A typical chimaek combination
| |
| Course | Main course |
|---|---|
| Place of origin | South Korea |
| Associated cuisine | Korean cuisine |
| Invented | 1970s |
| Main ingredients | Korean fried chicken, beer |
Chimaek (치맥; from Korean chikin 'fried chicken', and maekju 'beer'[1][2]) is a pairing of fried chicken (either plain huraideu or spicy yangnyeom) and beer, served as anju (English: food with alcohol) in the evening in many South Korean restaurants,[2] including a number of specialized chains.
From the roasted chicken that appeared in the early 1960s to the spicy chicken that was adapted to meet Korean tastes, South Korea has imported and developed a growing variety of chicken dishes. While chicken was gaining popularity, a new draft beer which appeared in the 1970s was also becoming very popular, and it became common for the two to be combined as a single menu item. Moreover, the 2002 Korea–Japan World Cup shed more light on the chimaek phenomenon, and the dish has also had a significant impact on Korean drinking culture.[3] Today, fried chicken is one of the most popular dishes in Korea. It's so popular that Koreans created the word Chi-neunim, which is a compound word of chicken and God Haneunim in Korean.[4]
Until fried chicken came to Korea, chicken was only cooked in the form of baeksuk, a chicken stew. There are many theories on how fried chicken was introduced to Korea, but it most likely started in the early 1960s when fried chicken spread from the U.S. military to nearby base towns. Chicken production increased 13 times as the nation's economy grew. With the introduction of cooking oil in Korea in 1971, chicken and oil were plentiful, which created an environment where people could eat more chicken. At this time, chicken and beer were sold together, which eventually led to the creation of chimaek. In the 1970s, manufacturing workers paid 3,400 South Korean won per chicken, but the price of a boiled chicken was ₩2,500, and 500 cc (18 imp fl oz; 17 US fl oz) of beer was ₩450.[5]
In 1977, the chicken brand Rims Chicken was founded. It was quite strange for Koreans to chop and fry chicken, but its popularity was enormous, especially around the holiday seasons.[citation needed]
The word chicken and beer were not used in conjunction until 2002 with the Korea–Japan World Cup. Public parks would often have large screens to watch the games, and people would dress in red (the colour and nickname of the home team) and gather together to cheer for the World Cup, while eating chicken and drinking beer. The number of chicken restaurants increased from around 10,000 to 25,000 after the World Cup.[5]
Chimaek Street is planned to be built in Gimpo, South Korea. There is a prospect that various chicken restaurants will be gathered in one place and that world beer and various kinds of chicken will be a specialty of Gimpo city.[6]
There are many chimaek festivals in Korea, including the Seoul Chimaek Festival which is held in mid-October in downtown Seoul. It is an event to promote Korean food culture abroad by combining chicken and beer.[7][circular reference]InDaegu Metropolitan City, a chimaek festival was held in 2012.[8] In 2013, a chimaek festival in Ningbo, China, drew some 400,000 visitors in its first three days.[8]
Chimaek is also popular in China because of the popular drama My Love From the Star, in which Cheon Song-i, the heroine, said "A snowy day is just perfect for our Chimaek time ..."; which triggered the phenomenon. Specialty chicken shops have been more numerous in China. Uploading pictures of oneself holding a chicken in one hand and a beer in the other on social networks became a trend.[2][9]
Since December 2014, Chinese people have been willing to wait an average of three hours in front of a Korean-brand chicken shop to enjoy chicken.[citation needed] At the time of the drama's airing, thousands of "Chicken Mac sets" were sold in Hangzhou,[citation needed] and Lotte Mart in China offered a 25 percent discount for a chicken and six cans of Tsingtao beer.[relevant?]
Bonchon Chicken is a notable chimaek restaurant chain that has spread around the world.[citation needed]
Demand for specialty chicken shops increased with the growing demands for chicken and beer.[9] As of March 2014, Korea had 192 chicken franchise companies. About 10% of companies are known for unique recipes.[8]
Now, a new combination of chibap has emerged from the chimaek mix. A combination of savoury chicken and warm rice which is gaining popularity.[10][relevant?]
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