Jump to content
 







Main menu
   


Navigation  



Main page
Contents
Current events
Random article
About Wikipedia
Contact us
Donate
 




Contribute  



Help
Learn to edit
Community portal
Recent changes
Upload file
 








Search  

































Create account

Log in
 









Create account
 Log in
 




Pages for logged out editors learn more  



Contributions
Talk
 



















Contents

   



(Top)
 


1 Design  





2 Advantages  





3 Disadvantages  





4 Common engine applications  



4.1  Motorcycle engines  







5 See also  





6 References  





7 External links  














Dry sump






Deutsch
Español
فارسی
Français

Nederlands

Norsk bokmål
Svenska
Українська
 

Edit links
 









Article
Talk
 

















Read
Edit
View history
 








Tools
   


Actions  



Read
Edit
View history
 




General  



What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Cite this page
Get shortened URL
Download QR code
Wikidata item
 




Print/export  



Download as PDF
Printable version
 




In other projects  



Wikimedia Commons
 
















Appearance
   

 






From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 


Schematic diagram of a basic dry-sump engine lubrication system. The oil collects in sump (1), is withdrawn continuously by scavenge pump (2) and travels to the oil tank (3), where gases entrained in the oil separate and the oil cools. Gases (6) are returned to the engine sump. Pressure pump (4) forces the de-gassed and cooled oil (5) back to the engine's lubrication points (7).

Adry-sump system is a method to manage the lubricating motor oilinfour-stroke and large two-stroke piston driven internal combustion engines. The dry-sump system uses two or more oil pumps and a separate oil reservoir, as opposed to a conventional wet-sump system, which uses only the main sump (U.S.: oil pan) below the engine and a single pump. A dry-sump engine requires a pressure relief valve to regulate negative pressure inside the engine, so internal seals are not inverted.

Dry-sumps are common on larger diesel engines such as those used in ships, as well as gasoline engines used in racing cars, aerobatic aircraft, high-performance personal watercraft and motorcycles. Dry sump lubrication may be chosen for these applications due to increased reliability, oil capacity, reduction of oil starvation under high g-loads and/or other technical or performance reasons. Dry sump systems may not be suitable for all applications due to increased cost, complexity, and/or bulk, among other factors.

Design[edit]

Engines are both lubricated and cooled by oil that circulates throughout the engine, feeding various bearings and other moving parts and then draining, via gravity, into the sump at the base of the engine. In the wet-sump system of nearly all production automobile engines, the oil that's not actively circulating is stored in the sump, which is large enough for this purpose. A pump collects oil from the sump and directly circulates it back through the engine. In a dry-sump system, the oil still falls to the base of the engine, but into a much shallower sump, where one or more scavenge pumps draw it away and transfer it to a (usually external) reservoir, where it is both cooled and de-aerated before being recirculated through the engine by a pressure pump. The sump in a dry-sump system is not actually dry; it is still wet from oil draining from the engine. The reservoir is usually tall and narrow and specially designed with internal baffles, and an oil outlet (supply) at the very bottom for uninhibited oil supply even during sloshing.

The dry pump operation consists of a pressure stage and a scavenging stage. Although the term "stages" is commonly used to describe the work of the multiple pumps, they typically run in parallel rather than in series as might be implied by the term. The pressure stage draws oil from the bottom of the reservoir and passes it through the filter and into the engine itself.[1] An adjustable pressure regulator ensures that the oil pressure is kept stable at different engine speeds. The dry-sump system requires at least two pumps - one pressure and one scavenge - and sometimes as many as four or five scavenge pumps are used to minimize the amount of oil in the engine. The pressure pump and scavenge pumps are frequently mounted on a common crankshaft, so that a single pulley at the front of the system can run as many pumps as the engine design requires. It is common practice to have one scavenge pump per crankcase section; however, in the case of inverted engines (typically aircraft engines) it is necessary to employ separate scavenge pumps for each cylinder bank. Therefore, an inverted V engine would have a minimum of two scavenge pumps and a pressure pump in the pump stack.

