BithyniumorBithynion (Ancient Greek: Βιθύνιον) was an ancient city in Bithynia. Its site is occupied by the modern town of Bolu, Asiatic Turkey.[1][2]
Strabo describes Bithynium as lying above Tius[3] and it possessed the country around Salone or Salon, which was a good feeding country for cattle, and noted for its cheese.[4] It was the capital of Salone district. Bithynium was the birthplace of Antinous, the favourite of Hadrian, as Pausanius tells us,[5] who adds that Bithynium is beyond, by which he probably means east of, the river Sangarius; and he adds that the remotest ancestors of the Bithynians are Arcadians and Mantineans. In this case a Greek colony settled here. Bithynium was afterwards called Claudiopolis (Greek: Κλαυδιόπολις), a name which it is conjectured it first had in the time of Tiberius; but it is strange that Pausanias does not mention this name. Dio Cassius speaks of it under the name of Bithynium and Claudiopolis also.[6] It later bore the name Hadriana after the emperor.[1] The names of Claudiopolis and Hadriana appear on coins minted here.
The town was Christianised early and became an archbishopric. An archbishop suffered martyrdom under Diocletian. No longer a residential see, it remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church under the name Claudiopolis in Honoriade.[7] A former titular see under the name of Claudiopolis in Bithynia was suppressed.[8]
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Bithynium". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.
40°44′22″N 31°36′42″E / 40.739479°N 31.611561°E / 40.739479; 31.611561
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