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{{Short description|Species of carnivore}} |
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{{speciesbox |
{{speciesbox |
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| name =Hooded skunk |
| name =Hooded skunk |
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|image=Skunkhooded.jpg |
|image=Skunkhooded.jpg |
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| status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 |
| status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 |
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| status_ref =<ref name=iucn>{{ |
| status_ref =<ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Cuarón, A.D. |author2=González-Maya, J.F. |author3=Helgen, K. |author4=Reid, F. |author5=Schipper, J. |author6=Dragoo, J.W. |date=2016 |title=''Mephitis macroura'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T41634A45211135 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41634A45211135.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref> |
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| genus = Mephitis |
| genus = Mephitis |
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| species = macroura |
| species = macroura |
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The '''hooded skunk''' (''Mephitis macroura'') is a species of [[mammal]] in the family [[Skunk|Mephitidae]]. ''Mephītis'' in Latin means "foul odor", μακρός (''makrós'') in Greek translates to "long" and οὐρά (''ourá'') translates to "tail". |
The '''hooded skunk''' ('''''Mephitis macroura''''') is a species of [[mammal]] in the family [[Skunk|Mephitidae]]. ''Mephītis'' in Latin means "foul odor", μακρός (''makrós'') in Greek translates to "long" and οὐρά (''ourá'') translates to "tail". |
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== Morphology == |
== Morphology == |
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It can be distinguished from the similar [[striped skunk]] (''M. mephitis'') by its longer tail and longer, much softer coat of fur, and larger tympanic bullae.<ref>{{cite book|last=Hall|first=E. R.|title=The mammals of North America|edition=Second|year=1981|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=New York|pages=601–1181}}</ref> A ruff of white fur around its neck gives the animal its common name. Three color phases are known and in all three, a thin white medial stripe is present between the eyes: black-backed with two lateral white stripes, white-backed with one dorsal white stripe, or entirely black with a few white hairs in the tail.<ref>{{cite book|last=Hoffmeister|first=D. F.|title=Mammals of Arizona|year=1986|publisher=University of Arizona Press|location=Tucson}}</ref><ref name="Patton 1974 199">{{cite book|last=Patton|first=R. F.|title=Ecological and behavioral relationships of the skunks of Trans Pecos Texas. Ph.D. dissertation|year=1974|publisher=Texas A&M University| |
It can be distinguished from the similar [[striped skunk]] (''M. mephitis'') by its longer tail and longer, much softer coat of fur, and larger tympanic bullae.<ref>{{cite book|last=Hall|first=E. R.|title=The mammals of North America|edition=Second|year=1981|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=New York|pages=601–1181}}</ref> A ruff of white fur around its neck gives the animal its common name. Three color phases are known and in all three, a thin white medial stripe is present between the eyes: black-backed with two lateral white stripes, white-backed with one dorsal white stripe, or entirely black with a few white hairs in the tail.<ref>{{cite book|last=Hoffmeister|first=D. F.|title=Mammals of Arizona|year=1986|publisher=University of Arizona Press|location=Tucson}}</ref><ref name="Patton 1974 199">{{cite book|last=Patton|first=R. F.|title=Ecological and behavioral relationships of the skunks of Trans Pecos Texas. Ph.D. dissertation|year=1974|publisher=Texas A&M University|page=199}}</ref> |
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== Ecology == |
== Ecology == |
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The hooded skunk |
The hooded skunk ranges from the [[Southwestern United States]] to [[Mexico]], [[Guatemala]], [[Honduras]], [[Nicaragua]], and northwest [[Costa Rica]].<ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021" /> It is more abundant in [[Mexico]]. These skunks are found to be more than 50% smaller in size in southern Mexico than in the Southwestern United States.<ref name="Janzen 1982 19/20:549–552">{{cite book|last=Janzen|first=D. H. and W. Hallwachs|title=The hooded skunk, Mephitis macroura, in lowland northwestern Costa Rica|year=1982|publisher=Brenesia|pages=19/20:549–552}}</ref> It is found in [[grasslands]], [[desert]]s, and in the foothills of [[mountains]], avoiding high elevations. It tends to live near a water source, such as a river. The females tend to be 15% smaller in size than the males<ref>{{cite book|last=Rosatte|first=R. C.|title=Striped, spotted, hooded, and hog-nosed skunk|year=1987|publisher=Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources|location=Toronto, Canada}}</ref> and their breeding season is between February and March.<ref name="Patton 1974 199"/> The litter size ranges from three to eight.<ref name="Bailey 1932 1–412">{{cite journal|last=Bailey|first=V.|title=Mammals of New Mexico|journal=North American Fauna|year=1932|volume=53|pages=1–412|doi=10.3996/nafa.53.0001}}</ref> |
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== Diet == |
== Diet == |
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The diet of the hooded skunk consists mostly of vegetation, especially prickly pear (''[[Opuntia]]'' spp.), but it will readily consume [[insect]]s, small [[vertebrate]]s, |
