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[[File:Astronaut Nationalities.svg|thumb|260px|Map of countries (and successor states) whose citizens have flown in space as of |
[[File:Astronaut Nationalities.svg|thumb|260px|Map of countries (and successor states) whose citizens have flown in space as of January 2024. Countries represented only by suborbital space flyers are shaded. <br> Note: citizens from the now-defunct East Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Soviet Union have also flown in space.]] |
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Since the first [[human spaceflight]] by the [[Soviet Union]], citizens of |
Since the first [[human spaceflight]] by the [[Soviet Union]], citizens of 47 countries have flown in space. For each nationality, the launch date of the first mission is listed. The list is based on the nationality of the person at the time of the launch. Only 7of48 countries have been represented by female "first flyers" ([[Helen Sharman]] for the United Kingdom in 1991, [[Anousheh Ansari]] for Iran in 2006, [[Yi So-yeon]] for South Korea in 2008, [[Sara Sabry]] for Egypt in 2022, and [[Keisha Schahaff]] and [[Anastatia Mayers]] for Antigua and Barbuda in 2023, [[Namira Salim]] for Pakistan in 2023, [[Marina Vasilevskaya]] for Belarus in 2024). Only three nations (Soviet Union/Russia, U.S., China) have launched their own crewed spacecraft, with the Soviets/Russians and the American programs providing rides to other nations' astronauts. Twenty-eight "first flights" occurred on Soviet or Russian flights while the United States carried eighteen. |
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==Timeline== |
==Timeline== |
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Note: All dates given are [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]. Countries indicated in '''bold''' have achieved independent human spaceflight capability. |
Note: All dates given are [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]. Countries indicated in '''bold''' have achieved independent human spaceflight capability. |
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<!--Note: Names are not added to this list until after their flight lifts off. --> |
<!--Note: Names are not added to this list until after their flight lifts off. --> |
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{{Import style|sticky}} |
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{| class="wikitable nowraplinks" cellpadding="5" |
{| class="wikitable nowraplinks" cellpadding="5" |
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! No. |
! No. |
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! Country |
! Country |
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|21||{{flag|Japan}}||[[Toyohiro Akiyama]]{{efn|name=SpaceTourists}}<ref name="tourist">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/329522.stm|title=BBC News - Sci/Tech - Expensive ticket to ride|website=News.bbc.co.uk|access-date=11 August 2017}}</ref>||{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Soyuz TM-11]]||2 December 1990 |
|21||{{flag|Japan}}||[[Toyohiro Akiyama]]{{efn|name=SpaceTourists}}<ref name="tourist">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/329522.stm|title=BBC News - Sci/Tech - Expensive ticket to ride|website=News.bbc.co.uk|access-date=11 August 2017}}</ref>||{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Soyuz TM-11]]||2 December 1990 |
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|22||{{flag|United Kingdom}}||[[Helen Sharman]]{{efn|name=SpaceTourists}}<ref name="tourist"/>||{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Soyuz TM-12]]||18 May 1991 |
|22||{{flag|United Kingdom}}||[[Helen Sharman]]{{efn|name=SpaceTourists}}<ref name="tourist"/>||{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Soyuz TM-12]]||18 May 1991 |
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|23||{{flag|Austria}}||[[Franz Viehböck]]||{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Soyuz TM-13]]||2 October 1991 |
|23||{{flag|Austria}}||[[Franz Viehböck]]||{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Soyuz TM-13]]||2 October 1991 |
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|'''24'''||'''{{flag|Russia|1991}}{{efn|name=SovietUnion1}}'''||[[Aleksandr Kaleri]]<br>[[Aleksandr Viktorenko]]||{{flagicon|Russia|1991}} [[Soyuz TM-14]]||17 March 1992 |
|'''24'''||'''{{flag|Russia|1991}}{{efn|name=SovietUnion1}}'''||[[Aleksandr Kaleri]]<br>[[Aleksandr Viktorenko]]||{{flagicon|Russia|1991}} [[Soyuz TM-14]]||17 March 1992 |
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|25||{{flag|Belgium}}||[[Dirk Frimout]]||{{flagicon|United States}} [[STS-45]]||24 March 1992 |
|25||{{flag|Belgium}}||[[Dirk Frimout]]||{{flagicon|United States}} [[STS-45]]||24 March 1992 |
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|28||{{flag|Ukraine}}{{efn|name=SovietUnion1}}||[[Leonid Kadenyuk]]||{{flagicon|United States}} [[STS-87]]||19 November 1997 |
|28||{{flag|Ukraine}}{{efn|name=SovietUnion1}}||[[Leonid Kadenyuk]]||{{flagicon|United States}} [[STS-87]]||19 November 1997 |
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|29||{{flag|Spain}}||[[Pedro Duque]]||{{flagicon|United States}} [[STS-95]]||29 October 1998 |
|29||{{flag|Spain}}||[[Pedro Duque]]||{{flagicon|United States}} [[STS-95]]||29 October 1998 |
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|30||{{flag|Slovakia}}{{efn|name=Czechoslovakia}}||[[Ivan Bella]]||{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Soyuz TM-29]]||20 February 1999 |
|30||{{flag|Slovakia}}{{efn|name=Czechoslovakia}}||[[Ivan Bella]]||{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Soyuz TM-29]]||20 February 1999 |
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| colspan="5" style="background:#ffdead; text-align:center;"|2000s |
