オバマ属

Obama
	Obama ficki
分類
学名
	Obama; Carbayo et al., 2013

オバマ属︵Obama︶は、南アメリカに分布するリクウズムシ科の属。都市など人工的な環境にも生息し^[1]、Obama nungara はヨーロッパにも移入されている^[2]。リクウズムシの中ではコウガイビルに次いで代表的である。

名称[編集]

属名はトゥピ語のOba(葉) とma(動物)の合成語で、葉のように扁平な体の形に由来する^[3]。

形態[編集]

体は葉のように扁平で、ほとんどの種は体長約10 cmだが、20 cmを超える種もいる。体には数百の目があり、目は単純な円形の種や、三叉型の種もいる^[3]。雄は心房全体を占めるほどの陰茎を持つ^[4^]。陰茎の形状の違いにより系統が分けられ、非対称の陰茎を持つ10種は単系統のクレードを形成している^[5]。対して対称的な陰茎を持つグループは側系統群であり、属内でも原始的である^[5]。

種類[編集]

●Obama allandra Marques, Rossi, Valiati & Leal-Zanchet, 2018^[4] ●Obama anthropophila Amaral, Leal-Zanchet & Carbayo, 2015 ●Obama apeva (Froehlich, 1959) ●Obama apiguara Oliveira, Almeida & Carbayo, 2020 ●Obama applanata (Graff, 1899) ●Obama argus (Graff, 1899) ●Obama assu (Froehlich, 1959) ●Obama aureolineata Iturralde & Leal-Zanchet, 2021^[6] ●Obama autumna Iturralde & Leal-Zanchet, 2021^[6] ●Obama baptistae (Leal-Zanchet & Oliveira, 2012) ●Obama braunsi (Graff, 1899) ●Obama burmeisteri (Schultze & Müller, 1857) ジオプラナ・ブルメイステリ ●Obama carbayoi (Oliveira & Leal-Zanchet, 2012) ●Obama carinata (Riester, 1938) ●Obama carrierei (Graff, 1897) ●Obama catharina (Hyman, 1957) ●Obama decidualis Amaral & Leal-Zanchet, 2015 ●Obama dictyonota (Riester, 1938) ●Obama divae (Marcus, 1951) ●Obama eudoxiae (Ogren & Kawakatsu, 1990) ●Obama eudoximariae (Ogren & Kawakatsu, 1990) ●Obama evelinae (Marcus, 1951) ●Obama ferussaci (Graff, 1897) ●Obama ficki (Amaral & Leal-Zanchet, 2012) ●Obama fryi (Graff, 1899) ●Obama glieschi (Froehlich, 1959) ●Obama itatiayana (Schirch, 1929) ●Obama josefi (Carbayo & Leal-Zanchet, 2001) ●Obama ladislavii (Graff, 1899) ジオプラナ・ラディスラビー ●Obama leticiae Iturralde & Leal-Zanchet, 2021^[6] ●Obama livia (E. M. Froehlich, 1955) ●Obama maculatentis Negrete, Gira & Brusa, 2019^[7] ●Obama maculipunctata Rossi, Amaral, Ribeiro, Cauduro, Fick, Valiati & Leal-Zanchet, 2015 ●Obama marmorata (Schultze & Müller, 1857) ●Obama metzi (Graff, 1899) ●Obama nungara Carbayo, Álvarez-Presas, Jones & Riutort, 2016^[2] ジオプラナ・ヌンガラ ●Obama otavioi Carbayo, 2016 ●Obama poca (Froehlich, 1958) ●Obama polyophthalma (Graff, 1899) ●Obama riesteri (Froehlich, 1955) ●Obama rufiventris (Schultze & Müller, 1857) ●Obama ruiva (E. M. Froehlich, 1972) ●Obama schubarti (Froehlich, 1958) ●Obama tribalis Marques, Rossi, Valiati & Leal-Zanchet, 2018^[4] ●Obama trigueira (E. M. Froehlich, 1955)

