Tsum | |
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Tsumke | |
Region | Nepal |
Native speakers | 4,800 (2000 census)[1] |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | ttz |
Glottolog | tsum1240 |
ELP | Tsum |
Tsum is a language from the subgroup of Tibetic languages[2] spoken by the Tsum people primarily in the Tsum Valley of the Gorka DistrictofNepal. The language is also known as Tsumke.[3]
There are over 4000 speakers of Tsum, known as Tsumpas.[4] Many speakers of the language have migrated away from the Tsum valley, and now live in Kathmandu and abroad. Younger Tsumpas are more likely to be educated in Nepali and English, leading to attrition of the language.[3]
Tsum has a two-tone language system.
There is a varying degree of mutual intelligibility between Tsum and other Kyirong-Yolmo varieties. It is most closely related to Nubri and Gyalsumdo, and more distantly related to other languages in the family.[5]
Sino-Tibetan branches
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Western Himalayas (Himachal, Uttarakhand, Nepal, Sikkim) |
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Eastern Himalayas (Tibet, Bhutan, Arunachal) |
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Myanmar and Indo-Burmese border |
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East and Southeast Asia |
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Dubious (possible isolates) (Arunachal) |
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Proposed groupings |
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Proto-languages |
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Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches. |
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West Himalayish (Kanauric) |
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Bodish |
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Tamangic |
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