m Reverted edits by 96.255.207.222 (talk) (HG)
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Changing short description from "Process that improves the flavor of meats by allowing the natural enzymes in the meat to break down the tissue through dry aging" to "Culinary process"
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{{Short description|Culinary process}} |
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[[File:Meat hanging in cooler room-01.jpg|thumb|250px]] |
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[[File:Meat hanging in cooler room-01.jpg|thumb|Meat hanging in a cooler room. Freshly slaughtered animals are on the left, day-old animals on the right.]] |
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Meat '''hanging''' is a [[Culinary art|culinary process]], commonly used in [[beef aging]], that improves the flavor of meats by allowing the natural [[enzyme]]s in the meat to break down the tissue through dry aging. The process also allows the water in the meat to evaporate, thus concentrating the flavor. |
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'''Meat hanging''' is the [[culinary]] process of [[dry-aging]] meat to develop its flavor and tenderness. |
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It is applied both to [[beef]] and to [[game (hunting)|game]]. |
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==History== |
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All meat was hung and dry aged from the 1950s up to the early 1960s because [[butcher]]s had discovered that their beef was more tender and flavorful than the meat that was eaten immediately after its preparation.<ref name="goodcooking" /> However, in the 1960s, a combination of meat hanging’s expense and the new process of wet-aging caused meat hanging to almost stop entirely. Meat hanging experienced a surge of popularity in the 1980s though, and dry aged beef continues to be sold in high-end restaurants around the world.<ref name="winnmeat" /> |
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==Hanging game== |
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The process of meat hanging involves hanging the meat (usually beef) in a controlled environment. The meat hanging room must be temperature controlled from between 33 to 37 degrees Fahrenheit (1-3 degrees Celsius). It is such a small window in temperature because the meat will spoil if the room is too hot and the process of dry aging stops if the water in the meat freezes. Furthermore, due to the water needing to slowly evaporate the room must be kept to a [[humidity]] of around 85. Also, to prevent [[bacteria]] developing on the meat, the room must be kept well ventilated. The meat must be furthermore checked on in regular intervals to ensure that the meat does not spoil and the process is working correctly.<ref name="about.com" /> |
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Traditionally, game meat was hung until "high" or "gamey", that is, approaching a state of decomposition.<ref>''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'', 3rd edition, ''s.v.'' [https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/76548 high ''adj.'' A.II.12d], [https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/76548 gamey 1a]</ref> |
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Meat hanging allows processes to continue in the meat that would normally cease in dead animals. For example, the muscles in the meat continue to use the [[ |
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==Dry-aging beef== |
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The process takes |
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For [[dry-aged beef]], the meat is hung in a room kept between 33–37 degrees Fahrenheit (1–3 degrees Celsius), with [[humidity|relative humidity]] of around 85%. If the room is too hot, the meat will spoil, and if it is too cold, the meat freezes and dry aging stops. Good ventilation prevents [[bacteria]] from developing on the meat. The meat is checked on regularly.<ref name="about.com"/> |
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⚫ | Meat hanging allows processes to continue in the meat that would normally cease in dead animals. For example, the muscles in the meat continue to use the [[hemoglobin]] that is stored in the soft tissue of the animal. This normal biological process creates [[lactic acid]]. Contrary to popular belief, animals cannot be completely drained of bodily fluid during slaughter, since soft tissue necessarily retains some amount of fluid. This can be well observed by cooking a steak and observing "blood" on the plate. Since the blood is no longer being circulated through the body, the lactic acid starts to break down the muscle and connective tissues around it.<ref name="goodcooking"/> |
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⚫ | The process takes at a minimum eleven days. The longer the meat is hung, the better the flavor will be, but also the higher the chance that the meat will spoil. Most companies limit hanging to 20–30 days.<ref name="about.com"/> Up to 10–15% of the water content may evaporate.<ref name ="goodcooking"/> |
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Meat hanging has lost popularity due to its expense. Since the process requires a large room with specific environmental needs as well as constant attention, the price per pound of hung meat is substantial. Furthermore the price of hung meat is compounded because of the high chance of the meat spoiling.<ref name="winnmeat" /> Therefore, wet-aged beef is more commonly seen in grocery stores, as dry aged beef is 15-25% more expensive per pound.<ref name="goodcooking" /> |
