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Rescuing 20 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.2
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| fast-unit = GHz<ref name="Ars_iPhone7-7 Plus">{{cite news|last1=Cunningham|first1=Andrew|title=iPhone 7 and 7 Plus review: Great annual upgrades with one major catch|url=https://arstechnica.com/apple/2016/09/iphone-7-and-7-plus-review-great-annual-upgrades-with-one-major-catch/|access-date=September 14, 2016|publisher=[[Ars Technica]]|date=September 13, 2016}}</ref> |
| fast-unit = GHz<ref name="Ars_iPhone7-7 Plus">{{cite news|last1=Cunningham|first1=Andrew|title=iPhone 7 and 7 Plus review: Great annual upgrades with one major catch|url=https://arstechnica.com/apple/2016/09/iphone-7-and-7-plus-review-great-annual-upgrades-with-one-major-catch/|access-date=September 14, 2016|publisher=[[Ars Technica]]|date=September 13, 2016|archive-date=September 13, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913233844/http://arstechnica.com/apple/2016/09/iphone-7-and-7-plus-review-great-annual-upgrades-with-one-major-catch/|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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| size-from = 16FFC nm |
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| l3cache = 4 MB shared |
| l3cache = 4 MB shared |
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| application = Mobile |
| application = Mobile |
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| gpu = Custom [[PowerVR#Series 7XT|PowerVR Series 7XT GT7600 Plus]] (hexa-core, internal name - Apple G9) <ref name="iPhone 7 GPU breakdown">{{cite web |url=http://wccftech.com/apple-a10-fusion-gpu-breakdown/ |title=iPhone 7 GPU breakdown |publisher=Wccftech |date=December 2016}}</ref><ref name="Mysteries of Apple A10 GPU">{{cite web |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/3146630/mobile/the-mysteries-of-the-gpu-in-apples-iphone-7-are-unlocked.html |title=Mysteries of Apple A10 GPU |publisher=PC World |date=December 2016}}</ref> |
| gpu = Custom [[PowerVR#Series 7XT|PowerVR Series 7XT GT7600 Plus]] (hexa-core, internal name - Apple G9) <ref name="iPhone 7 GPU breakdown">{{cite web |url=http://wccftech.com/apple-a10-fusion-gpu-breakdown/ |title=iPhone 7 GPU breakdown |publisher=Wccftech |date=December 2016 |access-date=2017-02-01 |archive-date=2016-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161205153848/http://wccftech.com/apple-a10-fusion-gpu-breakdown/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Mysteries of Apple A10 GPU">{{cite web |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/3146630/mobile/the-mysteries-of-the-gpu-in-apples-iphone-7-are-unlocked.html |title=Mysteries of Apple A10 GPU |publisher=PC World |date=December 2016 |access-date=2017-02-01 |archive-date=2017-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128024848/http://pcworld.com/article/3146630/mobile/the-mysteries-of-the-gpu-in-apples-iphone-7-are-unlocked.html |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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| predecessor = [[Apple A9]] |
| predecessor = [[Apple A9]] |
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| successor = [[Apple A11]] |
| successor = [[Apple A11]] |
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The '''Apple A10 Fusion''' is a [[64-bit computing|64-bit]] [[ARMv8-A|ARM-based]] [[system on a chip]] (SoC), designed by [[Apple Inc.]] and manufactured by [[TSMC]]. It first appeared in the [[iPhone 7]] and 7 Plus which were introduced on September 7, 2016,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1330418|title=Apple Debuts Three Custom Chips - EE Times|website=EETimes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/10658/apple-announces-iphone-7-iphone-7-plus-a10-fusion-soc-new-camera-wide-color-gamut-preorders-start-sept-9th|title=Apple Announces iPhone 7 & iPhone 7 Plus: A10 Fusion SoC, New Camera, Wide Color Gamut, Preorders Start Sept. 9th|first=Ryan|last=Smith|publisher=Anandtech |