| colspan="5" style="background:#ffdead; text-align:center;"|2000s |
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|31||{{flag|South Africa}}||[[Mark Shuttleworth]]{{efn|name=SpaceTourists}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1945950.stm|title=BBC News - SCI/TECH - Space tourist lifts off|website=News.bbc.co.uk|access-date=11 August 2017}}</ref>||{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Soyuz TM-34]]||25 April 2002 |
|31||{{flag|South Africa}}||[[Mark Shuttleworth]]{{efn|name=SpaceTourists}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1945950.stm|title=BBC News - SCI/TECH - Space tourist lifts off|website=News.bbc.co.uk|access-date=11 August 2017}}</ref>||{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Soyuz TM-34]]||25 April 2002 |
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|32||{{flag|Israel}}{{efn|name=Israel}}||[[Ilan Ramon]]||{{flagicon|United States}} [[STS-107]]||16 January 2003 |
|32||{{flag|Israel}}{{efn|name=Israel}}||[[Ilan Ramon]]||{{flagicon|United States}} [[STS-107]]||16 January 2003 |
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|'''33'''||'''{{flag|China}}'''||[[Yang Liwei]]||{{flagicon|China}} [[Shenzhou 5]]||15 October 2003 |
|'''33'''||'''{{flag|China}}'''||[[Yang Liwei]]||{{flagicon|China}} [[Shenzhou 5]]||15 October 2003 |
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|34||{{flag|Brazil}}||[[Marcos Pontes]]||{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Soyuz TMA-8]]||30 March 2006 |
|34||{{flag|Brazil}}||[[Marcos Pontes]]||{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Soyuz TMA-8]]||30 March 2006 |
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|35||{{flag|Iran}}{{efn|name=Ansari}}||[[Anousheh Ansari]]{{efn|name=SpaceTourists}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/5355022.stm|title=BBC NEWS - Science/Nature - Lift-off for woman space tourist|website=News.bbc.co.uk|access-date=11 August 2017}}</ref>||{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Soyuz TMA-9]]||18 September 2006 |
|35||{{flag|Iran}}{{efn|name=Ansari}}||[[Anousheh Ansari]]{{efn|name=SpaceTourists}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/5355022.stm|title=BBC NEWS - Science/Nature - Lift-off for woman space tourist|website=News.bbc.co.uk|access-date=11 August 2017}}</ref>||{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Soyuz TMA-9]]||18 September 2006 |
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|36||{{flag|Sweden}}||[[Christer Fuglesang]]||{{flagicon|United States}} [[STS-116]]||10 December 2006 |
|36||{{flag|Sweden}}||[[Christer Fuglesang]]||{{flagicon|United States}} [[STS-116]]||10 December 2006 |
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|45||{{Flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}{{efn|name=Suborbital}}|| [[Keisha Schahaff]]{{efn|name=SpaceTourists}}<br>[[Anastatia Mayers]]{{efn|name=SpaceTourists}}||{{flagicon|USA}} [[Galactic 02]]{{efn|name=SpaceShipTwo}}||10 August 2023 |
|45||{{Flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}{{efn|name=Suborbital}}|| [[Keisha Schahaff]]{{efn|name=SpaceTourists}}<br>[[Anastatia Mayers]]{{efn|name=SpaceTourists}}||{{flagicon|USA}} [[Galactic 02]]{{efn|name=SpaceShipTwo}}||10 August 2023 |
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|46||{{Flag|Pakistan}}{{efn|name=Suborbital}}|| [[Namira Salim]]{{efn|name=SpaceTourists}}||{{flagicon|USA}} [[Galactic 04]]{{efn|name=SpaceShipTwo}}||6 October 2023 |
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|47 |
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|{{flagicon|TR}} [[Turkey]] |
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|[[Alper Gezeravcı]] |
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|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Axiom Mission 3]] |
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|18 January 2024 |
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|48 |
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|{{Flagicon|Belarus}} [[Belarus]]{{efn|name=SovietUnion1}} |
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|[[Marina Vasilevskaya]] |
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|{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Soyuz MS-25]] |
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|23 March 2024 |
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{{efn|name=Germany|In 1978, both Jähn himself and the [[German Democratic Republic]] pronounced him the "first [[Germans|German]] in space", rather than the first "citizen of the German Democratic Republic in space". In 1990, the states of the former East Germany acceded to the [[West Germany|Federal Republic of Germany]]. On 22 January 1992, Ulf Merbold again traveled into space, now representing the [[German reunification|reunited Germany within the Federal Republic of Germany]]. Jähn is, nevertheless, still considered the first German in space, even in the states of the Federal Republic of Germany that comprised the former West Germany.}} |
{{efn|name=Germany|In 1978, both Jähn himself and the [[German Democratic Republic]] pronounced him the "first [[Germans|German]] in space", rather than the first "citizen of the German Democratic Republic in space". In 1990, the states of the former East Germany acceded to the [[West Germany|Federal Republic of Germany]]. On 22 January 1992, Ulf Merbold again traveled into space, now representing the [[German reunification|reunited Germany within the Federal Republic of Germany]]. Jähn is, nevertheless, still considered the first German in space, even in the states of the Federal Republic of Germany that comprised the former West Germany.}} |