分類と系統[編集]

上から順にO. ladislavii、O. anthropophila、O. nungara

Geoplaninae 内の系統解析により、Geoplana 属は側系統群であると判明し、本属が独立した^[3]。Cratera 属は姉妹群である^[3]^[8]。

系統樹[編集]

いくつかの分子系統解析による^[2]^[3]^[5]^[8]。

Obama baptistae

Obama braunsi

	Obama apeva

	Obama ficki

Obama fryi

Obama eudoximariae

Obama carinata

Obama itatiayana

Obama burmeisteri

Obama maculipunctata

	Obama applanata

	Obama argus sensu Graff, 1899

Obama argus sensu Schirch, 1929

Obama ladislavii

Obama nungara

Obama otavioi

Obama josefi

Obama marmorata

	Obama anthropophila

	Obama decidualis

脚注　[編集]

^ Boll, Piter Kehoma; Leal-Zanchet, Ana Maria (2016). “Preference for different prey allows the coexistence of several land planarians in areas of the Atlantic Forest”. Zoology 119 (3): 162–168. doi:10.1016/j.zool.2016.04.002. ISSN 0944-2006. PMID 27156235.
^ ^a ^b ^c Carbayo, Fernando; Álvarez-Presas, Marta; Jones, Hugh D.; Riutort, Marta (2016). “The true identity of Obama (Platyhelminthes: Geoplanidae) flatworm spreading across Europe”. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 177 (1): 5–28. doi:10.1111/zoj.12358. ISSN 0024-4082.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Carbayo, F.; Álvarez-Presas, M.; Olivares, C. U. T.; Marques, F. P. L.; Froehlich, E. X. M.; Riutort, M. (2013). “Molecular phylogeny of Geoplaninae (Platyhelminthes) challenges current classification: Proposal of taxonomic actions”. Zoologica Scripta 42 (5): 508–528. doi:10.1111/zsc.12019.
^ ^a ^b ^c Marques, Alessandro; Rossi, Ilana; Valiati, Victor Hugo; Leal-Zanchet, Ana Maria (2018). “Integrative approach reveals two new species of Obama (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) from the South-Brazilian Atlantic Forest”. Zootaxa 4455 (1): 99–126. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4455.1.4. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 30314222.
^ ^a ^b ^c Carbayo, Fernando; Francoy, Tiago M.; Giribet, Gonzalo (2016). “Non-destructive imaging to describe a new species of Obama land planarian (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida)”. Zoologica Scripta 45 (5): 566–578. doi:10.1111/zsc.12175. ISSN 0300-3256.
^ ^a ^b ^c Iturralde, Giuly G.; Allgayer, Heloísa; Valiati, Victor H.; Leal-Zanchet, Ana M. (2021). “Seeing the true colours: three new species of Obama (Platyhelminthes : Continenticola) from remnants of Atlantic forest in southern Brazil based on an integrative approach”. Invertebrate Systematics 34: 312–331. doi:10.1071/IS20043.
^ Negrete, Lisandro; Gira, Rafael Díaz; Brusa, Francisco (2019). “Two new species of land planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Geoplanidae) from protected areas in the southern extreme of the Paranaense Rainforest, Argentina”. Zoologischer Anzeiger 279: 38–51. doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2019.01.002. ISSN 00445231.
^ ^a ^b Rossi, Ilana; Amaral, Silvana Vargas; Ribeiro, Giovana Gamino; Cauduro, Guilherme Pinto; Fick, Israel; Valiati, Victor Hugo; Leal-Zanchet, Ana Maria (2015). “Two new Geoplaninae species (Platyhelminthes: Continenticola) from Southern Brazil based on an integrative taxonomic approach”. Journal of Natural History 50 (13–14): 787–815. doi:10.1080/00222933.2015.1084057. ISSN 0022-2933. https://zenodo.org/record/3990049.