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==Biology and ecology== |
==Biology and ecology== |
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A marine species that prefers [[brackish]] water and [[subtropical]] temperatures, the Mediterranean horse mackerel is oceandromous, that is it [[Fish migration|migrate]]s within its native bodies of water. It feeds primarily on [[sardine]]s, [[anchovy|anchovies]], and small [[crustacean]]s.<ref name=fishbase/> It [[ |
A marine species that prefers [[brackish]] water and [[subtropical]] temperatures, the Mediterranean horse mackerel is oceandromous, that is it [[Fish migration|migrate]]s within its native bodies of water. It feeds primarily on [[sardine]]s, [[anchovy|anchovies]], and small [[crustacean]]s.<ref name=fishbase/> It [[shoal]]s with other members of its genus, such as ''[[Trachurus trachurus|T. trachurus]]'' and ''[[Trachurus picturatus|T. picturatus]]''.<ref name=fao/> |
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Like other mackerels, the Mediterranean horse mackerel's reproduction is [[oviparous]]. Its reproductive cycle is divided into three distinct stages, the prereproductive, reproductive, and postreproductive. The prereproductive stages occurs from January to April and the postreproductive stage occurs from September to December. During these periods, the gonads are much smaller than the reproductive stage. Mating occurs in the summer from May to August, during which testes and ovaries grow significantly in size. The ovaries become a dark orange color and eggs are visible on the surface.<ref name=viette/> Embryonic development occurs in 24–26 hours.<ref name=pora>{{cite journal |last=Pora |first=E. |title=Le chinchard de la Mer Noire (Trachurus mediterraneus ponticus), étude monographique |journal=Institut Roumain de Recherches Marines |pages=753 |year=1979}}</ref> Eggs are pelagic<ref name=fishbase/> and {{convert|0.71|-|0.92|mm|in|abbr=on}} in length.<ref name=sahin/> Sexual maturity is reached at 2 years of age and around {{convert|16|cm|in|abbr=on}} in length for both males and females.<ref name=viette>{{cite journal |last=Viette |first=Michèle |author2=Piero Giulio Giulianini |author3=Enrico Antonio Ferrero |title=Reproductive biology of scad, ''Trachurus mediterraneus'' (Teolostei, Carangidae), from the Gulf of Trieste |journal=ICES Journal of Marine Science |volume=54 |issue=2 |year=1997 |pages=267–272 |doi=10.1006/jmsc.1996.0185 |doi-access=free }}</ref> |
Like other mackerels, the Mediterranean horse mackerel's reproduction is [[oviparous]]. Its reproductive cycle is divided into three distinct stages, the prereproductive, reproductive, and postreproductive. The prereproductive stages occurs from January to April and the postreproductive stage occurs from September to December. During these periods, the gonads are much smaller than the reproductive stage. Mating occurs in the summer from May to August, during which testes and ovaries grow significantly in size. The ovaries become a dark orange color and eggs are visible on the surface.<ref name=viette/> Embryonic development occurs in 24–26 hours.<ref name=pora>{{cite journal |last=Pora |first=E. |title=Le chinchard de la Mer Noire (Trachurus mediterraneus ponticus), étude monographique |journal=Institut Roumain de Recherches Marines |pages=753 |year=1979}}</ref> Eggs are pelagic<ref name=fishbase/> and {{convert|0.71|-|0.92|mm|in|abbr=on}} in length.<ref name=sahin/> Sexual maturity is reached at 2 years of age and around {{convert|16|cm|in|abbr=on}} in length for both males and females.<ref name=viette>{{cite journal |last=Viette |first=Michèle |author2=Piero Giulio Giulianini |author3=Enrico Antonio Ferrero |title=Reproductive biology of scad, ''Trachurus mediterraneus'' (Teolostei, Carangidae), from the Gulf of Trieste |journal=ICES Journal of Marine Science |volume=54 |issue=2 |year=1997 |pages=267–272 |doi=10.1006/jmsc.1996.0185 |doi-access=free }}</ref> |
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Greek: Ά ά Έ έ Ή ή Ί ί Ό ό Ύ ύ Ώ ώ Α α Β β Γ γ Δ δ Ε ε Ζ ζ Η η Θ θ Ι ι Κ κ Λ λ Μ μ Ν ν Ξ ξ Ο ο Π π Ρ ρ Σ σ ς Τ τ Υ υ Φ φ Χ χ Ψ ψ Ω ω {{Polytonic|}}
Cyrillic: А а Б б В в Г г Ґ ґ Ѓ ѓ Д д Ђ ђ Е е Ё ё Є є Ж ж З з Ѕ ѕ И и І і Ї ї Й й Ј ј К к Ќ ќ Л л Љ љ М м Н н Њ њ О о П п Р р С с Т т Ћ ћ У у Ў ў Ф ф Х х Ц ц Ч ч Џ џ Ш ш Щ щ Ъ ъ Ы ы Ь ь Э э Ю ю Я я ́
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