The '''Apple A10 Fusion''' is a [[64-bit computing|64-bit]] [[ARMv8-A|ARM-based]] [[system on a chip]] (SoC), designed by [[Apple Inc.]] and manufactured by [[TSMC]]. It first appeared in the [[iPhone 7]] and 7 Plus which were introduced on September 7, 2016,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1330418|title=Apple Debuts Three Custom Chips - EE Times|website=EETimes|access-date=2016-09-07|archive-date=2016-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160908185636/http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1330418|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/10658/apple-announces-iphone-7-iphone-7-plus-a10-fusion-soc-new-camera-wide-color-gamut-preorders-start-sept-9th|title=Apple Announces iPhone 7 & iPhone 7 Plus: A10 Fusion SoC, New Camera, Wide Color Gamut, Preorders Start Sept. 9th|first=Ryan|last=Smith|publisher=Anandtech|access-date=2016-09-07|archive-date=2016-09-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160909153914/http://www.anandtech.com/show/10658/apple-announces-iphone-7-iphone-7-plus-a10-fusion-soc-new-camera-wide-color-gamut-preorders-start-sept-9th|url-status=live}}</ref> and is used in the [[iPad (2018)|sixth generation iPad]], [[iPad (2019)|seventh generation iPad]], and [[iPod Touch (7th generation)|seventh generation iPod Touch]]. The A10 is the first Apple-designed quad-core SoC, with two high-performance cores and two energy-efficient cores. Apple states that it has 40% greater CPU performance and 50% greater graphics performance compared to its predecessor, the [[Apple A9]]. The [[Apple T2]] chip is based on the A10.<ref>{{cite web| title=Hackers claim they can now jailbreak Apple's T2 security chip| date=October 6, 2020| url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/hackers-claim-they-can-now-jailbreak-apples-t2-security-chip/| website=[[ZDNET]]| access-date=May 21, 2021| archive-date=May 6, 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506125524/https://www.zdnet.com/article/hackers-claim-they-can-now-jailbreak-apples-t2-security-chip/| url-status=live}}</ref> On May 10, 2022, the [[IPod Touch (7th generation)|iPod Touch 7th generation]] was discontinued, ending production of A10 Fusion chips.<ref>{{cite web| title=Apple discontinues iPod touch, ending 20 year run of iconic ‘iPod’ brand| date=May 10, 2022| url=https://9to5mac.com/2022/05/10/apple-discontinues-ipod-touch/| website=[[9to5Mac]]| access-date=May 10, 2022| archive-date=May 10, 2022| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510161032/https://9to5mac.com/2022/05/10/apple-discontinues-ipod-touch/| url-status=live}}</ref> The latest software updates for the [[IPhone 7|iPhone 7 & 7 Plus]] including the [[IPod Touch (7th generation)|iPod Touch 7th generation]] variants systems using this chip are [[IOS 15|iOS 15.7]], released on September 12, 2022 as they were discontinued with the release of [[iOS 16]] in 2022, while updates for the iPad ([[iPad (6th generation)|6th]] & [[iPad (7th generation)|7th generation]]) variants systems using this chip are still supported. |
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== Design == |
== Design == |
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The A10 (internally, T8010) is built on TSMC's 16 nm [[FinFET]] process<ref name='chipworks'>{{cite web |url=http://www.chipworks.com/about-chipworks/overview/blog/apple-iphone-7-teardown |title=Apple iPhone 7 Teardown |website=techinsights.com |access-date=2016-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916230725/http://www.chipworks.com/about-chipworks/overview/blog/apple-iphone-7-teardown |archive-date=2016-09-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name='anand'>{{cite news|last1=Smith|first1=Ryan|title=Early iPhone 7 Teardowns: Intel and Qualcom Modems, TSMC SoC, and 2 to 3 GB of RAM|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/10687/early-iphone-7-teardown-modems-and-more|access-date=September 16, 2016|publisher=Anandtech|date=September 16, 2016}}</ref> and contains 3.28 billion transistors (including the GPU and caches) on a die size of 125 mm<sup>2</sup>.<ref name="a10size" /> It features two Apple-designed 64-bit 2.34 GHz [[ARMv8-A]] cores called '''Hurricane''', each with a die size of 4.18 mm<sup>2</sup>. As the first Apple-produced quad-core SoC, it has two high-performance cores designed for demanding tasks like gaming, while also featuring two energy-efficient Apple-designed 64-bit 1.05 GHz cores codenamed '''Zephyr''' at 0.78 mm<sup>2</sup><ref name="a10size">{{cite news |url=https://wccftech.com/apple-a10-fusion-cores-bigger-than-competition/ |title=Apple A10 Fusion Are Bigger Than the Competition – Apple Designing Bigger Cores for Better Performance? |date=Oct 22, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |
The A10 (internally, T8010) is built on TSMC's 16 nm [[FinFET]] process<ref name='chipworks'>{{cite web |url=http://www.chipworks.com/about-chipworks/overview/blog/apple-iphone-7-teardown |title=Apple iPhone 7 Teardown |website=techinsights.com |access-date=2016-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916230725/http://www.chipworks.com/about-chipworks/overview/blog/apple-iphone-7-teardown |archive-date=2016-09-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name='anand'>{{cite news|last1=Smith|first1=Ryan|title=Early iPhone 7 Teardowns: Intel and Qualcom Modems, TSMC SoC, and 2 to 3 GB of RAM|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/10687/early-iphone-7-teardown-modems-and-more|access-date=September 16, 2016|publisher=Anandtech|date=September 16, 2016|archive-date=September 16, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916144110/http://www.anandtech.com/show/10687/early-iphone-7-teardown-modems-and-more|url-status=live}}</ref> and contains 3.28 billion transistors (including the GPU and caches) on a die size of 125 mm<sup>2</sup>.<ref name="a10size" /> It features two Apple-designed 64-bit 2.34 GHz [[ARMv8-A]] cores called '''Hurricane''', each with a die size of 4.18 mm<sup>2</sup>. As the first Apple-produced quad-core SoC, it has two high-performance cores designed for demanding tasks like gaming, while also featuring two energy-efficient Apple-designed 64-bit 1.05 GHz cores codenamed '''Zephyr''' at 0.78 mm<sup>2</sup><ref name="a10size">{{cite news |url=https://wccftech.com/apple-a10-fusion-cores-bigger-than-competition/ |title=Apple A10 Fusion Are Bigger Than the Competition – Apple Designing Bigger Cores for Better Performance? |date=Oct 22, 2016 |access-date=October 25, 2016 |archive-date=October 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023182827/https://wccftech.com/apple-a10-fusion-cores-bigger-than-competition/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |
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|url=http://blogs.barrons.com/techtraderdaily/2016/10/21/apples-a10-iphone-chip-smokes-the-competition-says-linley-group/ |
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|title=Apple's 'A10′ iPhone Chip Smokes the Competition, Says Linley Group |
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|first=Tiernan |
|first=Tiernan |
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|last=Ray |
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|work=Tech Trader Daily |
|work=Tech Trader Daily |
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|date=October 21, 2016 |
|date=October 21, 2016 |
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|quote=The [[Linley Group]] notes Apple's "A10″ CPU cores, Hurricane and Zephyr, are quite a bit bigger than those of competing mobile chips. <!--Interestingly, he finds, too, that “Apple’s new CPU actually compares better against Intel’s (INTC) mainstream x86 cores.” The A10 can deliver “nearly identical performance” to Intel’s “Skylake” generation of “Core” processors. The difference, of course, is that Intel PC chips don’t operate within the battery constraints of the A10. |
|quote=The [[Linley Group]] notes Apple's "A10″ CPU cores, Hurricane and Zephyr, are quite a bit bigger than those of competing mobile chips. <!--Interestingly, he finds, too, that “Apple’s new CPU actually compares better against Intel’s (INTC) mainstream x86 cores.” The A10 can deliver “nearly identical performance” to Intel’s “Skylake” generation of “Core” processors. The difference, of course, is that Intel PC chips don’t operate within the battery constraints of the A10. |
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Gwennap ends on an ominous note for Intel: “Apple’s CPU prowess is beginning to rival Intel’s. In fact, the new Hurricane could easily support products such as the MacBook Air that today use lower-speed Intel chips.”-- |
