This is an alphabetical list of astronauts, people selected to train for a human spaceflight program to command, pilot, or serve as a crew member of a spacecraft.
For a list of everyone who has flown in space, see List of space travelers by name.
More than 600 people have been trained as astronauts. Until recently, astronauts were sponsored and trained exclusively by governments, either by the military or by civilian space agencies. However, with the advent of suborbital flight starting with privately funded SpaceShipOne in 2004, a new category of astronaut was created: the commercial astronaut.
While the term astronaut is sometimes applied to anyone who trains for travel into space—including scientists, politicians, journalists, and tourists—this article lists only professional astronauts, those who have been selected to train professionally. This includes national space programs, industry and commercial space programs which train and/or hire their own professional astronauts.
The flags indicate the astronaut's primary citizenship during his or her time as an astronaut. The symbol 
identifies female astronauts. The symbol △ indicates astronauts who have left low Earth orbit. The symbol ▲ indicates astronauts who have walked on the Moon. The symbol † indicates astronauts who have died in incidents related to a space program.
Joseph M. Acaba (1967–) — STS-119, Soyuz TMA-04M, Soyuz MS-06 Loren Acton (1936–) — STS-51-F Mike Adams (1930–1967) † — Died in the X-15 Flight 191 break up. James Adamson (1946–) — STS-28, STS-43
Viktor M. Afanasyev — Soyuz TM-11, Soyuz TM-18, Soyuz TM-29, Soyuz TM-33/32
Aydyn Aimbetov — Soyuz TMA-18M Thomas Akers — STS-41, STS-49, STS-61, STS-79 Vladimir Aksyonov — Soyuz 22, Soyuz T-2 Buzz Aldrin △▲ — Gemini 12, Apollo 11. Second person to walk on the Moon.
Aleksandar Panayotov Aleksandrov — Soyuz TM-5 Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov — Soyuz T-9, Soyuz TM-3
Ali AlQarni — Axiom Mission 2 Andrew M. Allen — STS-46, STS-62, STS-75 Joseph P. Allen — STS-5, STS-51-A Michael Alsbury † — Commercial astronaut, died in the VSSEnterprise test flight PF04 crash Christopher Altman — NASA-trained commercial astronaut, Association of Spaceflight Professionals 2011[1][2] Scott Altman — STS-90, STS-106, STS-109, STS-125 William Anders (1933–2024) △ — Apollo 8 Clayton Anderson — STS-117/120, STS-131 Michael P. Anderson (1959–2003) † — STS-89. Died in the Columbia reentry disintegration (STS-107).
Dominic A. Antonelli — STS-119, STS-132 Jerome Apt — STS-37, STS-47, STS-59, STS-79 Lee Archambault — STS-117, STS-119 Neil Armstrong (1930–2012) △▲ — Gemini 8, Apollo 11. First person to walk on the Moon.[3][4]
Anousheh Ansari — Soyuz TMA-9 Oleg Artemyev — Soyuz TMA-12M, Soyuz MS-08, Soyuz MS-21 Richard R. Arnold — STS-119, Soyuz MS-08 Anatoly Artsebarsky — Soyuz TM-12 Yuri Artyukhin (1930–1998) — Soyuz 14 Jeffrey Ashby — STS-93, STS-100, STS-112 Oleg Atkov — Soyuz T-10/11 Toktar Aubakirov — Soyuz TM-13/12 Serena M. Auñón-Chancellor — Soyuz MS-09, Expedition 56/57 Sergei Avdeyev — Soyuz TM-15, Soyuz TM-22 James P. Bagian, M.D. — STS-29, STS-40 Ellen S. Baker, M.D. — STS-34, STS-50, STS-71 Michael Baker — STS-43, STS-52, STS-68, STS-81 Aleksandr Balandin — Soyuz TM-9 Michael R. Barratt, M.D. — Soyuz TMA-14, STS-133, SpaceX Crew-8 Rayyanah Barnawi — Axiom Mission 2 Kayla Barron— SpaceX Crew-3 Daniel Barry — STS-72, STS-96, STS-105 John-David F. Bartoe — STS-51-F Charlie Bassett (1931–1966) — No flights. Originally assigned to Gemini 9. Yuri Baturin — Soyuz TM-28/27, Soyuz TM-32/31
Patrick Baudry — STS-51-G Alan Bean (1932–2018) △▲ — Apollo 12, Skylab 3 Robert L. Behnken — STS-123, STS-130, Crew Dragon Demo-2
Ivan Bella — Soyuz TM-29/28 Pavel Belyayev (1925–1970) — Voskhod 2
Katherine Bennell-Pegg — No flights Georgi Beregovoi (1921–1995) — Soyuz 3 Anatoli Berezovoy (1942–2014) — Soyuz T-5/7 Brian Binnie — SpaceShipOne flight 17P John Blaha — STS-29, STS-33, STS-43, STS-58, STS-79/81 Michael J. Bloomfield — STS-86, STS-97, STS-110 Guion Bluford — STS-8, STS-61-A, STS-39, STS-53 Karol Bobko (1937–2023) — STS-6, STS-51-D, STS-51-J Eric A. Boe — STS-126, STS-133 Charles Bolden — STS-61-C, STS-31, STS-45, STS-60
Roberta Bondar, M.D. — STS-42 Valentin Bondarenko (1937–1961) † — No flights. Died from a training-related fire accident. Andrei Borisenko — Soyuz TMA-21, Soyuz MS-02 Konstantin Borisov — SpaceX Crew-7 Frank Borman (1928–2023) △ — Gemini 7, Apollo 8 Stephen G. Bowen — STS-126, STS-132, STS-133, SpaceX Crew-6 Kenneth Bowersox — STS-50, STS-61, STS-73, STS-82, STS-113/Soyuz TMA-1 Charles E. Brady Jr., M.D. (1951–2006) — STS-78 Vance Brand — Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, STS-5, STS-41-B, STS-35 Daniel Brandenstein — STS-8, STS-51-G, STS-32, STS-49 Randolph Bresnik — STS-129 Roy Bridges — STS-51-F Curtis Brown — STS-47, STS-66, STS-77, STS-85, STS-95, STS-103 David M. Brown (1956–2003) † — Died in the Columbia reentry disintegration (STS-107) Mark Brown — STS-28, STS-48 James Buchli — STS-51-C, STS-61-A, STS-29, STS-48 Jay C. Buckey, M.D. — STS-90 Nikolai Budarin — STS-71/Soyuz TM-21, Soyuz TM-27, STS-113/Soyuz TMA-1 John S. Bull (1934–2008) — No flights. Daniel Burbank — STS-106, STS-115, Soyuz TMA-22 Daniel Bursch — STS-51, STS-68, STS-77, STS-108/111 Valery Bykovsky (1934–2019) — Vostok 5, Soyuz 22, Soyuz 31/29 Robert D. Cabana — STS-41, STS-53, STS-65, STS-88 Yvonne Cagle, M.D. — No flights.
