| Aztec–Tanoan | |
|---|---|
| (hypothetical) | |
| Geographic distribution | central North America |
| Linguistic classification | proposed language family |
| Subdivisions | |
| Glottolog | None |
Pre-contact distribution of hypothetical Aztec-Tanoan family (map does not show the total distribution in Mexico)
| |
 Uto-Aztecan languages in Mesoamerica | |
Aztec–Tanoan is a hypothetical and undemonstrated language family that proposes a genealogical relation between the Tanoan and the Uto-Aztecan families. This proposed classification has not been definitively demonstrated, largely because of slow progress in the reconstruction of the intermediate stages of the two language families involved,[1] but is still considered promising by many linguists.[2][3] The grouping was originally proposed by Edward Sapir in his 1921 classification, but it was not until 1937 that supporting evidence was published by Benjamin Lee Whorf and G. L. Trager. Their proposal included some 67 proposed cognates, but subsequent reviews have found most of them to be unconvincing (monosyllables, onomatopoeia). A small number of their proposed cognates do seem to have some merit and in his 1997 review of the hypothesis Lyle Campbell states that the proposal is not implausible but requires detailed study.[4] A recent article by Jane H. Hill argues that the evidence cited for the genetic relation by Whorf and Trager is better understood as a result of language contact between the Uto-Aztecan and Tanoan proto-languages.[5]
The following word pairs are the proposed cognates from Whorf & Trager (1937) and Davis (1979) considered promising by Campbell (1997:273).
Below is a comparison of selected basic vocabulary items in Proto-Uto-Aztecan and Proto-Kiowa-Tanoan.
| gloss | Proto-Kiowa-Tanoan[6] | Proto-Uto-Aztecan[7] |
|---|---|---|
| hair | *pʰV₂ | *kuppa |
| eye | *cV₄ | *pusi |
| tooth | *dwṼ₅a; *gʷṼ₅ | *tamaC, *tamaN, *taman |
| mouth | *sV₂ | *tï’na > *tï’ni; *tï’nV-pa > *tï’n-pa > *tïmpa |
| hand | *mṼ₁bd- | *man > *ma |
| foot | *ʔṼ₅bn | *kïsa, *kïsica, *kïhisa; *naNpa, *naCp, *nappa |
| breast | *gʷV₃ | *piCti(C); *ciʼi-wa |
| fish | *pV₃ | *paNkwi, *pakkwi, *paC-kuyu, *paC-kucu |
| water | *p’V₁ | *pa / *pa’wi |
| earth | *dṼ₄m 'ground' | *tı̈paC, *tı̈paL; *kwiya, *kwiLa |
| I (1.SG) | *nṼ₁b | *nï |
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