Gwennap ends on an ominous note for Intel: “Apple’s CPU prowess is beginning to rival Intel’s. In fact, the new Hurricane could easily support products such as the MacBook Air that today use lower-speed Intel chips.”--> |
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|access-date=October 25, 2016 |
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|archive-date=October 22, 2016 |
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|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022161843/http://blogs.barrons.com/techtraderdaily/2016/10/21/apples-a10-iphone-chip-smokes-the-competition-says-linley-group/ |
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|url-status=live |
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}}</ref> for normal tasks in a configuration similar to the [[ARM big.LITTLE]] technology.<ref name="anand_review">{{cite web|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/10685/the-iphone-7-and-iphone-7-plus-review/3|title=The Apple iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus Review|publisher=AnandTech|access-date=October 11, 2016|archive-date=October 11, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011130507/http://www.anandtech.com/show/10685/the-iphone-7-and-iphone-7-plus-review/3|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/09/07/apples-a10-fusion-optimizes-power-consumption-to-give-you-more-battery-life/|title=Apple A10 Fusion|publisher=TechCrunch|access-date=September 7, 2016|archive-date=September 11, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911003442/https://techcrunch.com/2016/09/07/apples-a10-fusion-optimizes-power-consumption-to-give-you-more-battery-life/|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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Unlike most implementations of big.LITTLE, such as the Snapdragon 820 or Exynos 8890, only one core type can be active at a time, either the high-performance or low-power cores, but not both.<ref name="Ars_iPhone7-7 Plus" /><ref name="anand_review" /> Thus, the A10 Fusion appears to software and benchmarks as a dual core chip. Apple claims that the high-performance cores are 40% faster than Apple's previous A9 processor and that the two high-efficiency cores consume 20% of the power of the high performance Hurricane cores;<ref name="zdnet">{{cite news |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/a10-fusion-the-silicon-powering-apples-new-iphone-7-and-iphone-7-plus/ |title=A10 Fusion: The silicon powering Apple's new iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus: The A10 Fusion doesn't offer as big a jump in performance as last year's A9, but it's still an impressive piece of silicon. |first=Adrian |last=Kingsley-Hughes |date=September 8, 2016}}</ref> they are used when performing simple tasks, such as checking email. A new performance controller decides in realtime which pair of cores should run for a given task in order to optimize for performance or battery life. The A10 has an [[CPU cache#Multi-level caches|L1 cache]] of 64 [[Kibibyte|KB]] for data and 64 KB for instructions, an [[L2 cache]] of 3 [[Mebibyte|MB]]<ref name="andauth_10cache">{{cite news|last1=Sims|first1=Gary|title=Why are Apple's chips faster than Qualcomm's? - Gary explains|url=https://www.androidauthority.com/why-are-apples-chips-faster-than-qualcomms-gary-explains-802738/|website=Android Authority|access-date=4 May 2018|date=2 October 2017}}</ref> shared by both cores, and a 4 MB<ref name="andauth_10cache" /> L3 cache that services the entire SoC. |