Cai Xuzhe — Shenzhou 14 Fernando Caldeiro (1958–2009) — No flights. Charles Camarda — STS-114 Kenneth D. Cameron — STS-37, STS-56, STS-74 Zena Cardman — No flights. Duane G. Carey — STS-109 Scott Carpenter (1925–2013) — Mercury 7[5] Gerald Carr (1932–2020) — Skylab 4 Sonny Carter, M.D. (1947–1991) — STS-33 John Casper — STS-36, STS-54, STS-62, STS-77 Josh Cassada — SpaceX Crew-5 Christopher Cassidy — STS-127 Soyuz MS-16 Robert J. Cenker — STS-61-C Eugene Cernan (1934–2017) △▲ — Gemini 9A, Apollo 10, Apollo 17 Roger B. Chaffee (1935–1967) † — Died in the Apollo 1 fire accident. Gregory Chamitoff — STS-124/126, STS-134
Franklin Chang-Diaz — STS-61-C, STS-34, STS-46, STS-60, STS-75, STS-91, STS-111 Philip K. Chapman — No flights. Raja Chari — SpaceX Crew-3
Kalpana Chawla (1961–2003) † — STS-87. Died in the Columbia reentry disintegration (STS-107).
Maurizio Cheli — STS-75 Chen Dong — Shenzhou 11, Shenzhou 14. Chen Quan — No flights. Backup for Shenzhou 7. Leroy Chiao — STS-65, STS-72, STS-92, Soyuz TMA-5 Kevin P. Chilton — STS-49, STS-59, STS-76 Jean-Loup Chrétien — Soyuz T-6, Soyuz TM-7/6, STS-86 Nikolai Chub — Soyuz MS-24/MS-25 Laurel B. Clark, M.D. (1961–2003) † — Died in the Columbia reentry disintegration (STS-107) Mary L. Cleave (1947–2023) — STS-61-B, STS-30 Jean-François Clervoy, EAC — STS-66, STS-84, STS-103 Michael R. Clifford (1952–2021) — STS-53, STS-59, STS-76 Michael Coats — STS-41-D, STS-29, STS-39 Kenneth Cockrell — STS-56, STS-69, STS-80, STS-98, STS-111 Catherine Coleman — STS-73, STS-93, Soyuz TMA-20 Eileen Collins — STS-63, STS-84, STS-93, STS-114 Michael Collins (1930–2021) △ — Gemini 10, Apollo 11 Charles "Pete" Conrad (1930–1999) △▲ — Gemini 5, Gemini 11, Apollo 12, Skylab 2 Gordon Cooper (1927–2004) — Mercury 9, Gemini 5 Richard O. Covey — STS-51-I, STS-26, STS-38, STS-61 Timothy Creamer — Soyuz TMA-17 John O. Creighton — STS-51-G, STS-36, STS-48 Robert Crippen — STS-1, STS-7, STS-41-C, STS-41-G Samantha Cristoforetti — Soyuz TMA-15M, SpaceX Crew-4 (2022) Roger K. Crouch — STS-83, STS-94 Frank L. Culbertson Jr. — STS-38, STS-51, STS-105/108 Walter Cunningham (1932–2023)— Apollo 7 Robert Curbeam — STS-85, STS-98, STS-116 Nancy J. Currie — STS-57, STS-70, STS-88, STS-109 Bill Dana (1930–2014) — X-15 flights 174 and 197 Nancy Jan Davis — STS-47, STS-60, STS-85 Lawrence J. DeLucas — STS-50
Frank De Winne — Soyuz TMA-1/TM-34, Soyuz TMA-15 Deng Qingming — Shenzhou 15 Vladimir N. Dezhurov — Soyuz TM-21/STS-71 Georgi Dobrovolski (1928–1971) † — Died in the Soyuz 11 reentry depressurisation
Takao Doi — STS-87, STS-123 Matthew Dominick — SpaceX Crew-8 B. Alvin Drew — STS-118, STS-133 Pyotr Dubrov — Soyuz MS-18, Soyuz MS-19 Brian Duffy — STS-45, STS-57, STS-72, STS-92 Charles Duke △▲ — Apollo 16 Bonnie J. Dunbar — STS-61-A, STS-32, STS-50, STS-71, STS-89 Alexander Dunlap — APS STS-90
Pedro Duque — STS-95, Soyuz TMA-3/2 Samuel T. Durrance (1943–2023) — STS-35, STS-67 James Dutton — STS-131 Lev Dyomin (1926–1998) — Soyuz 15 Tracy Caldwell Dyson — STS-118, Soyuz TMA-18, Soyuz MS-25 Vladimir Dzhanibekov — Soyuz 27/26, Soyuz 39, Soyuz T-6, Soyuz T-12, Soyuz T-13 Joe Edwards — STS-89 Donn F. Eisele (1930–1987) — Apollo 7 Anthony W. England — STS-51-F Joe H. Engle — X-15 flights 138, 143, and 153, STS-2, STS-51-I Jeanette J. Epps — SpaceX Crew-8 Ronald Evans (1933–1990) △ — Apollo 17
Reinhold Ewald — Soyuz TM-25/24 Léopold Eyharts, EAC — Soyuz TM-27/26, STS-122/123 John Fabian — STS-7, STS-51-G
Muhammed Faris — Soyuz TM-3/2