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⚫ | As the meat ages, its color goes from red to purple, and the texture becomes firmer.<ref name="goodcooking"/> |
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In the 1960s, the cheaper [[Beef aging#Wet-aged beef|wet-aging process]] largely displaced dry aging as dry-aged meat is 15–25% more expensive than wet-aged beef: dry hanging rooms are expensive; meat weight is reduced through evaporation; and some proportion of meat spoils.<ref name="winnmeat" /><ref name="goodcooking" /> |
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Dry aging became more popular in the 1980s, and dry aged beef continues to be sold in high-end restaurants around the world.<ref name="winnmeat" /> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist|refs= |
{{Reflist|refs= |
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<ref name="winnmeat">{{ cite web | title = What is Dry Aging? | url = http://www.winnmeat.com/dryaging.shtml | date = February 2011 | publisher = Winn Meat Company }}</ref> |
<ref name="winnmeat">{{ cite web | title = What is Dry Aging? | url = http://www.winnmeat.com/dryaging.shtml | date = February 2011 | publisher = Winn Meat Company|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726071857/http://www.winnmeat.com/dryaging.shtml|archive-date=July 26, 2011}}</ref> |
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<ref name="goodcooking">{{ cite web | title = Dry Aging Beef | url = http://goodcooking.com/steak/dry_aging.htm | date = March 2009 | publisher = GoodCooking }}</ref> |
<ref name="goodcooking">{{ cite web | title = Dry Aging Beef | url = http://goodcooking.com/steak/dry_aging.htm | date = March 2009 | publisher = GoodCooking }}</ref> |
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<ref name="about.com">{{ cite web | author = Riches, Derrick | title = Aging Beef – Dry Aging: The nearly lost art of the great Steak | url = http://bbq.about.com/cs/beef/a/aa030301a.htm | date = February 2011 | publisher = About.com }}</ref> |
<ref name="about.com">{{ cite web | author = Riches, Derrick | title = Aging Beef – Dry Aging: The nearly lost art of the great Steak | url = http://bbq.about.com/cs/beef/a/aa030301a.htm | date = February 2011 | publisher = About.com }}</ref> |
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{{Meat}} |
{{Meat|state=expanded}} |
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{{Beef}} |
{{Beef}} |
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Meat hanging is the culinary process of dry-aging meat to develop its flavor and tenderness.
It is applied both to beef and to game.
Traditionally, game meat was hung until "high" or "gamey", that is, approaching a state of decomposition.[1]
For dry-aged beef, the meat is hung in a room kept between 33–37 degrees Fahrenheit (1–3 degrees Celsius), with relative humidity of around 85%. If the room is too hot, the meat will spoil, and if it is too cold, the meat freezes and dry aging stops. Good ventilation prevents bacteria from developing on the meat. The meat is checked on regularly.[2]
Meat hanging allows processes to continue in the meat that would normally cease in dead animals. For example, the muscles in the meat continue to use the hemoglobin that is stored in the soft tissue of the animal. This normal biological process creates lactic acid. Contrary to popular belief, animals cannot be completely drained of bodily fluid during slaughter, since soft tissue necessarily retains some amount of fluid. This can be well observed by cooking a steak and observing "blood" on the plate. Since the blood is no longer being circulated through the body, the lactic acid starts to break down the muscle and connective tissues around it.[3]
The process takes at a minimum eleven days. The longer the meat is hung, the better the flavor will be, but also the higher the chance that the meat will spoil. Most companies limit hanging to 20–30 days.[2] Up to 10–15% of the water content may evaporate.[3]
As the meat ages, its color goes from red to purple, and the texture becomes firmer.[3]
In the 1960s, the cheaper wet-aging process largely displaced dry aging as dry-aged meat is 15–25% more expensive than wet-aged beef: dry hanging rooms are expensive; meat weight is reduced through evaporation; and some proportion of meat spoils.[4][3]
Dry aging became more popular in the 1980s, and dry aged beef continues to be sold in high-end restaurants around the world.[4]
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Poultry |
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Livestock |
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Game |
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Fish |
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Shellfish and other seafood |
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Insects |
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Cuts and preparation |
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List articles |
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Ethics and psychology |
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Alternatives |
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Meat science |
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Meat industry |
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Related subjects |
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