The diet of the hooded skunk consists mostly of vegetation, especially prickly pear (''[[Opuntia]]'' spp.), but it will readily consume [[insect]]s, small [[vertebrate]]s, fruit, bird eggs, and human garbage as well.<ref name="Patton 1974 199"/><ref name="animaldiversity1">{{cite web|last=Bairos |first=Kevin |url=https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Mephitis_macroura/ |title=ADW: Mephitis macroura: INFORMATION |publisher=Animaldiversity.org |date=2013-10-26 |accessdate=2022-03-19}}</ref> Hooded skunks in Costa Rica utilize their forelimbs to throw bird eggs between their hindlegs, in order to break the eggs open.<ref name="animaldiversity1"/> In the wild, their stomach contents include 74.3% insects, with 50% of their diet consisting of [[earwig]]s, [[stink bug]]s, and [[beetle]]s. Vertebrate tissues made up 12% of the diet, and only about 1% of the diet consisted of plant material.<ref name="animaldiversity1"/> No cases of rabies are reported,<ref>{{cite journal|last=Aranda|first=M.|author2=L. Lopez-De Buen|title=Rabies in skunks from Mexico|journal=Journal of Wildlife Diseases|year=1999|volume=35|issue=3|pages=574–577|doi=10.7589/0090-3558-35.3.574|pmid=10479094|s2cid=6611338|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Ceballos|first=G., And A. Miranda|title=Los mamiferos de Chmela, Jalisco: manual de campo|year=1986|publisher=Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico|location=Mexico City, Mexico}}</ref> but they host a range of parasites, including nematodes, roundworms, and fleas.<ref name="Patton 1974 199"/> |
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== Behavior == |
== Behavior == |
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Hooded skunks are solitary, but they might interact at a feeding ground without showing any signs of aggression.<ref name="Reid 1997">{{cite book|last=Reid|first=F. A.|title=A field guide to the mammals of Central America and south east Mexico|year=1997|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York}}</ref> They shelter in a burrow or a nest of thick plant cover during the day and are active at night. Like ''M. mephitis'', for self-defense, they spray volatile components from their [[anal gland]]s. |
Hooded skunks are solitary, but they might interact at a feeding ground without showing any signs of aggression.<ref name="Reid 1997">{{cite book|last=Reid|first=F. A.|title=A field guide to the mammals of Central America and south east Mexico|year=1997|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York}}</ref> They shelter in a burrow or a nest of thick plant cover during the day and are active at night. Like ''M. mephitis'', for self-defense, they spray volatile components from their [[anal gland]]s.<ref name="Dalquest 1953">{{cite book|last=Dalquest|first=W. W.|title=Mammals of the Mexican state of San Luis Potosi|year=1953|publisher=Louisiana State University Press|location=Balton Rouge}}</ref> Seven major components comprised 99% of the volatiles in this secretion: (‘’E’’)-2-butene-1-thiol, 3-methyl-1-butanethiol, ‘’S’’-(‘’E’’)-2-butenyl thioacetate, ‘’S’’-3-methylbutenyl thioacetate, s2-phenylethanethiol, 2-methylquinoline, and 2-quinolinemethanethiol<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Journal of Chemical Ecology |volume=28 |issue=9 |year=2002 |title=Volatile Components in Defensive Spray of the Hooded Skunk, ''Mephitis macroura'' |author1=Wood W. F. |author2=Sollers B. G. |author3=Dragoo G. A. |author4=Dragoo J. W. |doi=10.1023/A:1020573404341 |pages=865–870 |pmid=12449512|s2cid=19217201 }}</ref> |
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== Characteristics == |
== Characteristics == |
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Hooded skunks are currently not endangered. They are very abundant in Mexico and can live in human suburban areas mostly on pastures and cultivated fields.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Yeen|first=Ten Hwang|author2=Serge Lariviere|title=Mephitis macroura|journal=Mammalian Species|date=26 December 2001|volume=686|pages=1–3|doi=10.1644/1545-1410(2001)686<0001:mm>2.0.co;2 }}</ref> Their fur has low economic value.<ref name="Bailey 1932 1–412"/> However, their fat<ref name="Dalquest 1953"/> and [[scent gland]]s<ref name="Reid 1997"/> can be used in local folk medicine. In some parts of their range, their flesh is considered a delicacy.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Davis|first=W. B.|title=Notes on Mexican mammals|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|year=1944|volume=25|pages=370–402|doi=10.2307/1374900}}</ref> Other common names for the hooded skunk include: ''mofeta rayada'' (Spanish), ''moufette à capuchon'' (French),'' pay'' (Maya), southern skunk, white-sided skunk, and ''zorillo''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Borror|first=D. J.|title=Dictionary of word roots and combining forms|year=1960|publisher=National Press Books|location=Palo Alto, California}}</ref> |
Hooded skunks are currently not endangered. They are very abundant in Mexico and can live in human suburban areas mostly on pastures and cultivated fields.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Yeen|first=Ten Hwang|author2=Serge Lariviere|title=Mephitis macroura|journal=Mammalian Species|date=26 December 2001|volume=686|pages=1–3|doi=10.1644/1545-1410(2001)686<0001:mm>2.0.co;2 |s2cid=198969295 }}</ref> Their fur has low economic value.<ref name="Bailey 1932 1–412"/> However, their fat<ref name="Dalquest 1953"/> and [[scent gland]]s<ref name="Reid 1997"/> can be used in local folk medicine. In some parts of their range, their flesh is considered a delicacy.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Davis|first=W. B.|title=Notes on Mexican mammals|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|year=1944|volume=25|issue=4|pages=370–402|doi=10.2307/1374900|jstor=1374900}}</ref> Other common names for the hooded skunk include: ''mofeta rayada'' (Spanish), ''moufette à capuchon'' (French),'' pay'' (Maya), southern skunk, white-sided skunk, and ''zorillo''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Borror|first=D. J.|title=Dictionary of word roots and combining forms|year=1960|publisher=National Press Books|location=Palo Alto, California}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q1068616}} |