Bertalan Farkas — Soyuz 36/35 Jean-Jacques Favier — STS-78 Andrey Fedyaev — SpaceX Crew-6 Fei Junlong — Shenzhou 6, Shenzhou 15 Konstantin Feoktistov (1926–2009) — Voskhod 1 Christopher Ferguson — STS-115, STS-126, STS-135 Martin J. Fettman — STS-58 Andrew J. Feustel — STS-125, STS-134, Soyuz MS-08 Anatoly Filipchenko — Soyuz 7, Soyuz 16 Michael Fincke — Soyuz TMA-4, Soyuz TMA-13, STS-134 John L. Finley (1935–2006) — No flights. Trained for the MOL program. Jack D. Fischer — Soyuz MS-04 Anna Lee Fisher, M.D. — STS-51-A William Frederick Fisher, M.D. — STS-51-I Klaus-Dietrich Flade — Soyuz TM-14/13
Michael Foale — STS-45, STS-56, STS-63, STS-84/86, STS-103, Soyuz TMA-3 Kevin A. Ford — STS-128, Soyuz TMA-06M Michael Foreman — STS-123, STS-129 Patrick Forrester — STS-105, STS-117, STS-128 Michael Fossum — STS-121, STS-124, Soyuz TMA-02M Ted Freeman (1930–1964) — No flights Stephen Frick — STS-110, STS-122 Dirk Frimout — STS-45
Christer Fuglesang — STS-116, STS-128 Gordon Fullerton (1936–2013) — STS-3, STS-51-F Reinhard Furrer (1940–1995) — STS-61-A Satoshi Furukawa — Soyuz TMA-02M, SpaceX Crew-7 F. Drew Gaffney, M.D. — STS-40 Yuri Gagarin (1934–1968)† — Vostok 1. First person in space. Died in a training flight. Ronald Garan — STS-124, Soyuz TMA-21 Dale Gardner (1948–2014) — STS-8, STS-51-A Guy Gardner — STS-27, STS-35 Marc Garneau — STS-41-G, STS-77, STS-97 Owen Garriott (1930–2019) — Skylab 3, STS-9 Charles Gemar — STS-38, STS-48, STS-62 Michael Gernhardt — STS-69, STS-83, STS-94, STS-104 Alexander Gerst — Soyuz TMA-13M
Alper Gezeravcı — Axiom Mission 3 (2024) Edward Gibson — Skylab 4 Robert L. Gibson — STS-41-B, STS-61-C, STS-27, STS-47, STS-71 Yuri Gidzenko — Soyuz TM-22, Soyuz TM-31/STS-102, Soyuz TM-34/Soyuz TM-33 Ed Givens (1930–1967) — No flights. NASA group 5. Yuri Glazkov (1939–2008) — Soyuz 24 John Glenn (1921–2016) — Mercury 6, STS-95 Victor Glover — SpaceX Crew-1 Linda Godwin — STS-37, STS-59, STS-76, STS-108 Michael T. Good — STS-125, STS-132 Viktor Gorbatko — Soyuz 7, Soyuz 24, Soyuz 37/36 Richard Gordon (1929–2017) △ — Gemini 11, Apollo 12 Dominic Gorie — STS-91, STS-99, STS-108, STS-123 Ronald Grabe — STS-51-J, STS-30, STS-42, STS-57 Duane Graveline, M.D. (1931–2016) — No flights Alexander Grebenkin — SpaceX Crew-8 Georgi Grechko (1931–2017) — Soyuz 17, Soyuz 26/27, Soyuz T-14/13 Frederick Gregory — STS-51-B, STS-33, STS-44 William Gregory — STS-67 David Griggs (1939–1989) — STS-51-D Virgil I. "Gus" Grissom (1926–1967) † — Mercury-Redstone 4, Gemini 3. Died in the Apollo 1 fire accident. John Grunsfeld — STS-67, STS-81, STS-103, STS-109, STS-125 Aleksei Gubarev — Soyuz 17, Soyuz 28 Gui Haichao — Shenzhou 16 Umberto Guidoni — STS-75, STS-100
Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa — Soyuz 39 Sidney Gutierrez — STS-40, STS-59 Chris Hadfield — STS-74, STS-100, Expedition 34, Expedition 35, Soyuz TMA-07M Nick Hague — Soyuz MS-10, Soyuz MS-12 Claudie Haigneré, EAC — Soyuz TM-24/23, Soyuz TM-33/32 Jean-Pierre Haigneré, EAC — Soyuz TM-17/16, Soyuz TM-29 Fred Haise △ — Apollo 13 James Halsell — STS-65, STS-74, STS-83, STS-94, STS-101 Kenneth Ham — STS-124, STS-132 Christina Hammock Koch — Soyuz MS-12/Soyuz MS-13 (Expedition 59/60/61). A member of the first all-female EVA team. Lloyd Hammond — STS-39, STS-64 Jeremy Hansen — No flights Gregory Harbaugh — STS-39, STS-54, STS-71, STS-82 Bernard A. Harris Jr. — STS-55, STS-63 Terry Hart — STS-41-C Henry Hartsfield (1933–2014) — STS-4, STS-41-D, STS-61-A Frederick Hauck — STS-7, STS-51-A, STS-26 Steven Hawley — STS-41-D, STS-61-C, STS-31, STS-82, STS-93 Susan Helms — STS-54, STS-64, STS-78, STS-101, STS-102/105 Karl Henize (1926–1993) — STS-51-F Thomas Hennen — STS-44 Terence Henricks — STS-44, STS-55, STS-70, STS-78
