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{{Short description|1917 book by George J. Nicholls}} |
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| subject = [[Bacon]] |
| subject = [[Bacon]] |
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| genre = [[Non-fiction]] |
| genre = [[Non-fiction]] |
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| publisher = Institute of Certificated Grocers |
| publisher = Institute of Certificated Grocers{{efn|name=IGD}} |
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| pub_date = 1917 |
| pub_date = 1917 |
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| pages = |
| pages = |
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'''''Bacon and Hams''''' is a 1917 book by George J. Nicholls, a member of the Institute of Certificated Grocers. The book details the then-modern bacon and ham industry beginning with the use of the pig breeds, meat processing and the distribution and pricing of cuts with a focus on the United Kingdom. The meat processing aspects focus on the popular Wiltshire cut of the time, but also includes American cuts as well. The book was |
'''''Bacon and Hams''''' is a 1917 book by George J. Nicholls, a member of the [[Institute of Certificated Grocers]].{{efn|name=IGD|now the [http://www.igd.com/Who-we-are/History-of-IGD/ Institute of Grocery Distribution]}} The book details the then-modern [[bacon]] and [[ham]] industry beginning with the use of the pig breeds, meat processing and the distribution and pricing of cuts with a focus on the United Kingdom. The meat processing aspects focus on the popular Wiltshire cut of the time, but also includes American cuts as well. The book was described, with approbation, by the [[Saskatchewan]] Overseas Livestock Marketing Commission, as an "admirable and important treatise".<ref name="sask" /> Despite having entered the public domain, the book is rare and collectible and generated interest for its "unparalleled" anatomical details of pigs found in its fold-out pages.<ref name="Arnold" /> |
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A modern review called it a "paean to the pig". |
A modern review called it a "[[paean]] to the pig".<ref name="Arnold" /> |
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== Author == |
== Author == |
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[[File:BaconAndHams_1917_FancyDress.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.9|"The Author in Fancy Dress as a Side of Bacon, designed by himself, which took the First Prize of Forty Guineas at the [[Covent Garden]] Fancy Dress Ball, April 1894." |
[[File:BaconAndHams_1917_FancyDress.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.9|"The Author in Fancy Dress as a Side of Bacon, designed by himself, which took the First Prize of Forty Guineas at the [[Covent Garden]] Fancy Dress Ball, April 1894."<ref name="Arnold" />]] |
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According to the title page of the book, George J. Nicholls was the director of George Bowles, Nicholls & Company. He was also a Trustee, Member of Council, Chairman of Finance Committee, and honorary Examiner to the Institute of Certificated Grocers.<ref name= |
According to the title page of the book, George J. Nicholls was the director of George Bowles, Nicholls & Company. He was also a Trustee, Member of Council, Chairman of Finance Committee, and honorary Examiner to the Institute of Certificated Grocers.<ref name="Nicholls" /> He was also a member of the Home and Foreign Produce Exchange and Chairman of Committee of the Wholesale Produce Merchants' Association in London.<ref name="Nicholls">{{cite book |title=Bacon and Hams |publisher=Richard Clay & Sons |last=Nicholls |first=George J. |year=1917}}</ref> Nicholls followed in the footsteps of his father in the provision trade and hoped that two of his three sons would continue the family tradition.<ref name="Nicholls" /> |
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The book features a [[Photographic studio|studio photograph]] of its author |
The book features a [[Photographic studio|studio photograph]] of its author in [[fancy dress]] as a sideofbacon.<ref name="Arnold" /> |
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== Terminology == |
== Terminology == |
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The term bacon in this book does not refer to the sliced and pre-packaged bacon that is ubiquitous in American markets, but instead the cured whole side of the pig.<ref name= |