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1068616}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Skunks]] |
[[Category:Skunks]] |
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[[Category:Carnivorans of Central America |
[[Category:Carnivorans of Central America]] |
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[[Category:Carnivorans of North America |
[[Category:Carnivorans of North America]] |
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[[Category:Mammals of |
[[Category:Mammals of Mexico]] |
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[[Category:Mammals of |
[[Category:Mammals of the United States]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Least concern biotaofthe United States]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Least concern biotaofNorth America]] |
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[[Category:Mammals of Nicaragua]] |
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[[Category:Mammals of the United States|Skunk, Hooded]] |
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[[Category:Least concern biota of the United States|Skunk, Hooded]] |
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[[Category:Least concern biota of North America|Skunk, Hooded]] |
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[[Category:Mammals described in 1832]] |
[[Category:Mammals described in 1832]] |
Hooded skunk | |
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Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Order: | Carnivora |
Family: | Mephitidae |
Genus: | Mephitis |
Species: |
M. macroura
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Binomial name | |
Mephitis macroura Lichtenstein, 1832 | |
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Hooded skunk range |
The hooded skunk (Mephitis macroura) is a species of mammal in the family Mephitidae. Mephītis in Latin means "foul odor", μακρός (makrós) in Greek translates to "long" and οὐρά (ourá) translates to "tail".
It can be distinguished from the similar striped skunk (M. mephitis) by its longer tail and longer, much softer coat of fur, and larger tympanic bullae.[2] A ruff of white fur around its neck gives the animal its common name. Three color phases are known and in all three, a thin white medial stripe is present between the eyes: black-backed with two lateral white stripes, white-backed with one dorsal white stripe, or entirely black with a few white hairs in the tail.[3][4]
The hooded skunk ranges from the Southwestern United StatestoMexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and northwest Costa Rica.[1] It is more abundant in Mexico. These skunks are found to be more than 50% smaller in size in southern Mexico than in the Southwestern United States.[5] It is found in grasslands, deserts, and in the foothills of mountains, avoiding high elevations. It tends to live near a water source, such as a river. The females tend to be 15% smaller in size than the males[6] and their breeding season is between February and March.[4] The litter size ranges from three to eight.[7]
The diet of the hooded skunk consists mostly of vegetation, especially prickly pear (Opuntia spp.), but it will readily consume insects, small vertebrates, fruit, bird eggs, and human garbage as well.[4][8] Hooded skunks in Costa Rica utilize their forelimbs to throw bird eggs between their hindlegs, in order to break the eggs open.[8] In the wild, their stomach contents include 74.3% insects, with 50% of their diet consisting of earwigs, stink bugs, and beetles. Vertebrate tissues made up 12% of the diet, and only about 1% of the diet consisted of plant material.[8] No cases of rabies are reported,[9][10] but they host a range of parasites, including nematodes, roundworms, and fleas.[4]
Hooded skunks are solitary, but they might interact at a feeding ground without showing any signs of aggression.[11] They shelter in a burrow or a nest of thick plant cover during the day and are active at night. Like M. mephitis, for self-defense, they spray volatile components from their anal glands.[12] Seven major components comprised 99% of the volatiles in this secretion: (‘’E’’)-2-butene-1-thiol, 3-methyl-1-butanethiol, ‘’S’’-(‘’E’’)-2-butenyl thioacetate, ‘’S’’-3-methylbutenyl thioacetate, s2-phenylethanethiol, 2-methylquinoline, and 2-quinolinemethanethiol[13]
Hooded skunks are currently not endangered. They are very abundant in Mexico and can live in human suburban areas mostly on pastures and cultivated fields.[14] Their fur has low economic value.[7] However, their fat[12] and scent glands[11] can be used in local folk medicine. In some parts of their range, their flesh is considered a delicacy.[15] Other common names for the hooded skunk include: mofeta rayada (Spanish), moufette à capuchon (French), pay (Maya), southern skunk, white-sided skunk, and zorillo.[16]
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Extant species of family Mephitidae
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Conepatus |
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Mydaus |
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Mephitis |
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Spilogale |
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Mephitis macroura |
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Authority control databases: National ![]() |
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