Mirosław Hermaszewski — Soyuz 30 José M. Hernández — STS-128 John Herrington — STS-113 Richard Hieb — STS-39, STS-49, STS-65 Joan Higginbotham — STS-116 David Hilmers — STS-51-J, STS-26, STS-36, STS-42 Robert Hines — SpaceX Crew-4 (2022) Kathryn Hire — STS-90, STS-130 Charles Hobaugh — STS-104, STS-118, STS-129 Warren Hoburg — SpaceX Crew-6 Jeffrey Hoffman — STS-51-D, STS-35, STS-46, STS-61, STS-75 Donald Holmquest, M.D. — No flights Michael S. Hopkins — Soyuz TMA-10M, SpaceX Crew-1 Scott Horowitz — STS-75, STS-82, STS-101, STS-105 Akihiko Hoshide — STS-124, Soyuz TMA-05M, SpaceX Crew-2 Millie Hughes-Fulford — STS-40 Douglas G. Hurley — STS-127, STS-135, Crew Dragon Demo-2 Rick Husband (1957–2003) † — STS-96. Died in the Columbia reentry disintegration (STS-107). James Irwin (1930–1991) △▲ — Apollo 15 Aleksandr Ivanchenkov — Soyuz 29/31 Anatoli Ivanishin — Soyuz TMA-22 Soyuz MS-16 Georgi Ivanov — Soyuz 33 Marsha Ivins — STS-32, STS-46, STS-62, STS-81, STS-98
Sigmund Jähn (1937–2019) — Soyuz 31/29 Mae Jemison, M.D. — STS-47 Tamara E. Jernigan — STS-40, STS-52, STS-67, STS-80, STS-96 Brent W. Jett Jr. — STS-72, STS-81, STS-97, STS-115 Jing Haipeng — Shenzhou 7, Shenzhou 9, Shenzhou 11, Shenzhou 16 Jiang Xinlin — Shenzhou 17 Gregory C. Johnson — STS-125 Gregory H. Johnson — STS-123, STS-134 Thomas D. Jones — STS-59, STS-68, STS-80, STS-98 Zenon Jankowski — Soyuz 30 Backup
Leonid Kadeniuk (1951–2018) — STS-87 Alexander Kaleri — Soyuz TM-14, Soyuz TM-24, Soyuz TM-30, Soyuz TMA-3, Soyuz TMA-01M Janet L. Kavandi — STS-91, STS-99, STS-104 James M. Kelly — STS-102, STS-114 Mark Kelly — STS-108, STS-121, STS-124, STS-134 Scott Kelly — STS-103, STS-118, Soyuz TMA-01M, Soyuz TMA-16M/18M Joseph Kerwin, M.D. — Skylab 2 Yevgeny Khrunov (1933–2000) — Soyuz 5/4 Anna Kikina — SpaceX Crew-5 Jonny Kim — No flights Robert S. Kimbrough — STS-126, Soyuz MS-02, SpaceX Crew-2. Leonid Kizim (1941–2010) — Soyuz T-3, Soyuz T-10/11, Soyuz T-15 Petr Klimuk — Soyuz 13, Soyuz 18, Soyuz 30 Pete Knight (1929–2004) — X-15 flight 190 Pyotr Kolodin — No flights, backup for several missions. Vladimir Komarov (1927–1967) † — Voskhod 1. Died during Soyuz 1 reentry crash. Yelena Kondakova — Soyuz TM-20/STS-84 Dmitri Kondratyev — Soyuz TMA-20 Oleg Kononenko — Soyuz TMA-12, Soyuz TMA-03M, Soyuz MS-11, Soyuz MS-24/MS-25 Timothy L. Kopra — STS-127/128 Mikhail Korniyenko — Soyuz TMA-18, Soyuz TMA-16M/18M Sergey Korsakov — Soyuz MS-21 Valery Korzun — Soyuz TM-24, STS-111/113 Oleg Kotov — Soyuz TMA-10, Soyuz TMA-17, Soyuz TMA-10M Vladimir Kovalyonok — Soyuz 25, Soyuz 29/31, Soyuz T-4 Konstantin Kozeyev — Soyuz TM-33/32 Kevin Kregel — STS-70, STS-78, STS-87, STS-99 Sergei Krikalev — Soyuz TM-7, Soyuz TM-12/Soyuz TM-13, STS-60, STS-88, Soyuz TM-31/STS-102, Soyuz TMA-6 Valeri Kubasov (1935–2019) — Soyuz 6, Soyuz 19, Soyuz 36/35 Sergey Kud-Sverchkov — Soyuz MS-17
André Kuipers — Soyuz TMA-4/3, Soyuz TMA-03M Robb Kulin — No flights. Resigned as an astronaut candidate in 2018. Kelly Latimer — Galactic 02, Galactic 04, Galactic 05 Aleksandr Laveykin — Soyuz TM-2 Robert Lawrence (1935–1967) — No flights. Trained for MOL program. Wendy Lawrence — STS-67, STS-86, STS-91, STS-114 Vasili Lazarev (1928–1990) — Soyuz 12, Soyuz 18a Aleksandr Lazutkin — Soyuz TM-25 Valentin Lebedev — Soyuz 13, Soyuz T-5/7 Mark C. Lee — STS-30, STS-47, STS-64, STS-82 David Leestma — STS-41-G, STS-28, STS-45 William B. Lenoir (1939–2010) — STS-5 Alexei Leonov (1934–2019) — Voskhod 2, Soyuz 19. First space walk. Frederick W. Leslie — STS-73 Anatoli Levchenko (1941–1988) — Soyuz TM-4/3 Byron Lichtenberg — STS-9, STS-45 Don Lind — STS-51-B Kjell N. Lindgren — Soyuz TMA-17M, SpaceX Crew-4 (2022) Steven Lindsey — STS-87, STS-95, STS-104, STS-121, STS-133 Jerry Linenger — STS-64, STS-81/84 Richard Linnehan — STS-78, STS-90, STS-109, STS-123 Gregory Linteris — STS-83, STS-94 Li Cong — Shenzhou 18 Li Guangsu — Shenzhou 18 Liu Boming — Shenzhou 7, Shenzhou 12 Liu Wang — Shenzhou 9 Liu Yang — Shenzhou 9, Shenzhou 14