The term bacon in this book does not refer to the sliced and pre-packaged bacon that is ubiquitous in American markets, but instead the cured whole side of the pig.<ref name="Arnold" /> Furthermore, the differences between bacon in the United States and in the United Kingdom are quite pronounced, and the book refers only to cuts common in the United Kingdom. The cut that is used to produce "American bacon" is a cut referred to as "streaky bacon" in the United Kingdom.<ref name="Paupered">{{cite web |url= http://www.thepauperedchef.com/2010/04/a-guide-to-bacon-styles-and-how-to-make-proper-british-rashers.html |title=A Guide to Bacon Styles, and How to Make Proper British Rashers |publisher=The Paupered Chef |date=April 21, 2010 | access-date=10 November 2014 |last=Royer |first=Blake}}</ref> Most bacon consumed in the United Kingdom is known as [[back bacon]] and consists of both [[pork belly]] and [[pork loin]] in a single cut.<ref name="EBS">{{cite web |url= http://www.englishbreakfastsociety.com/back-bacon.html |title=Traditional British Back Bacon |publisher=English Breakfast Society |date=4 January 2014 |access-date=10 November 2014}}</ref><ref name="dbmc">{{Cite journal |publisher=[[Danish Bacon|Danish Bacon Company]] |url= http://www.dbmc.co.uk/downloads/DBMC_Info-stats_2005.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060130095012/http://www.dbmc.co.uk/downloads/DBMC_Info-stats_2005.pdf |title=Information and Statistics 2005 |date=30 March 2005 |access-date=11 November 2014 |archive-date=January 30, 2006}}</ref> The Wiltshire cut was a way to divide up the meat, and was marketed to consumers in still further cuts.<ref name="Arnold" /><ref name="Nicholls" /> |
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|publisher=[[Danish Bacon|Danish Bacon Company]] |
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|url=http://www.dbmc.co.uk/downloads/DBMC_Info-stats_2005.pdf |
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|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20060130095012/http://www.dbmc.co.uk/downloads/DBMC_Info-stats_2005.pdf |
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|title=Information and Statistics 2005 |
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|date=March 30, 2005 |
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|accessdate=November 11, 2014 |
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|archivedate=January 30, 2006 |
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}}</ref> The Wiltshire cut was a way to divide up the bacon, again referring to the cured whole side of the pig, and was marketed in still further cuts to consumers.<ref name=book /><ref name=issues /> |
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== |
== Content == |
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This book's target audience is not the common consumer of pig meat, but the grocer who would sell the products to the masses. The goal of the book was to aid in the proper handling, selling and profiting from the business of selling [[pork]]. Furthermore, Nicholls noted that this book would come to fill a need for the students who would be taking the Institute of Certificated Grocer exams.<ref name= |
This book's target audience is not the common consumer of pig meat, but the grocer who would sell the products to the masses. The goal of the book was to aid in the proper handling, selling and profiting from the business of selling [[pork]]. Furthermore, Nicholls noted that this book would come to fill a need for the students who would be taking the Institute of Certificated Grocer exams.<ref name="Nicholls" /> |
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The book is divided into nine chapters with seven appendices.<ref name= |
The book is divided into nine chapters with seven appendices.<ref name="Nicholls" /> The first chapter details the pig and its use in antiquity before summarizing the nutrient components of pork in comparison to [[beef]].<ref name="Nicholls" /> The second chapter opens with the defining characteristics of a good bacon pig. The six principal breeds of the United Kingdom at the time were the [[Large White pig|Large White Yorkshire]], the [[Middle White]], the [[Tamworth pig|Tamworth]], the [[Berkshire pig|Berkshire]], the [[Lincolnshire Curly Coat|Lincolnshire Curly-Coated]] and the [[Large Black pig|Large Black]].<ref name="Nicholls" /> The Large White Yorkshire breed is traced to [[Robert Bakewell (agriculturalist)|Robert Bakewell]] and highlights the importance of the breed for its quick maturity, rapid fattening and providing a long side.<ref name="Nicholls" /> Though also credited for the breeding of the [[Small White pig]], Bakewell was secretive in his work and evidence of his pig breeding (as a whole) cannot be confirmed.<ref name="Bakewell 1">{{cite web |url= http://www.le.ac.uk/el/newdishley/animals.html |title=Bakewell's Animals |publisher=Centre for English Local History at the University of Leicester |access-date=10 November 2014}}</ref><ref name="Bakewell 2">{{cite web|url=http://www.ans.iastate.edu/history/faculty/bakewell/bakewell.html |title=Robert Bakewell |publisher=Iowa State University |access-date=10 November 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141123061120/http://www.ans.iastate.edu/history/faculty/bakewell/bakewell.html |archive-date=November 23, 2014 }}</ref> Nicholls describes the other breeds and provides information on the number of pigs, the state of the industry and the classification of pigs for the market.<ref name="Nicholls" /> |
