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11th Infantry Division (United States)

11th Division
Official Seal of the Eleventh Division, formed by 15000 men of the 11th division at Camp Meade, Maryland, 1918
Active	World War I, World War II (deception)
Country	United States
Branch	United States Army
Type	Infantry
Nickname(s)	Lafayette Division

The 11th Division, an infantry division of the United States Army, was activated twice during the First World War. During the Second World War the division was notionally reactivated as part of Fortitude South II.

The 11th Division was first formed as a National Guard division in early 1917 consisting of units of the Michigan and Wisconsin National Guards. By the end of that same year, the 11th Division became the 32nd Division (later 32nd Infantry Division).^{[citation needed]}

The 11th Division was reformed as a National Army division in August 1918, and was commanded briefly by Joseph Alfred Gaston before Jesse McI. Carter took over. The division was nicknamed the Lafayette Division,^[1] and its shoulder sleeve insignia included a silhouette of Lafayette.^[2] The 17th Infantry Regiment, and the 63rd Infantry Regiment were the two units chosen as the cadre around which the division would be formed. The 71st and 72nd Infantry Regiments were formed from cadres from the 17th and 63rd Regiments. The division's field artillery brigade was trained at West Point, Kentucky, and never actually joined the division at Camp Meade. The division's advanced schools detachment started for England on 25 October 1918, arriving 8 November 1918.^[3] With the Armistice, further activities were halted and the division disbanded on 29 November 1918 at Camp Meade, Maryland.^[3]

The 11th Infantry Division was 'reformed' for a third time in 1944 as part of Operation Fortitude. A purely notional unit, in the deception it was depicted as intended to replace the real 4th Armored Division when the 4th Armored moved to Normandy.^[4][5]

The division was presented to the Germans as a well trained unit based in the area around Northwich, Cheshire with its headquarters located at Delamere House. When the 4th Armored Division moved to Normandy, the 11th Infantry Division was depicted as moving into the vacated quarters around Bury St Edmunds.^[6] There, as part of the (notional) US XXXIII Corps of the (notional) US 14th Army it was depicted as assigned the role of following up the Pas de Calais landings.^[7] In the aftermath of Fortitude South II the 11th Division was depicted as moving to WinchesterinHampshire during August, 1944. The deception then had the 11th Division moving to AbergavennyinSouth Wales during October, 1944 when the deception was terminated by announcing that the 11th Division had been disbanded to provide replacements for other units.^[5] In the deception the 11th Infantry Division was composed of the notional 178th, 352nd, and 392d Infantry Regiments, in addition to notional artillery and support units.^[5]

• Beamish, Richard J. (2005). America's Part in the World War: A History of the Greatness of Our Country's Achievements. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4179-5718-7.
• Holt, Thaddeus (2005). The Deceivers: Allied Military Deception in the Second World War. Phoenix. ISBN 0-7538-1917-1.
• Hesketh, Roger (1999). Fortitude: The D-Day Deception Campaign. St Ermin's Press. ISBN 0-316-85172-8.

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