Anthony Llewellyn — No flights Paul Lockhart — STS-111, STS-113 Yuri Lonchakov — STS-100, Soyuz TMA-1/TM-34, Soyuz TMA-13 Michael Lopez-Alegria — STS-73, STS-92, STS-113, Soyuz TMA-9, Axiom Mission 1, Axiom Mission 3 (2024) Christopher Loria — No flights John Lounge — STS-51-I, STS-26, STS-35 Jack Lousma — Skylab 3, STS-3 Stanley G. Love — STS-122 Jim Lovell △ — Gemini 7, Gemini 12, Apollo 8, Apollo 13 G. David Low (1956–2008) — STS-32, STS-43, STS-57 Edward Lu — STS-84, STS-106, Soyuz TMA-2 Shannon Lucid — STS-51-G, STS-34, STS-43, STS-58, STS-76/79. Vladimir Lyakhov — Soyuz 32/34, Soyuz T-9, Soyuz TM-6/5 David Mackay — VSS Unity VF-01 Steven MacLean — STS-52, STS-115 Sandra Magnus — STS-112, STS-126/119, STS-135 Oleg Makarov (1933–2003) — Soyuz 12, Soyuz 18a, Soyuz 27/26, Soyuz T-3 Yuri Malenchenko — Soyuz TM-19, STS-106, Soyuz TMA-2, Soyuz TMA-11, Soyuz TMA-05M, Soyuz TMA-19M Franco Malerba — STS-46 Ravish Malhotra — No flights. India's backup cosmonaut for the Intercosmos program. Yuri Malyshev (1941–1999) — Soyuz T-2, Soyuz T-11/10 Gennadi Manakov — Soyuz TM-10, Soyuz TM-16 Musa Manarov — Soyuz TM-4/6, Soyuz TM-11 Nicole Aunapu Mann — SpaceX Crew-5 Thomas Marshburn, M.D. — STS-127, Soyuz TMA-07M, SpaceX Crew-3 Michael Massimino — STS-109, STS-125 Richard Mastracchio — STS-106, STS-118, STS-131, Soyuz TMA-11M Denis Matveev — Soyuz MS-21 Matthias Maurer — SpaceX Crew-3 Michael Masucci — VSS Unity VF-01, Virgin Galactic Unity 22, Virgin Galactic Unity 25, Galactic 01, Galactic 03, Galactic 05 Thomas Kenneth "Ken" Mattingly II (1936–2023) △ — Apollo 16, STS-4, STS-51-C. K. Megan McArthur — STS-125, SpaceX Crew-2 William S. McArthur — STS-58, STS-74, STS-92, Soyuz TMA-7 Christa McAuliffe (1948–1986)† — Died in the Challenger liftoff disintegration Jon McBride — STS-41-G Bruce McCandless II (1937–2017) — STS-41-B, STS-31 Anne McClain — Soyuz MS-11. William C. McCool (1961–2003) † — Died in the Columbia reentry disintegration (STS-107) Michael J. McCulley — STS-34 John B. McKay (1922–1975) — X-15 Flight 150 (awarded posthumously). Died from long-term complications of the Flight 74 accident in 1962. James McDivitt (1929–2022) — Gemini 4, Apollo 9 Donald McMonagle — STS-39, STS-54, STS-66 Ronald McNair (1950–1986) † — STS-41-B. Died in the Challenger liftoff disintegration (STS-51L). Carl Meade — STS-38, STS-50, STS-64 Jessica Meir — Soyuz MS-15 (Expedition 61/62). A member of the first all-female EVA team. Bruce Melnick — STS-41, STS-49 Pamela Melroy — STS-92, STS-112, STS-120 Mike Melvill — SpaceShipOne flight 15P and 16P Leland D. Melvin — STS-122, STS-129 Ulf Merbold — STS-9, STS-42, Soyuz TM-20/19 Ernst Messerschmid — STS-61-A Dorothy M. Metcalf-Lindenburger — STS-131 Curt Michel (1934–2015) — No flights Aleksandr Misurkin — Soyuz TMA-08M, Soyuz MS-06, Soyuz MS-20 Edgar Mitchell (1930–2016) △▲ — Apollo 14
Andreas Mogensen — Soyuz TMA-18M, SpaceX Crew-7 Jasmin Moghbeli — SpaceX Crew-7
Abdul Ahad Mohmand — Soyuz TM-6/5 Mamoru Mohri — STS-47, STS-99 Andrew R. Morgan — Soyuz MS-13 Barbara Morgan — STS-118 Lee Morin — STS-110 Boris Morukov (1950–2015) — STS-106 Beth Moses — VSS Unity VF-01 Chiaki Mukai, M.D. — STS-65, STS-95 Richard Mullane — STS-41-D, STS-27, STS-36 Talgat Musabayev — Soyuz TM-19, Soyuz TM-27, Soyuz TM-32/31 Story Musgrave, M.D. — STS-6, STS-51-F, STS-33, STS-44, STS-61, STS-80 Steven R. Nagel (1946–2014) — STS-51-G, STS-61-A, STS-37, STS-55 George Nelson — STS-41-C, STS-61-C, STS-26 Grigori Nelyubov (1934–1966) — No flights. Vostok backup.
