Contents

ACP1

Protein-coding gene in humans

ACP1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1XWW, 3N8I, 4Z99, 4Z9A, 4Z9B, 5PNT
Identifiers
Aliases	ACP1, HAAP, LMW-PTP, acid phosphatase 1, soluble, LMWPTP, acid phosphatase 1
External IDs	OMIM: 171500; MGI: 87881; HomoloGene: 38274; GeneCards: ACP1; OMA:ACP1 - orthologs
EC number	3.1.3.2
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 2 (human)[1] Band 2p25.3 Start 264,140 bp[1] End 278,283 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 12 (mouse)[2] Band 12|12 A2 Start 30,943,325 bp[2] End 30,961,588 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in sperm Achilles tendon left adrenal gland right adrenal cortex left adrenal cortex ventricular zone islet of Langerhans body of pancreas right testis embryo Top expressed in embryo embryo genital tubercle right kidney tail of embryo blastocyst ventricular zone yolk sac spermatid muscle of thigh More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function protein tyrosine phosphatase activity phosphatase activity phosphoprotein phosphatase activity hydrolase activity protein binding non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine phosphatase activity acid phosphatase activity Cellular component cytoplasm cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane extracellular exosome cytosol sarcolemma Biological process protein dephosphorylation peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 52 11431 Ensembl ENSG00000143727 ENSMUSG00000044573 UniProt P24666 Q9D358 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001040649 NM_004300 NM_007099 NM_177554 NM_001110239 NM_021330 RefSeq (protein) NP_001035739 NP_004291 NP_009030 NP_001103709 NP_067305 Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 0.26 – 0.28 Mb Chr 12: 30.94 – 30.96 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ACP1 gene.

The product of this gene belongs to the phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase family of proteins. It functions as an acid phosphatase and a protein tyrosine phosphatase by hydrolyzing protein tyrosine phosphate to protein tyrosine and orthophosphate. This enzyme also hydrolyzes orthophosphoric monoesters to alcohol and orthophosphate. This gene is genetically polymorphic, and three common alleles segregating at the corresponding locus give rise to six phenotypes. Each allele appears to encode at least two electrophoretically different isozymes, Bf and Bs, which are produced in allele-specific ratios. Three transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene.^[5]

Clinical significance[edit]

Clinically, increased expression of ACP1 is a biomarker for poor prognosis in prostate cancer has been linked to worse clinical behaviour of prostate cancer, possibly outperforming the widely used Gleason grading system with respect to this important parameter.^[6] Also in other cancers, e.g. colon cancer, high ACP1 protein levels are linked to aggressive disease.^[7] It has been suggested that ACP1 acts as a bona fide oncogene, but for now this notion remains unproven even if ACP1 overexpression drives cells towards a Warburg effect-like glycolytic phenotype.^[8] Apart from cancer, ACP1 has also been linked to osteoporosis as the enzyme plays an important role in the interaction of the osteocyte with the bone environment,^[9] while its inhibition appears useful for counteracting experimental [venous thromboembolism].^[10] Currently, there are no clinically approved inhibitors that allow targeting ACP1 in patients.

Interactions[edit]

ACP1 has been shown to interact with EPH receptor A2^[11] and EPH receptor B1.^[12] The proto-oncogene Src has been suggested to be a direct target for ACP1 tyrosine phosphatase activity, but this has not been formally proven.^[13]

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Human ACP1 genome location and ACP1 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
• Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P24666 (Human Low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase) at the PDBe-KB.
• Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: Q9D358 (Mouse Low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase) at the PDBe-KB.

Further reading[edit]

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