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The third chapter details the industry outside the United Kingdom.<ref name= |
The third chapter details the industry outside the United Kingdom.<ref name="Nicholls" /> The fourth chapter discusses the current practices of the bacon factory, including the stages in which the pigs are received, killed, branded and processed.<ref name="Nicholls" /> The usage of the entire carcass is covered, from the blood to the fat and hair of the pig. Chapter five details the distribution and wholesale centers of the industry and the terms and regulations used.<ref name="Nicholls" /> Chapter six details the selection and grading of the cuts, beginning with the most popular Wiltshire cut.<ref name="Nicholls" /> Chapter seven and eight details the retail distribution of the bacon, and dividing the Wiltshire cut into different cuts and pricing.<ref name="Nicholls" /> Chapter nine concludes with the retail distribution of the American and Canadian cuts.<ref name="Nicholls" /> The book includes fold-out anatomical charts that were popular during the time.<ref name="Arnold">{{Cite web |last=Arnold |first=Dave |title=Bacon and Hams (1917): Our First Book Review |work=Cooking Issues |publisher=French Culinary Institute |date=1 December 2009 |url= http://www.cookingissues.com/2009/12/01/pigplatei/ |access-date=3 December 2009}}</ref> |
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== Release and recognition == |
== Release and recognition == |
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[[File:BaconAndHams_1917_Frontispiece.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.6|The "unparalleled fold-out pig"]] |
[[File:BaconAndHams_1917_Frontispiece.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.6|The "unparalleled fold-out pig"]] |
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''Bacon and Hams'' was first published in 1917 by the |
''Bacon and Hams'' was first published in 1917 by the Institute of Certificated Grocers and printed by Richard Clay & Sons of London.<ref name="Nicholls" /> A second edition was published in 1924.<ref>{{cite book |title=Bacon and Hams |via=WorldCat |publisher=Online Computer Library Center |oclc = 18696687}}</ref> The book was referred to with approbation by the [[Saskatchewan]] Overseas Livestock Marketing Commission which described it as an "admirable and important treatise".<ref name="sask">{{Cite book |publisher=Dept. of Agriculture, Saskatchewan; Agricultural Research Foundation |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Report of the Saskatchewan Overseas Livestock Marketing Commission, 1927 |year=1928 |page=175}}</ref> Though the book has entered the public domain, it is rare and collectible.<ref name="Duggan">{{Cite news |last=Duggan |first=Tara |title=At S.F. Shop, Cooks Find Pages from the Past |work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |date= 14 January 2009 |url= http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article/article?f=/c/a/2009/01/14/FDSK155TIQ.DTL |access-date=8 December 2009}}</ref> The website ''Cooking Issues'' featured the obscure book, creating an interactive [[Adobe Flash]] animation of Nicholls's "unparalleled fold-out pig".<ref name="Arnold" /> |
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| authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Report of the Saskatchewan Overseas Livestock Marketing Commission, 1927 | publisher = J.W. Reid | year = 1928 | location = | page = 175 | url = | doi = | id = }}</ref> Though the book has entered the public domain, the book is rare and collectible.<ref>{{Cite news |
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| last = Duggan | first = Tara | coauthors = | title = At S.F. shop, cooks find pages from the past | newspaper = [[San Francisco Chronicle]] | location = | pages = | language = | publisher = | date = January 14, 2009 | url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article/article?f=/c/a/2009/01/14/FDSK155TIQ.DTL | accessdate = December 8, 2009}}</ref> The website "Cooking Issues" featured the obscure book and created an interactive animation in [[Adobe Flash]] of "George J Nicholls' unparalleled fold-out pig".<ref name=issues /> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[Cut of beef]] |
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{{Portal bar|Bacon|Food}} |
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{{ |
{{Portal bar|Food}} |
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==Notes== |
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{{notelist}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Bacon And Hams}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bacon And Hams}} |
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[[Category:Books about bacon]] |
[[Category:Books about bacon]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Pork]] |
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[[Category:Meat industry]] |
[[Category:Meat industry]] |
Author | George J. Nicholls |
---|---|
Language | English |
Subject | Bacon |
Genre | Non-fiction |
