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ベイト・ボール

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』
カスミアジ(捕食者)とアンチョビ(被捕食者)
Bar jackアジ)とベイト・ボール

:bait ball, baitball

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10-20m

10m

10


[]


使1[1] [2][3] [4][5][6]

[7]

[]


2001,  Clua, Grosvalet 4[8]

preparation phase

intensification phase

mature phase

dispersion phase

[]



[]




 lunge feed[9] [10]


 lunge feeding
bubble net 
Photo of several whales each with only its head visible above the surface
 bubble net feeding

bubble net feeding  bubble net[11]lunge feed [12] [13] [14][15] 

 lobtail)[16] 

[17][18]



[19] [20]



[]




[21]



[22] 使[22]





carousel feeding[23]



[24][25]





[26] [27]

[]




30m(10)86km(53)34m(111)[28][29]



脚注[編集]

出典[編集]

  1. ^ Megurran, AE (1990) "The adaptive significance of schooling as an anti-predator defense in fish" Annales Zooligici Fennici, 27: 51-66.
  2. ^ Partridge BL (1982) "The structure and function of fish schools" Archived 2011年7月3日, at the Wayback Machine. Scientific American, 246(6) 114–123.
  3. ^ Magurran AE and Pitcher TJ (1987) "Provenance, shoal size and the sociobiology of predator-evasion behaviour in minnow shoals" Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B, 229(1257): 439-465. doi:10.1098/rspb.1987.000
  4. ^ Reynolds CW (1987) "Flocks, herds and schools: A distributed behavioral model" Computer Graphics, 21(4), 25–34. doi:10.1145/37401.37406
  5. ^ Parrish JK , Viscido SV and Grunbaumb D (2002) "Self-organized fish schools: An examination of emergent properties" Biol. Bull. 202: 296 –305.
  6. ^ Seifert DD (2010) Water Column: Finishing School Archived 2010年1月24日, at the Wayback Machine. November 2010, Dive Magazine UK.
  7. ^ Hamilton WD (1971) "Geometry for the selfish herd" Archived 2011年7月21日, at the Wayback Machine. Journal of Theoretical Biology 31: 295-311.
  8. ^ Clua and Grosvalet F (2001) "Mixed-species feeding aggregation of dolphins, large tunas and seabirds in the Azores" Aquatic Living Resources, 14(1): 11 - 18. doi:10.1016/S0990-7440(00)01097-4
  9. ^ Reeves RR, Stewart BS, Clapham PJ and Powell J A (2002) National Audubon Society Guide to Marine Mammals of the World Chanticleer Press. ISBN 9780375411410=.
  10. ^ Potvin J and Goldbogen JA (2009) "Passive versus active engulfment: verdict from trajectory simulations of lunge-feeding fin whales Balaenoptera physalus J. R. Soc. Interface, 6(40): 1005–1025. doi:10.1098/rsif.2008.0492
  11. ^ Bubble net feeding Archived 2011年9月3日, at the Wayback Machine. Alaska Whale Foundation. Retrieved 31 March 2011.
  12. ^ Hain JHW, Carter GR, Krau, SD, Mayo CA and Winn HE (1982) "Feeding behaviour of the humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae, in the Western North Atlantic". Fishery Bulletin, 80: 259–268.
  13. ^ Sharpe FA and Dill LM (1997) "The behavior of Pacific herring schools in response to artificial humpback whale bubbles" Canadian Journal of Zoology, Can J Zool, 75:725–730.
  14. ^ Acklin, Deb (2005年8月5日). “Crittercam Reveals Secrets of the Marine World”. National Geographic News. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/06/0624_020624_TVbubble.html 2007年11月1日閲覧。 
  15. ^ Prepared by the Humpback Whale Recovery Team for the National Marine Fisheries Service, Silver Spring, Maryland (1991). Recovery Plan for the Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae). National Marine Fisheries Service. pp. 105 
  16. ^ Weinrich MT, Schilling MR and Belt CR (1992) "Evidence for acquisition of a novel feeding behaviour: lobtail feeding in humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae" Animal Behaviour, 44: 1059–1072. doi:10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80318-5
  17. ^ Arnold PW, Birtles RA, Sobtzick S, Matthews M and Dunstan A (2005) "Gulping behaviour in rorqual whales: underwater observations and functional interpretation" Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 51, 309–332
  18. ^ Goldbogen JA, Calambokidis J, Shadwick RE, Oleson EM, McDonald MA and Hildebrand J A (2006) "Kinematics of foraging dives and lunge-feeding in fin whales" Journal of Experimental Biology, 209, 1231–1244.
  19. ^ Coastal Stock(s) of Atlantic Bottlenose Dolphin: Status Review and Management Proceedings and Recommendations from a Workshop held in Beaufort, North Carolina, 13 September 1993 – 14 September 1993, http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/pdfs/species/coastalbottlenosestock.pdf, U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service
  20. ^ Neumann D R and Orams MB (2003) "Feeding behaviours of short-beaked common dolphins, Delphinus delphis, in New Zealand". Aquatic Mammals, 29: 137–149.
  21. ^ Helfman GS, Collette BB and Facey DE (1997) The diversity of fishes Page 326, Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 9780865422568.
  22. ^ a b Seitz, J.C. Pelagic Thresher. Florida Museum of Natural History. Retrieved on December 22, 2008.
  23. ^ http://rparticle.web-p.cisti.nrc.ca/rparticle/AbstractTemplateServlet?calyLang=eng&journal=cjz&volume=71&year=1993&issue=8&msno=z93-210[リンク切れ], 1993, Surface and underwater observations of cooperatively feeding killer whales
  24. ^ Compagno, L.J.V. (1984). Sharks of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization. pp. 466–468. ISBN 9251013845 
  25. ^ Carcharhinus brevipinna, Spinner Shark”. MarineBio.org. 2009年5月9日閲覧。
  26. ^ Bonfil, R. (2008). “The Biology and Ecology of the Silky Shark, Carcharhinus falciformis”. In Camhi, M., Pikitch, E.K. and Babcock, E.A.. Sharks of the Open Ocean: Biology, Fisheries and Conservation. Blackwell Science. pp. 114–127. ISBN 0632059958 
  27. ^ Martin, R.A. Open Ocean: Silky Shark. ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research. Retrieved on September 12, 2009.
  28. ^ Ropert-Coudert Y, Gremillet D, Ryan P, Kato A, Naito Y and Le Maho Y (2004) "Between air and water: the plunge dive of the Cape Gannet Morus capensis" Ibis , 146: 281–290.
  29. ^ Brierley AS and Fernandes PJ (2001) "Diving depths of Northern Gannets: acoustic observations of Sula bassana from an autonomous underwater vehicle". Auk, 118: 529–534.

関連項目[編集]

参考文献[編集]

外部リンク[編集]


画像外部リンク
Bait ball symphony
Cooperative hunting by sailfish
Bronze whalers charge a baitball - Nature's finest caught on camera BBC News, 21 October 2004.
映像外部リンク
Fish bait ball in open water Blue Planet, BBC
Bait Ball Feast The Great Feast, BBC
Bluefin tuna eat bait ball National Geographic
Shearwater attack! - Blue Planet BBC Wildlife
Amazing bait balls & predatory fishermen BBC
Marlin feeding on sardine ball YouTube