|
m Corrected reference again...
|
provided complete citation so that citation bot will leave us alone!
|
||
| Line 3: | Line 3: | ||
==History== |
==History== |
||
In 2004 Monsanto sought approval in Europe to introduce MON 863, which led to controversy over acceptance by regulatory bodies of industry-funded toxicity studies and over the design of those studies. Pr Gilles Eric Séralini, who was on the committee that reviewed MON863 for the French government,<ref>[http://www.criigen.org/SiteEn/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=57&Itemid=105 Seralini bio on CRIIGEN]</ref> was a major figure in those controversies and continues to be a critic of toxicity study design.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.fct.2012.08.005 |title=Long term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize |year=2012 |last1=Séralini |first1=Gilles-Eric |last2=Clair |first2=Emilie |last3=Mesnage |first3=Robin |last4=Gress |first4=Steeve |last5=Defarge |first5=Nicolas |last6=Malatesta |first6=Manuela |last7=Hennequin |first7=Didier |last8=De Vendômois |first8=Joël Spiroux |journal=Food and Chemical Toxicology |volume=50 |issue=11 |pages=4221}}</ref><ref> |
In 2004 Monsanto sought approval in Europe to introduce MON 863, which led to controversy over acceptance by regulatory bodies of industry-funded toxicity studies and over the design of those studies. Pr Gilles Eric Séralini, who was on the committee that reviewed MON863 for the French government,<ref>[http://www.criigen.org/SiteEn/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=57&Itemid=105 Seralini bio on CRIIGEN]</ref> was a major figure in those controversies and continues to be a critic of toxicity study design.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.fct.2012.08.005 |title=Long term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize |year=2012 |last1=Séralini |first1=Gilles-Eric |last2=Clair |first2=Emilie |last3=Mesnage |first3=Robin |last4=Gress |first4=Steeve |last5=Defarge |first5=Nicolas |last6=Malatesta |first6=Manuela |last7=Hennequin |first7=Didier |last8=De Vendômois |first8=Joël Spiroux |journal=Food and Chemical Toxicology |volume=50 |issue=11 |pages=4221}}</ref><ref>EFSA, 4 October 2012. [http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/press/news/121004.htm Press release with summary of findings]. Full review: EFSA (2012) [http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/doc/2910.pdf Review of the Séralini ''et al''. (2012) publication on a 2-year rodent feeding study with glyphosate formulations and GM maize NK603 as published online on 19 September 2012 in Food and Chemical Toxicology] EFSA Journal 2012;10(10):2910 doi=10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2910</ref> |
||
MON 863 is a genetically engineered variety of maize produced by Monsanto.
In 2004 Monsanto sought approval in Europe to introduce MON 863, which led to controversy over acceptance by regulatory bodies of industry-funded toxicity studies and over the design of those studies. Pr Gilles Eric Séralini, who was on the committee that reviewed MON863 for the French government,[1] was a major figure in those controversies and continues to be a critic of toxicity study design.[2][3]
See Genetically modified food controversies for details of this controversy, which extended beyond MON 863 to all GMOs.
Following legal action by parties including the Swedish Board of Agriculture and Greenpeace, a Münster appeals court ruled that Monsanto would be forced to publicly reveal its research data.[4]
MON 863 is genetically altered to express a modified version of Cry3Bb1, a delta endotoxin which originates from Bacillus thuringiensis.[5][6] This protects the plant from corn rootworm.[6][7] Unlike MON 810, Bt 11, and Bt 176 which each produce a modified Cry1Ab, MON 863 instead produces a modified Cry3Bb1 toxin and contains nptII, a marker gene for antibiotic resistance.[5][8]
MON 863 is approved for use in Australia, Canada, China, the European Union, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, the Philippines, Russia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, and the United States.[9][10]
MON863 is a genetically modified corn that expresses a Bt-toxin. This toxin is a modified version of the delta endotoxin Cry3Bb1 which originates from the microorganism Bacillus thuringiensis. The genetic manipulation is aimed at protecting maize plants against a pest called corn rootworm (Diabrotica spp.). MON863 differs from other Bt-corns already placed on the market (MON810, BT11, Bt176), which produce a modified Cry1Ab toxin conferring resistance to a pest called European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis), in that it produces an artificial Cry3Bb1 toxin. In addition to the modified Cry3Bb1 toxin gene MON863 contains an antibiotic resistance marker gene.
MON863 contains an GM antibiotic resistance gene (nptII) against kanamycin and neomycin.
Based on these reviews, this maize has been authorized for planting in the United States and Canada since 2003 and is additionally approved for import and food use in many countries around the world, including Japan, Korea, Taiwan, the Philippines, Australia/New Zealand, China, Russia, Singapore, Mexico and the European Union.[dead link]
|
| |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Varieties |
| ||||||||||||||
| Parts |
| ||||||||||||||
| Processing |
| ||||||||||||||
| Pathology |
| ||||||||||||||
| Production |
| ||||||||||||||
| Culture |
| ||||||||||||||
| Maize dishes |
| ||||||||||||||
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genetically modified organisms |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Processes |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Uses |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Related articles |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Regulation |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Geography |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Similar fields |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
