website online (approximate date).^{[73][chronology citation needed]}
  • Willie Brown becomes mayor.
  • Internet Archive headquartered in city.^[74]
  • Long Now Foundation established.
• 1997
  • Sister city relationship established with Paris, France.^[59]
  • Pinecrest Diner, a popular all-night diner-style restaurant in San Francisco, becomes notorious for a murder over an order of eggs.^[75]
• 1998 – Wattis Institute for Contemporary Arts founded.^[68]
• 2000 – Population: 776,733.^[40]

• 2001 - Fatal dog mauling of Diane Whipple.
• 2003
  • Bernal Heights Preservation established.^[76]
  • U.S. National Security Agency/AT&TRoom 641A in operation.
  • Sister city relationship established with Zürich, Switzerland.^[59]
• 2004 – Gavin Newsom becomes mayor.
• 2005 – November: Gun control ordinance San Francisco Proposition H (2005) passes; later struck down.
• 2006 – the Metro Theatre in Cow Hollow closes^[51][77]
• 2007
  • Twitter Inc. in business.^[78]
  • Noisebridge founded.^[79]
• 2008
  • Edible Schoolyard established at San Francisco Boys and Girls Club.
  • One Rincon Hill (apartment building) constructed.
  • Airbnb in business.
• 2009
  • The Millennium Tower opens, later sinking and tilting.
  • Uber begins operating.
  • FailCon begins.
  • San Francisco Appeal begins publication.^[80]
  • Sister city relationships established with Bangalore, India; and Kraków, Poland.^[59]
• 2010
  • The Bay Citizen and Ocean Beach Bulletin begin publication.^[80]
  • Population: 805,235; metro 4,335,391.^[81]
  • Sister city relationships established with Amman, Jordan; and Barcelona, Spain.^[59]
• 2011
  • January 11: Ed Lee becomes mayor.
  • November 8: San Francisco mayoral election, 2011.
  • TechCrunch Disrupt conference begins.
• 2013
  • San Francisco tech bus protests begin.
  • Civic Industries in business.^[82]
• 2014 – San Francisco Giants baseball team win World Series contest.
• 2015 – Shooting of Kathryn Steinle.
• 2020 – Orange Skies Day makes international headlines
• 2023 - Significantly high levels of crime, open-air drug use, homelessness, and closed storefronts have become more prominent features of Union Square.^[83]

• History of San Francisco
• National Register of Historic Places listings in San Francisco, California
• List of pre-statehood mayors of San Francisco
• List of mayors of San Francisco (since 1850)
• Timelines of San Francisco's sister cities: Abidjan, Amman, Barcelona, Haifa, Kraków, Manila, Osaka, Paris, Seoul, Shanghai, Sydney, Zürich
• Timeline of the San Francisco Bay Area
• Timelines of other cities in the Northern California area of California: Fresno, Mountain View, Oakland, Sacramento, San Jose

• Bogardus, John P. (1850). Bogardus' San Francisco, Sacramento city and Marysville business directory.
• Frank Soulé; John H. Gihon; James Nisbet (1855), Annals of San Francisco, New York: D. Appleton & Company, OL 13993482M
• San Francisco (article) (1870) The Overland Monthly, January 1870 Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 9–23. San Francisco: A. Roman & Co., Publishers
• Adolph Wilhelm August Friedrich von Steinwehr (1874), "San Francisco", Centennial Gazetteer of the United States, Philadelphia: J.C. McCurdy & Company
• "San Francisco", Appleton's Illustrated Hand-Book of American Cities, New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1876
• B.E. Lloyd (1876), Lights and Shades in San Francisco, San Francisco: Printed by A.L. Bancroft, OCLC 25178673, OL 271116M
• John S. Hittell (1878), A History of the City of San Francisco, San Francisco: A. L. Bancroft & Co., OL 17997645M
• San Francisco Street Directory and Guide, San Francisco: W.C. Disturnell, 1882, OL 24280093M
• Disturnell's Stranger's Guide to San Francisco and Vicinity, San Francisco: W.C. Disturnell, 1883
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• Joseph Sabin, ed. (1889). "San Francisco". Bibliotheca Americana. Vol. 18. New York. OCLC 13972268.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Bay of San Francisco, the Metropolis of the Pacific Coast and Its Suburban Cities: a History, Lewis Publishing Company, 1892, OCLC 8666576
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1900s–1940s