Rodolfo Neri Vela — STS-61-B Paolo A. Nespoli — STS-120, Soyuz TMA-20 James H. Newman — STS-51, STS-69, STS-88, STS-109
Sultan Al Neyadi — SpaceX Crew-6
Claude Nicollier — STS-46, STS-61, STS-75, STS-103 Nie Haisheng — Shenzhou 6, Shenzhou 10, Shenzhou 12 Andriyan Nikolayev (1929–2004) — Vostok 3, Soyuz 9 Soichi Noguchi — STS-114, Soyuz TMA-17, SpaceX Crew-1
Carlos I. Noriega — STS-84, STS-97 Oleg Novitskiy — Soyuz TMA-06M, Soyuz MS-18, Soyuz MS-25/MS-24 Lisa Nowak — STS-121 Karen Nyberg — STS-124, Soyuz TMA-09M Bryan O'Connor — STS-61-B, STS-40 Ellen Ochoa — STS-56, STS-66, STS-96, STS-110 Wubbo Ockels (1946–2014) — STS-61-A William Oefelein — STS-116 Loral O'Hara — Soyuz MS-24 Brian O'Leary (1940–2011) — No flights John D. Olivas — STS-117, STS-128 Takuya Onishi — Soyuz MS-01, Expedition 48/49. Ellison Onizuka (1946–1986) † — STS-51-C. Died in the Challenger liftoff disintegration (STS-51L). Yuri Onufrienko — Soyuz TM-23, STS-108/111 Stephen Oswald — STS-42, STS-56, STS-67 Aleksey Ovchinin — Soyuz TMA-20M Robert Overmyer (1936–1996) — STS-5, STS-51-B Gennady Padalka — Soyuz TM-28, Soyuz TMA-4, Soyuz TMA-14, Soyuz TMA-04M, Soyuz TMA-16M William Pailes — STS-51-J Scott Parazynski, M.D. — STS-66, STS-86, STS-95, STS-100, STS-120 Ronald A. Parise (1951–2008) — STS-35, STS-67 Robert Parker — STS-9, STS-35 Luca Parmitano — Soyuz TMA-09M Nicholas Patrick — STS-116, STS-130 Viktor Patsayev (1933–1971) † — Died in the Soyuz 11 reentry depressurisation. James Pawelczyk — STS-90 Julie Payette — STS-96, STS-127 Gary Payton — STS-51-C Timothy Peake — Soyuz TMA-19M Nicola Pecile -- Galactic 01, Galactic 03, Galactic 06, Galactic 07 Philippe Perrin, EAC — STS-111 Thomas Pesquet — Soyuz MS-03, SpaceX Crew-2 Donald Peterson — STS-6 Dmitry Petelin — Soyuz MS-22 Donald Pettit — STS-113/Soyuz TMA-1, STS-126, Soyuz TMA-03M John Phillips — STS-100, Soyuz TMA-6, STS-119 William Pogue (1930–2014) — Skylab 4 Alan G. Poindexter (1961–2012) — STS-122, STS-131 Mark Polansky — STS-98, STS-116, STS-127 Alexander Poleshchuk — Soyuz TM-16 Valeri Polyakov, M.D. (1942–2022) — Soyuz TM-6/7, Soyuz TM-18/20
Marcos Pontes — Soyuz TMA-8 Leonid Popov — Soyuz 35/37, Soyuz 40, Soyuz T-7/5 Pavel Popovich (1930–2009) — Vostok 4, Soyuz 14 Charles Precourt — STS-55, STS-71, STS-84, STS-91 Sian Proctor — Inspiration4 Sergey Prokopyev — Soyuz MS-09, Soyuz MS-22
Dumitru Prunariu — Soyuz 40
Ilan Ramon (1954–2003)† — Died in the Columbia reentry disintegration (STS-107) William Readdy — STS-42, STS-51, STS-79 Kenneth Reightler — STS-48, STS-60 James F. Reilly — STS-89, STS-104, STS-117 Garrett Reisman — STS-123/124, STS-132 Thomas Reiter — Soyuz TM-22, STS-121/116 Expedition 13
Vladimír Remek — Soyuz 28 Judith Resnik (1949–1986)† — STS-41D. Died in the Challenger liftoff disintegration (STS-51L) Sergei Revin — Soyuz TMA-04M Paul W. Richards — STS-102 Richard N. Richards — STS-28, STS-41, STS-50, STS-64 Sally Ride (1951–2012) — STS-7, STS-41-G. First American woman in space. Patricia Robertson, M.D. (1963–2001) — No flights Stephen Robinson — STS-85, STS-95, STS-114, STS-130 Russell L. Rogers (1928–1967) — No flights. Assigned to the Dyna Soar project. Roman Romanenko — Soyuz TMA-15 Soyuz TMA-07M Yuri Romanenko — Soyuz 26/27, Soyuz 38, Soyuz TM-2/3 Kent Rominger — STS-73, STS-80, STS-85, STS-96, STS-100 Stuart Roosa (1933–1994) △ — Apollo 14 Jerry L. Ross — STS-61-B, STS-27, STS-37, STS-55, STS-74, STS-88, STS-110 Valery Rozhdestvensky — Soyuz 23 Kathleen Rubins — Soyuz MS-01, ISS Expedition 48, Expedition 49, Soyuz MS-17 Francisco Rubio — Soyuz MS-22 Nikolay Rukavishnikov (1932–2002) — Soyuz 10, Soyuz 16, Soyuz 33 Mario Runco Jr. — STS-44, STS-54, STS-77 Sergei Ryazanski — Soyuz TMA-10M Valery Ryumin (1939–2022) — Soyuz 25, Soyuz 32/34, Soyuz 35/37, STS-91 Sergey Ryzhikov — Soyuz MS-02, Soyuz