Unlike most implementations of big.LITTLE, such as the Snapdragon 820 or Exynos 8890, only one core type can be active at a time, either the high-performance or low-power cores, but not both.<ref name="Ars_iPhone7-7 Plus" /><ref name="anand_review" /> Thus, the A10 Fusion appears to software and benchmarks as a dual core chip. Apple claims that the high-performance cores are 40% faster than Apple's previous A9 processor and that the two high-efficiency cores consume 20% of the power of the high performance Hurricane cores;<ref name="zdnet">{{cite news |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/a10-fusion-the-silicon-powering-apples-new-iphone-7-and-iphone-7-plus/ |title=A10 Fusion: The silicon powering Apple's new iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus: The A10 Fusion doesn't offer as big a jump in performance as last year's A9, but it's still an impressive piece of silicon. |first=Adrian |last=Kingsley-Hughes |date=September 8, 2016 |access-date=October 25, 2016 |archive-date=September 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160909141333/https://www.zdnet.com/article/a10-fusion-the-silicon-powering-apples-new-iphone-7-and-iphone-7-plus/ |url-status=live }}</ref> they are used when performing simple tasks, such as checking email. A new performance controller decides in realtime which pair of cores should run for a given task in order to optimize for performance or battery life. The A10 has an [[CPU cache#Multi-level caches|L1 cache]] of 64 [[Kibibyte|KB]] for data and 64 KB for instructions, an [[L2 cache]] of 3 [[Mebibyte|MB]]<ref name="andauth_10cache">{{cite news|last1=Sims|first1=Gary|title=Why are Apple's chips faster than Qualcomm's? - Gary explains|url=https://www.androidauthority.com/why-are-apples-chips-faster-than-qualcomms-gary-explains-802738/|website=Android Authority|access-date=4 May 2018|date=2 October 2017|archive-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315141226/https://www.androidauthority.com/why-are-apples-chips-faster-than-qualcomms-gary-explains-802738/|url-status=live}}</ref> shared by both cores, and a 4 MB<ref name="andauth_10cache" /> L3 cache that services the entire SoC. |
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The new 6-core @ 900 MHz GPU built into the A10 chip is 50% faster while consuming 66% of the power of its A9 predecessor. Further analysis has suggested that Apple has kept the GT7600 used in Apple A9, but replaced portions of the [[PowerVR]] based GPU with its own proprietary designs.<ref name="iPhone 7 GPU breakdown"/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Manion|first1=Wayne|title=Real World Technologies dissects Apple's A10 GPU|url=https://techreport.com/news/30893/real-world-technologies-dissects-apple-a10-gpu|access-date=23 November 2016|publisher=TechReport.com|date=31 October 2016}}</ref> These changes appear to be using lower [[half-precision]] floating-point numbers, allowing for higher-performance and lower power consumption. |
The new 6-core @ 900 MHz GPU built into the A10 chip is 50% faster while consuming 66% of the power of its A9 predecessor. Further analysis has suggested that Apple has kept the GT7600 used in Apple A9, but replaced portions of the [[PowerVR]] based GPU with its own proprietary designs.<ref name="iPhone 7 GPU breakdown"/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Manion|first1=Wayne|title=Real World Technologies dissects Apple's A10 GPU|url=https://techreport.com/news/30893/real-world-technologies-dissects-apple-a10-gpu|access-date=23 November 2016|publisher=TechReport.com|date=31 October 2016|archive-date=1 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101113517/https://techreport.com/news/30893/real-world-technologies-dissects-apple-a10-gpu|url-status=live}}</ref> These changes appear to be using lower [[half-precision]] floating-point numbers, allowing for higher-performance and lower power consumption. |
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Embedded in the A10 is the M10 [[Apple motion coprocessors|motion coprocessor]].<ref name="Apple iPhone 7 Tech Specs">{{cite web |url=https://www.apple.com/iphone-7/specs/|title=iPhone 7 - Technical Specifications |publisher=Apple |date=September 7, 2016 |access-date=October 25, 2017}}</ref> The A10 also includes a new [[image processor]] which Apple says has twice the throughput of the prior image processor.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1330418|title=Apple Debuts Three Custom Chips|first=Rick|last=Merritt|publisher=[[EE Times]]|date=September 7, 2016|access-date=October 25, 2017}}</ref> |