Dry sump systems may optionally be designed to keep the engine's crankcase at lower than atmospheric pressure (vacuum), by sealing the crankcase and allowing the scavenge pumps to draw out both oil and gases.[1][2] An equilibrium pressure will be reached when the rate of gases entering the crankcase (blow-by gases past the piston rings, but also air leaks and oil vapor) equals the rate of gas removal from the scavenge pump capacity beyond what's required to remove just the oil. Alternatively, the crankcase may be kept near atmospheric pressure by venting it to the oil reservoir, which in turn is vented into the engine's air intake, or to outside air.

Advantages[edit]

A dry-sump system offers many advantages over a wet-sump. The primary advantages include:[1][3][4]

Disadvantages[edit]

Dry-sump engines have several disadvantages compared to wet-sump engines, including;[1][8][9][10]

Common engine applications[edit]

Dry-sumps are common on larger diesel engines such as those used for ship propulsion, largely due to increased reliability and serviceability. They are also commonly used in racing cars and aerobatic aircraft, due to problems with g-forces, reliable oil supply, power output and vehicle handling. The Chevrolet Corvette Z06 has a dry sump engine which requires initial oil change after 500 miles.

Motorcycle engines[edit]

The dry-sump lubrication is particularly applicable to motorcycles, which tend to be operated more vigorously than other road vehicles. Although motorcycles such as the Honda CB750 (1969) feature a dry-sump engine, modern motorcycles tend to use a wet-sump design. This is understandable with across-the-frame inline four-cylinder engines, since these wide engines must be mounted fairly high in the frame (for ground clearance), so the space below may as well be used for a wet-sump. However, narrower engines can be mounted lower and ideally should use dry-sump lubrication.

Several motorcycle models that use dry-sumps include;

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d "Technical Description - The Dry Sump System". Armstrong Race Engineering, Gary Armstrong, DrySump.com, 08-03-2016.
  • ^ "Dry Sump". TorqueCars. 6 May 2015. Retrieved 2016-12-24.
  • ^ Van Valkenburgh, Paul (1976) Race Car Engineering and Mechanics Dodd, Mead & Company, p. 181
  • ^ "Dry Sump Oil System - Camaro Performers Magazine". Super Chevy. 2011-09-01. Retrieved 2016-12-24.
  • ^ a b Reher, David (2013-06-25). "Tech Talk #84 – Dry Sumps Save Lives". Reher Morrison Racing Engines. Retrieved 2016-12-24.
  • ^ "Wet sumps | High Power Media". www.highpowermedia.com. Archived from the original on 2016-12-25. Retrieved 2016-12-24.
  • ^ Engineering Explained (4 January 2017). "Wet Sump Vs Dry Sump - Engine Oil Systems". YouTube.com. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  • ^ "Why do some engines use a dry sump oil system?". HowStuffWorks. 2000-04-01. Retrieved 2016-12-24.
  • ^ "Dry sumps". TorqueCars. 6 May 2015. Retrieved 2016-12-24.
  • ^ a b c Carley, Larry (2012-11-14). "Dry Sump Oiling Systems". Engine Builder Mag. Babcox. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
  • ^ "XT660Z | Yamaha Motor Australia". www.yamaha-motor.com.au. Retrieved 2018-05-06.
  • ^ "The iconic SR400, 35 years heritage". Suzuki Press Release, MCNews.com, 04-11-2013. Archived from the original on 2016-06-01. Retrieved 2014-10-06.
  • External links[edit]


    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dry_sump&oldid=1214627464"

    Categories: 
    Engine lubrication systems
    Engine technology
    Hidden categories: 
    Articles with short description
    Short description is different from Wikidata
    Articles needing additional references from December 2010
    All articles needing additional references
    Commons category link is on Wikidata
     



    This page was last edited on 20 March 2024, at 03:33 (UTC).

    Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.



    Privacy policy

    About Wikipedia

    Disclaimers

    Contact Wikipedia

    Code of Conduct

    Developers

    Statistics

    Cookie statement

    Mobile view



    Wikimedia Foundation
    Powered by MediaWiki