MS-17 Albert Sacco — STS-73 David Saint-Jacques — Soyuz MS-11. Aleksandr Samokutyayev — Soyuz TMA-21, Soyuz TMA-14M Gennadi Sarafanov (1942–2005) — Soyuz 15 Robert Satcher, M.D. — STS-129 Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud — STS-51-G Viktor Savinykh — Soyuz T-4, Soyuz T-13/14 Svetlana Savitskaya — Soyuz T-7/5, Soyuz T-12 Wally Schirra (1923–2007) — Mercury 8, Gemini 6A, Apollo 7 Hans Schlegel — STS-55, STS-122 Harrison Schmitt △▲ — Apollo 17 Rusty Schweickart — Apollo 9 Dick Scobee (1939–1986) † — STS-41-C. Died in the Challenger liftoff disintegration (STS-51L). David Scott △▲ — Gemini 8, Apollo 9, Apollo 15 Winston Scott — STS-72, STS-87 Paul Scully-Power — STS-41-G Richard Searfoss (1956–2018) — STS-58, STS-76, STS-90 Rhea Seddon, M.D. — STS-51-D, STS-40, STS-58 Elliot See (1927–1966) — No flights Ronald Sega — STS-60, STS-76 Piers Sellers (1955–2016) — STS-112, STS-121, STS-132 Aleksandr Serebrov (1944–2013) — Soyuz T-7/5, Soyuz T-8, Soyuz TM-8, Soyuz TM-17 Yelena Serova — Soyuz TMA-14M Vitali Sevastyanov (1935–2010) — Soyuz 9, Soyuz 18 Doug Shane — Commercial astronaut, SpaceShipOne 2003 Yuri Shargin — Soyuz TMA-5/4 Salizhan Sharipov — STS-89, Soyuz TMA-5 Rakesh Sharma — Soyuz T-11/10 Helen Sharman — Soyuz TM-12, Soyuz TM-11 Vladimir Shatalov (1927–2021) — Soyuz 4, Soyuz 8, Soyuz 10 Brewster Shaw — STS-9, STS-61-B, STS-28 Alan Shepard △▲ (1923–1998) — Mercury-Redstone 3, Apollo 14. First American in space. William Shepherd — STS-27, STS-41, STS-52, Soyuz TM-31/STS-102
Anton Shkaplerov — Soyuz TMA-22, Soyuz TMA-15M, Soyuz MS-19 Georgi Shonin (1935–1997) — Soyuz 6 Loren Shriver — STS-51-C, STS-31, STS-46
Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor, M.D. — Soyuz TMA-11/10 Peter Siebold — Commercial astronaut, SpaceShipOne 2003 Oleg Skripochka — Soyuz TMA-01M Aleksandr Skvortsov — Soyuz TMA-18, Soyuz TMA-12M Donald "Deke" Slayton (1924–1993) — Apollo-Soyuz Test Project Michael J. Smith (1945–1986) † — Died in the Challenger liftoff disintegration (STS-51L) Steven Smith — STS-68, STS-82, STS-103, STS-110 Anatoly Solovyev — Soyuz TM-5/4, Soyuz TM-9, Soyuz TM-15, STS-71/Soyuz TM-21, Soyuz TM-26 Vladimir Solovyov — Soyuz T-10/11, Soyuz T-15 Sherwood Spring — STS-61-B Robert Springer — STS-29, STS-38 Thomas Patten Stafford △ — Gemini 6A, Gemini 9A, Apollo 10, Apollo-Soyuz Test Project Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper — STS-115, STS-126 Robert Stewart — STS-41-B, STS-51-J Eytan Stibbe — STS-107, Axiom Mission 1 Susan Still Kilrain — STS-83, STS-94 Nicole Marie Passonno Stott — STS-128, STS-133 Krasimir Stoyanov-Soyuz TM-5 — No flights. Gennady Strekalov (1940–2004) — Soyuz T-3, Soyuz T-8, Soyuz T-11/10, Soyuz TM-10, Soyuz TM-21/STS-71 Mark Stucky — VSS Unity VP-03 Frederick Sturckow — STS-88, STS-105, STS-117, STS-128, VSSUnity VP-03, Unity21, Unity25, Galactic 02, Galactic 04, Galactic 06 Kathryn Sullivan, — STS-41-G, STS-31, STS-45 Maksim Surayev — Soyuz TMA-16, Soyuz TMA-13M Steven Swanson — STS-117, STS-119 John "Jack" Swigert (1931–1982) △ — Apollo 13
Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez — Soyuz 38 Daniel Tani — STS-108, STS-120/122 Joseph Tanner — STS-66, STS-82, STS-97, STS-115 Evgeny Tarelkin — Soyuz TMA-06M James M. Taylor (1930–1970) — No flights. Assigned to MOL project. Valentina Tereshkova — Vostok 6. First woman in space. Norman Thagard, M.D. — STS-7, STS-51-B, STS-30, STS-42, Soyuz TM-21/STS-71 Gerhard Thiele — STS-99 Robert Thirsk, M.D. — STS-78, Soyuz TMA-15 Andrew Thomas — STS-77, STS-89/91, STS-102, STS-114 Donald Thomas — STS-65, STS-70, STS-83, STS-94 Stephen Thorne (1953–1986) — No flights. Died in a stunt plane accident before completing training. Kathryn Thornton — STS-33, STS-49, STS-61, STS-73 William E. Thornton, M.D. (1929–2021) — STS-8, STS-51-B Pierre Thuot — STS-36, STS-49, STS-62 Gherman Titov (1935–2000) — Vostok 2 Vladimir Titov — Soyuz T-8, Soyuz TM-4/6, STS-63, STS-86 Tang Hongbo — Shenzhou 12, Shenzhou 17 Tang Shengjie — Shenzhou 17 Michel Tognini, EAC — Soyuz TM-15/14, STS-93 Valery Tokarev — STS-96, Soyuz TMA-7 Sergei Treshchov — STS-111/113 Eugene Trinh — STS-50 Richard Truly (1937–2024) — STS-2, STS-8