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{{efn|name=SpaceTourists|This person flew as a commercial, non-governmental space traveller. Apart from Akiyama and Sharman, these space travellers are known as [[space tourist]]s.}} |
{{efn|name=SpaceTourists|This person flew as a commercial, non-governmental space traveller. Apart from Akiyama and Sharman, these space travellers are known as [[space tourist]]s.}} |
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{{efn|name=Israel|Ilan Ramon was the first Israeli to go into space, but Ramon died during reentry during the [[Space Shuttle Columbia disaster|Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' disaster]]. His close friend and colleague, [[Eytan Stibbe]], would later become the first Israeli to return from space alive, with the conclusion of [[ |
{{efn|name=Israel|Ilan Ramon was the first Israeli to go into space, but Ramon died during reentry during the [[Space Shuttle Columbia disaster|Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' disaster]]. His close friend and colleague, [[Eytan Stibbe]], would later become the first Israeli to return from space alive, with the conclusion of [[Axiom Mission 1|Axiom-1]] in 2022.}} |
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{{efn|name=Ansari|Although recognized as an Iranian citizen by Iranian law, Ansari is also an American citizen and was prohibited from wearing Iranian state symbols by both the United States and Russian governments.}} |
{{efn|name=Ansari|Although recognized as an Iranian citizen by Iranian law, Ansari is also an American citizen and was prohibited from wearing Iranian state symbols by both the United States and Russian governments.}} |
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{{efn|name=Suborbital|This flight was suborbital.}} |
{{efn|name=Suborbital|This flight was suborbital.}} |
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* [[John Herrington]], an American citizen first launched 24 November 2002, is the first ''tribal registered'' [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] in space ([[Chickasaw]]). See also [[William Pogue|Bill Pogue]] above. |
* [[John Herrington]], an American citizen first launched 24 November 2002, is the first ''tribal registered'' [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] in space ([[Chickasaw]]). See also [[William Pogue|Bill Pogue]] above. |
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* [[Fyodor Yurchikhin]], first launched 7 October 2002, was born in [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] (then the [[Georgian SSR]]). He was a Russian citizen at the time he went into space and is of [[Pontian Greek]] descent. |
* [[Fyodor Yurchikhin]], first launched 7 October 2002, was born in [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] (then the [[Georgian SSR]]). He was a Russian citizen at the time he went into space and is of [[Pontian Greek]] descent. |
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* [[Fernando Caldeiro]], first launched January 2006, was born in [[Argentina]], but worked under NASA as an American citizen. |
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* [[Joseph M. Acaba]], first launched 15 March 2009, was born in the [[U.S. state]] of [[California]] to American parents of [[Puerto Rico|Puerto Rican]] descent. |
* [[Joseph M. Acaba]], first launched 15 March 2009, was born in the [[U.S. state]] of [[California]] to American parents of [[Puerto Rico|Puerto Rican]] descent. |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*[http://www.cbsnews.com/network/news/space/democurrent.html Current Space Demographics], compiled by William Harwood, CBS News Space Consultant, and Rob Navias, NASA. |
* [http://www.cbsnews.com/network/news/space/democurrent.html Current Space Demographics], compiled by William Harwood, CBS News Space Consultant, and Rob Navias, NASA. |
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{{Space exploration lists and timelines}} |
{{Space exploration lists and timelines}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Timeline Of Space Travel By Nationality}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Timeline Of Space Travel By Nationality}} |
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[[Category:Lists of astronauts by nationality|*]] |
[[Category:Lists of astronauts by nationality|*]] |
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[[Category:Lists of firsts in space]] |
[[Category:Lists of firsts in outer space]] |
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[[Category:Spaceflight timelines|*]] |
[[Category:Spaceflight timelines|*]] |
Since the first human spaceflight by the Soviet Union, citizens of 47 countries have flown in space. For each nationality, the launch date of the first mission is listed. The list is based on the nationality of the person at the time of the launch. Only 7 of 48 countries have been represented by female "first flyers" (Helen Sharman for the United Kingdom in 1991, Anousheh Ansari for Iran in 2006, Yi So-yeon for South Korea in 2008, Sara Sabry for Egypt in 2022, and Keisha Schahaff and Anastatia Mayers for Antigua and Barbuda in 2023, Namira Salim for Pakistan in 2023, Marina Vasilevskaya for Belarus in 2024). Only three nations (Soviet Union/Russia, U.S., China) have launched their own crewed spacecraft, with the Soviets/Russians and the American programs providing rides to other nations' astronauts. Twenty-eight "first flights" occurred on Soviet or Russian flights while the United States carried eighteen.
Note: All dates given are UTC. Countries indicated in bold have achieved independent human spaceflight capability.
The above list uses the nationality at the time of launch. Lists with differing criteria might include the following people:
Spaceflight lists and timelines
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