Embedded in the A10 is the M10 [[Apple motion coprocessors|motion coprocessor]].<ref name="Apple iPhone 7 Tech Specs">{{cite web |url=https://www.apple.com/iphone-7/specs/ |title=iPhone 7 - Technical Specifications |publisher=Apple |date=September 7, 2016 |access-date=October 25, 2017 |archive-date=September 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160908033647/https://www.apple.com/iphone-7/specs/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The A10 also includes a new [[image processor]] which Apple says has twice the throughput of the prior image processor.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1330418|title=Apple Debuts Three Custom Chips|first=Rick|last=Merritt|publisher=[[EE Times]]|date=September 7, 2016|access-date=October 25, 2017|archive-date=September 13, 2016|archive-url=https://archive.today/20160913101923/http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1330418|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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The A10 adds hardware encoding for [[HEIF]] and [[High Efficiency Video Coding|HEVC]] [[Color depth|(8/10bit)]].<ref>[http://www.flatpanelshd.com/news.php?subaction=showfull&id=1496905696 Apple has chosen HEVC as its next-generation video codec]. 8 June 2017.</ref> It has decoding support for HEVC, H.264, MPEG‑4 Part 2, and Motion JPEG.<ref>{{Cite web|title=iPhone 7 - Technical Specifications|url=https://support.apple.com/kb/SP743?locale=en_US|access-date=2021-10-24|website=support.apple.com}}</ref> Decoding of VP8 and VP9 is also supported but unofficial. AV1 is not supported by hardware acceleration.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cpu-monkey.com/de/compare_cpu-apple_a15_bionic-2130-vs-apple_a10_fusion-1656|title |
The A10 adds hardware encoding for [[HEIF]] and [[High Efficiency Video Coding|HEVC]] [[Color depth|(8/10bit)]].<ref>[http://www.flatpanelshd.com/news.php?subaction=showfull&id=1496905696 Apple has chosen HEVC as its next-generation video codec] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913135041/http://www.flatpanelshd.com/news.php?subaction=showfull&id=1496905696 |date=2017-09-13 }}. 8 June 2017.</ref> It has decoding support for HEVC, H.264, MPEG‑4 Part 2, and Motion JPEG.<ref>{{Cite web|title=iPhone 7 - Technical Specifications|url=https://support.apple.com/kb/SP743?locale=en_US|access-date=2021-10-24|website=support.apple.com|archive-date=2022-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318142910/https://support.apple.com/kb/SP743?locale=en_US|url-status=live}}</ref> Decoding of VP8 and VP9 is also supported but unofficial. AV1 is not supported by hardware acceleration.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cpu-monkey.com/de/compare_cpu-apple_a15_bionic-2130-vs-apple_a10_fusion-1656|title=Apple A15 Bionic vs. Apple A10 Fusion - Benchmark, Test und Technische Daten|access-date=2021-10-25|archive-date=2021-10-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025160645/https://www.cpu-monkey.com/de/compare_cpu-apple_a15_bionic-2130-vs-apple_a10_fusion-1656|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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The A10 is packaged in a new InFO packaging from TSMC which reduces the height of the package. In the same package there are also four [[LPDDR4]] RAM chips integrating 2 GB of RAM in the iPhone 7, the iPad 6th generation, and the iPod touch 7th generation, or 3 GB in the iPhone 7 Plus and the iPad 7th generation. |
The A10 is packaged in a new InFO packaging from TSMC which reduces the height of the package. In the same package there are also four [[LPDDR4]] RAM chips integrating 2 GB of RAM in the iPhone 7, the iPad 6th generation, and the iPod touch 7th generation, or 3 GB in the iPhone 7 Plus and the iPad 7th generation. |
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General information | |
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Launched | September 7, 2016 |
Discontinued | May 10, 2022 |
Designed by | Apple Inc. |
Common manufacturer | |
Product code | APL1W24 |
Max. CPU clock rate | to 2.34 GHz[2] |
Cache | |
L1 cache | Per core: 126 KB instruction + 126 KB data |
L2 cache | 3 MB shared |
L3 cache | 4 MB shared |
Architecture and classification | |
Application | Mobile |
Technology node | 16FFC nm |
Microarchitecture | "Hurricane" and "Zephyr" |
Instruction set | ARMv8.1-A: A64, A32, T32 |