Bjarni Tryggvason (1945–2022) — STS-85 Vasili Tsibliyev — Soyuz TM-17, Soyuz TM-25
Phạm Tuân — Soyuz 37/36 Mikhail Tyurin — STS-105/108, Soyuz TMA-9, Soyuz TMA-11M Lodewijk van den Berg (1932–2022) — STS-51-B James "Ox" van Hoften — STS-41-C, STS-51-I Mark Vande Hei — Soyuz MS-06, Soyuz MS-18, Soyuz MS-19 Ivan Vagner — Soyuz MS-16 Vladimir Vasyutin (1952–2002) — Soyuz T-14 Charles Veach (1944–1995) — STS-39, STS-52
Franz Viehböck — Soyuz TM-13/12 Alexander Viktorenko — Soyuz TM-3/2, Soyuz TM-8, Soyuz TM-14, Soyuz TM-20 Pavel Vinogradov — Soyuz TM-26, Soyuz TMA-8 Terry Virts — STS-130, Soyuz TMA-15M Roberto Vittori — Soyuz 34/33, Soyuz TMA-6/5, STS-134 Igor Volk — Soyuz T-12 Alexander Volkov — Soyuz T-14, Soyuz TM-7, Soyuz TM-13 Sergey Volkov — Soyuz TMA-12, Soyuz TMA-02M, Soyuz TMA-18M Vladislav Volkov (1935–1971) † — Soyuz 7. Died in the Soyuz 11 reentry depressurisation. Boris Volynov — Soyuz 5, Soyuz 21 James Voss — STS-44, STS-53, STS-69, STS-101, STS-102/105 Janice Voss (1956–2012) — STS-57, STS-63, STS-83, STS-94, STS-99 Koichi Wakata — STS-72, STS-92, STS-119/127, Soyuz TMA-11M, SpaceX Crew-5 Rex Walheim — STS-110, STS-122, STS-135 Charles D. Walker — STS-41-D, STS-51-D, STS-61-B David M. Walker (1944–2001) — STS-51-A, STS-30, STS-53, STS-69 Joseph A. Walker (1921–1966) — X-15 flights 77, 90, 91 Shannon Walker — Soyuz TMA-19, SpaceX Crew-1 Ulrich Walter — STS-55 Walter Villadei — Axiom Mission 3 (2024) Carl Walz — STS-51, STS-65, STS-79, STS-108/111/
Marcus Wandt — Axiom Mission 3 (2024); fastest-trained astronaut in history after selection to fly into orbit Taylor Wang — STS-51-B Wang Yaping — Shenzhou 10, Shenzhou 13 Jessica Watkins — SpaceX Crew-4 (2022) Mary Weber — STS-70, STS-101 Paul Weitz (1932–2017) — Skylab 2, STS-6 James Wetherbee — STS-32, STS-52, STS-63, STS-86, STS-102, STS-113 Douglas Wheelock — STS-120, Soyuz TMA-19 Ed White (1930–1967) † — Gemini 4. Died in the Apollo 1 fire accident. Robert Michael White (1924–2010) — X-15 flight 62 Peggy Whitson — STS-111/113, Soyuz TMA-11, Soyuz MS-03/MS-04, Axiom Mission 2 Terrence Wilcutt — STS-68, STS-79, STS-89, STS-106 Clifton "C.C." Williams (1932–1967) † — No flights. Died in a plane crash during training. Dafydd Williams, M.D. — STS-90, STS-118 Donald Williams (1942–2016) — STS-51-D, STS-34 Jeffrey Williams — STS-101, Soyuz TMA-8, Soyuz TMA-16 Sunita "Suni" Williams — STS-116/117, Soyuz TMA-05M, Boeing CFT Barry Wilmore — STS-129, Soyuz TMA-14M, Boeing CFT Stephanie Wilson — STS-121, STS-120, STS-131 Gregory R. Wiseman — Soyuz TMA-13M Peter Wisoff — STS-57, STS-68, STS-81, STS-92 David Wolf, M.D. — STS-58, STS-86/89, STS-112, STS-127 Neil Woodward — No flights Alfred Worden (1932–2020) △ — Apollo 15 Naoko Yamazaki — STS-131 Yang Liwei — Shenzhou 5 Ye Guangfu — Shenzhou 13, Shenzhou 18 Boris Yegorov, M.D. (1937–1994) — Voskhod 1 Aleksei Yeliseyev — Soyuz 5/4, Soyuz 8, Soyuz 10
Yi So-yeon — Soyuz TMA-12/11 John Young (1930–2018) △▲ — Gemini 3, Gemini 10, Apollo 10, Apollo 16, STS-1, STS-9 Kimiya Yui — Soyuz TMA-17M Fyodor Yurchikhin — STS-112, Soyuz TMA-10, Soyuz TMA-19, Soyuz TMA-09M Sergei Zalyotin — Soyuz TM-30, Soyuz TMA-1/TM-34 George D. Zamka — STS-120, STS-130 Zhai Zhigang — Shenzhou 7, Shenzhou 13 Zhang Lu — Shenzhou 15 Zhang Xiaoguang — Shenzhou 10 Vitaliy Zholobov — Soyuz 21 Zhu Yangzhu — Shenzhou 16 Vyacheslav Zudov — Soyuz 23|
Spaceflight lists and timelines
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