Publisher | Institute of Certificated Grocers[a] |
Publication date | 1917 |
Publication place | United Kingdom |
OCLC | 18696679 |
Bacon and Hams is a 1917 book by George J. Nicholls, a member of the Institute of Certificated Grocers.[a] The book details the then-modern bacon and ham industry beginning with the use of the pig breeds, meat processing and the distribution and pricing of cuts with a focus on the United Kingdom. The meat processing aspects focus on the popular Wiltshire cut of the time, but also includes American cuts as well. The book was described, with approbation, by the Saskatchewan Overseas Livestock Marketing Commission, as an "admirable and important treatise".[1] Despite having entered the public domain, the book is rare and collectible and generated interest for its "unparalleled" anatomical details of pigs found in its fold-out pages.[2]
A modern review called it a "paean to the pig".[2]
According to the title page of the book, George J. Nicholls was the director of George Bowles, Nicholls & Company. He was also a Trustee, Member of Council, Chairman of Finance Committee, and honorary Examiner to the Institute of Certificated Grocers.[3] He was also a member of the Home and Foreign Produce Exchange and Chairman of Committee of the Wholesale Produce Merchants' Association in London.[3] Nicholls followed in the footsteps of his father in the provision trade and hoped that two of his three sons would continue the family tradition.[3] The book features a studio photograph of its author in fancy dress as a side of bacon.[2]
The term bacon in this book does not refer to the sliced and pre-packaged bacon that is ubiquitous in American markets, but instead the cured whole side of the pig.[2] Furthermore, the differences between bacon in the United States and in the United Kingdom are quite pronounced, and the book refers only to cuts common in the United Kingdom. The cut that is used to produce "American bacon" is a cut referred to as "streaky bacon" in the United Kingdom.[4] Most bacon consumed in the United Kingdom is known as back bacon and consists of both pork belly and pork loin in a single cut.[5][6] The Wiltshire cut was a way to divide up the meat, and was marketed to consumers in still further cuts.[2][3]
This book's target audience is not the common consumer of pig meat, but the grocer who would sell the products to the masses. The goal of the book was to aid in the proper handling, selling and profiting from the business of selling pork. Furthermore, Nicholls noted that this book would come to fill a need for the students who would be taking the Institute of Certificated Grocer exams.[3]
The book is divided into nine chapters with seven appendices.[3] The first chapter details the pig and its use in antiquity before summarizing the nutrient components of pork in comparison to beef.[3] The second chapter opens with the defining characteristics of a good bacon pig. The six principal breeds of the United Kingdom at the time were the Large White Yorkshire, the Middle White, the Tamworth, the Berkshire, the Lincolnshire Curly-Coated and the Large Black.[3] The Large White Yorkshire breed is traced to Robert Bakewell and highlights the importance of the breed for its quick maturity, rapid fattening and providing a long side.[3] Though also credited for the breeding of the Small White pig, Bakewell was secretive in his work and evidence of his pig breeding (as a whole) cannot be confirmed.[7][8] Nicholls describes the other breeds and provides information on the number of pigs, the state of the industry and the classification of pigs for the market.[3]
The third chapter details the industry outside the United Kingdom.[3] The fourth chapter discusses the current practices of the bacon factory, including the stages in which the pigs are received, killed, branded and processed.[3] The usage of the entire carcass is covered, from the blood to the fat and hair of the pig. Chapter five details the distribution and wholesale centers of the industry and the terms and regulations used.[3] Chapter six details the selection and grading of the cuts, beginning with the most popular Wiltshire cut.[3] Chapter seven and eight details the retail distribution of the bacon, and dividing the Wiltshire cut into different cuts and pricing.[3] Chapter nine concludes with the retail distribution of the American and Canadian cuts.[3] The book includes fold-out anatomical charts that were popular during the time.[2]
Bacon and Hams was first published in 1917 by the Institute of Certificated Grocers and printed by Richard Clay & Sons of London.[3] A second edition was published in 1924.[9] The book was referred to with approbation by the Saskatchewan Overseas Livestock Marketing Commission which described it as an "admirable and important treatise".[1] Though the book has entered the public domain, it is rare and collectible.[10] The website Cooking Issues featured the obscure book, creating an interactive Adobe Flash animation of Nicholls's "unparalleled fold-out pig".[2]
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