Ammonium iron(II) sulfate, or Mohr's salt, is the inorganic compound with the formula (NH4)2SO4.Fe(SO4).6H2O. Containing two different cations, Fe2+ and NH+4, it is classified as a double saltofferrous sulfate and ammonium sulfate. It is a common laboratory reagent because it is readily crystallized, and crystals resist oxidation by air. Like the other ferrous sulfate salts, ferrous ammonium sulfate dissolves in water to give the aquo complex [Fe(H2O)6]2+, which has octahedral molecular geometry.[1] Its mineral form is mohrite.
This compound is a member of a group of double sulfates called Schönites or Tutton's salts. Tutton's salts form monoclinic crystals and have formula M2N(SO4)2·6H2O (M = various monocations). With regards to the bonding, crystals consist of octahedra [Fe(H2O)6]2+ centers, which are hydrogen bonded to sulfate and ammonium.[2]
Structure of ferrous ammonium sulfate with hydrogen bonding network highlighted (N is violet, O is red; S is orange, Fe is light red).
Mohr's salt is named after the German chemist Karl Friedrich Mohr, who made many important advances in the methodology of titration in the 19th century.
Inanalytical chemistry, this salt is the preferred source of ferrous ions as the solid has a long shelf life, being resistant to oxidation. This stability extends somewhat to solutions reflecting the effect of pH on the ferrous–ferric redox couple. This oxidation occurs more readily at high pH. The ammonium ions make solutions of Mohr's salt slightly acidic, which slows this oxidation process.[1][3] Sulfuric acid is commonly added to solutions to reduce oxidation to ferric iron.
^Hickman, C.; Lorrain, S.; Barthe, J.R.; Portal, G. (1986). "Use of Mohr's Salt for High Level Gamma Dosimetry (Up to 108Gy)". Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 17 (1–4). Oxford Journals: 255–257. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a079818.
^Wildermuth, Egon; Stark, Hans; Friedrich, Gabriele; Ebenhöch, Franz Ludwig; Kühborth, Brigitte; Silver, Jack; Rituper, Rafael (2000). "Iron Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a14_591. ISBN978-3-527-30385-4.
^Vogel, Arthur I. (1961). A Text-book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis Including Elementary Instrumental Analysis (3 ed.). Longmans. pp. 281–282.
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