• Robert C. Brooks (1901), "San Francisco", Bibliography of Municipal Problems and City Conditions, Municipal Affairs, vol. 5 (2nd ed.), New York: Reform Club, OCLC 1855351
• San Francisco-Oakland Directory. Oakland: Walter S. Fry Co. 1907.
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• "San Francisco" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 144–148.
• Percy V. Long (1912). "Consolidated City and County Government of San Francisco". American Political Science Review. 6 (1): 109–121. JSTOR 4616983.
• Helen Throop Purdy (1912), San Francisco: As it Was, As It Is, and How to See It, P. Elder, OL 20459067M
• Edward Hungerford (1913), "San Francisco: the Newest Phoenix", The Personality of American Cities, New York: McBride, Nast & Company
• Frank Morton Todd (1914), Chamber of Commerce Handbook for San Francisco, San Francisco, OCLC 2650239, OL 23285599M{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Robert Ernest Cowan (1914), "San Francisco", Bibliography of the History of California and the Pacific West, 1510–1906, San Francisco: Book Club of California
• Andrew Cunningham McLaughlin and Albert Bushnell Hart, ed. (1914). "San Francisco". Cyclopedia of American Government. Vol. 3. D. Appleton and Company.
• Crocker-Langley San Francisco Directory. San Francisco: H.S. Crocker Co. 1917. hdl:2027/uc1.31158007441487.
• Samuel Williams (1921). City of the Golden Gate: A Description of San Francisco in 1875. San Francisco: Book Club of California.
• Vandegrift, Rolland A. (1922). "San Francisco" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 32 (12th ed.).
• Directorio comercial de San Francisco, California, 1924 (in Spanish), San Francisco, Calif.: Juan Anino, 1924
• Federal Writers' Project (1940), "Chronology of the San Francisco Bay Region", San Francisco: The Bay and Its Cities, American Guide Series, NY: Hastings House

1950s–1990s

• Around the world in San Francisco: a guide book to the racial and ethnic minorities of the San Francisco-Oakland district, San Francisco: Abbey Press, 1955, OL 22973852M
• Frank Mazzi (1973). "Harbingers of the City: Men and Their Monuments in Nineteenth Century San Francisco". Southern California Quarterly. 55 (2): 141–162. doi:10.2307/41170474. JSTOR 41170474.
• Robert Mayer (1974), Howard B. Furer (ed.), San Francisco: a Chronological & Documentary History, 1542–1970, American Cities Chronology Series, Dobbs Ferry, N.Y.: Oceana Publications, ISBN 0379006146
• Neil L. Shumsky (1976). "San Francisco's Workingmen Respond to the Modern City". California Historical Quarterly. 55 (1): 46–57. doi:10.2307/25157608. JSTOR 25157608.
• Maupin, Armistead (1978). Tales of the City. Harper Collins. ISBN 978-0-06-096404-7. OCLC 29847673.
• Ferlinghetti, Lawrence (1980). Literary San Francisco: A pictorial history from its beginnings to the present day. Harper & Row. ISBN 978-0-06-250325-1. OCLC 6683688.
• Ory Mazar Nergal, ed. (1980), "San Francisco", Encyclopedia of American Cities, New York: E.P. Dutton, OL 4120668M
• Margolin, Malcolm (1981). The Ohlone Way: Indian Life in the San Francisco-Monterey Bay Area. Heydey Books. ISBN 978-0-930588-01-4. OCLC 4628382.
• Joseph A. Blum (1984). "South San Francisco: The Making of an Industrial City". California History. 63 (2): 114–134. doi:10.2307/25158206. JSTOR 25158206.
• Asbury, Hubert (1989). The Barbary Coast: An Informal History of the San Francisco Underworld. Dorset Press. ISBN 978-0-88029-428-7. OCLC 22719465.
• Lotchin, Roger W. (1997). San Francisco, 1846–1856: From Hamlet to City. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-06631-3. OCLC 35650934.
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• Hartman, Chester (2002). City for Sale: The Transformation of San Francisco. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-08605-0. OCLC 48579085.
• San Francisco, Lonely Planet, 2002, OL 8647758M
• Chris Carlsson; Lisa Ruth Elliott, eds. (2010), Ten years that shook the city: San Francisco 1968–1978, San Francisco: City Lights Books, ISBN 978-1931404129
• Solnit, Rebecca. Infinite City: A San Francisco Atlas (University of California Press, 2010). 144 pp. ISBN 978-0-520-26250-8
• Richard Hu (2012), Urban Design In Downtown San Francisco: A Paradigm Shift? – via International Planning History Society
• Erica J. Peters (2013). San Francisco: A Food Biography. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0759121539.
• Susan Crawford; et al. (2014), Community Fiber in Washington, D.C., Seattle, WA, and San Francisco, CA: Developments and Lessons Learned, Berkman Center Research Publication, SSRN 2439429 – via Social Science Research Network
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• "Decades". Found SF. Shaping San Francisco.
• Digital Public Library of America. Items related to San Francisco, various dates
• Noah Veltman. "History of SF Place Names".

37°47′00″N 122°25′00″W / 37.783333°N 122.416667°W / 37.783333; -122.416667