Physical specifications | |
Transistors |
|
Cores |
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GPUs | Custom PowerVR Series 7XT GT7600 Plus (hexa-core, internal name - Apple G9) [3][4] |
Products, models, variants | |
Variant | |
History | |
Predecessor | Apple A9 |
Successor | Apple A11 |
The Apple A10 Fusion is a 64-bit ARM-based system on a chip (SoC), designed by Apple Inc. and manufactured by TSMC. It first appeared in the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus which were introduced on September 7, 2016,[5][6] and is used in the sixth generation iPad, seventh generation iPad, and seventh generation iPod Touch. The A10 is the first Apple-designed quad-core SoC, with two high-performance cores and two energy-efficient cores. Apple states that it has 40% greater CPU performance and 50% greater graphics performance compared to its predecessor, the Apple A9. The Apple T2 chip is based on the A10.[7] On May 10, 2022, the iPod Touch 7th generation was discontinued, ending production of A10 Fusion chips.[8] The latest software updates for the iPhone 7 & 7 Plus including the iPod Touch 7th generation variants systems using this chip are iOS 15.7, released on September 12, 2022 as they were discontinued with the release of iOS 16 in 2022, while updates for the iPad (6th & 7th generation) variants systems using this chip are still supported.
The A10 (internally, T8010) is built on TSMC's 16 nmFinFET process[1][9] and contains 3.28 billion transistors (including the GPU and caches) on a die size of 125 mm2.[10] It features two Apple-designed 64-bit 2.34 GHz ARMv8-A cores called Hurricane, each with a die size of 4.18 mm2. As the first Apple-produced quad-core SoC, it has two high-performance cores designed for demanding tasks like gaming, while also featuring two energy-efficient Apple-designed 64-bit 1.05 GHz cores codenamed Zephyr at 0.78 mm2[10][11] for normal tasks in a configuration similar to the ARM big.LITTLE technology.[12][13]
Unlike most implementations of big.LITTLE, such as the Snapdragon 820 or Exynos 8890, only one core type can be active at a time, either the high-performance or low-power cores, but not both.[2][12] Thus, the A10 Fusion appears to software and benchmarks as a dual core chip. Apple claims that the high-performance cores are 40% faster than Apple's previous A9 processor and that the two high-efficiency cores consume 20% of the power of the high performance Hurricane cores;[14] they are used when performing simple tasks, such as checking email. A new performance controller decides in realtime which pair of cores should run for a given task in order to optimize for performance or battery life. The A10 has an L1 cache of 64 KB for data and 64 KB for instructions, an L2 cache of 3 MB[15] shared by both cores, and a 4 MB[15] L3 cache that services the entire SoC.
The new 6-core @ 900 MHz GPU built into the A10 chip is 50% faster while consuming 66% of the power of its A9 predecessor. Further analysis has suggested that Apple has kept the GT7600 used in Apple A9, but replaced portions of the PowerVR based GPU with its own proprietary designs.[3][16] These changes appear to be using lower half-precision floating-point numbers, allowing for higher-performance and lower power consumption.
Embedded in the A10 is the M10 motion coprocessor.[17] The A10 also includes a new image processor which Apple says has twice the throughput of the prior image processor.[18]
The A10 adds hardware encoding for HEIF and HEVC (8/10bit).[19] It has decoding support for HEVC, H.264, MPEG‑4 Part 2, and Motion JPEG.[20] Decoding of VP8 and VP9 is also supported but unofficial. AV1 is not supported by hardware acceleration.[21]
The A10 is packaged in a new InFO packaging from TSMC which reduces the height of the package. In the same package there are also four LPDDR4 RAM chips integrating 2 GB of RAM in the iPhone 7, the iPad 6th generation, and the iPod touch 7th generation, or 3 GB in the iPhone 7 Plus and the iPad 7th generation.
The Linley Group notes Apple's "A10″ CPU cores, Hurricane and Zephyr, are quite a bit bigger than those of competing mobile chips.
Preceded by | Apple A10 Fusion 2016 |
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