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Contents

   



(Top)
  


1 Preparation  




2 Properties  




3 Derivatives  




4 References  













Gallium(III) sulfate






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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  
(Redirected from Gallium sulfate)
Gallium(III) sulfate
Names
Other names
  • Digallium trisulfate
Identifiers

CAS Number
  • (anhydrous): 13494-91-2 (sulfates are wrong in CAS) ☒N
  • (octadecahydrate): 13780-42-2

    • 3D model (JSmol)
  • (monohydrate): Interactive image
  • (octadecahydrate): Interactive image
    • ChemSpider
    EC Number
    • (anhydrous): 236-816-0

    PubChem CID
  • (monohydrate): 16213072
  • (hexahydrate): 129655091
  • (octadecahydrate): 91886266

    • CompTox Dashboard (EPA)

    • InChI=1S/2Ga.3H2O4S/c;;3*1-5(2,3)4/h;;3*(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2*+3;;;/p-6

      Key: UXLRWZBQRAWBQA-UHFFFAOYSA-H

    • (octadecahydrate): InChI=1S/2Ga.3H2O4S.18H2O/c;;3*1-5(2,3)4;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;/h;;3*(H2,1,2,3,4);18*1H2/q2*+3;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;/p-6

      Key: RBIKSELZKJNPFC-UHFFFAOYSA-H

    • (anhydrous): [O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Ga+3].[Ga+3]

    • (monohydrate): O.[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Ga+3].[Ga+3]

    • (octadecahydrate): O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Ga+3].[Ga+3]

    Properties

    Chemical formula

    		 Ga2(SO4)3
    Molar mass 445.7 g/mol
    Appearance White solid[1]
    Density 3.86 g/cm3[2]
    Melting point 680 °C (1,256 °F; 953 K)[1] (decomposes)

    Solubility in water

    		 Slightly soluble[2]
    Hazards
    GHS labelling:

    Pictograms

    		 GHS07: Exclamation mark

    Signal word

    		 Warning

    Hazard statements

    		 H315, H319, H335

    Precautionary statements

    		 P302+P352, P305+P351+P338
    NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
    NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 0: Exposure under fire conditions would offer no hazard beyond that of ordinary combustible material. E.g. sodium chlorideFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 1: Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. E.g. calciumSpecial hazards (white): no code
    0
    0
    1
    Related compounds

    Other cations

    		 Aluminium sulfate, Indium(III) sulfate,

    Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

    Infobox references

    Gallium(III) sulfate refers to the chemical compound, a salt, with the formula Ga2(SO4)3, or its hydratesGa2(SO4)3·xH2O. Gallium metal dissolves in sulfuric acid to form solutions containing [Ga(OH2)6]3+ and SO42− ions. The octadecahydrate Ga2(SO4)3·18H2O crystallises from these solutions at room temperature. This hydrate loses water in stages when heated, forming the anhydrateGa2(SO4)3 above 150 °C[3] and completely above 310 °C.[1] Anhydrous Ga2(SO4)3isisostructural with iron(III) sulfate, crystallizing in the rhombohedral space groupR3.[4]

    Preparation

    [edit]

    Gallium(III) sulfate is prepared from the reaction of hydroxygallium diacetate and sulfuric acid. The two reactants were mixed at 90 °C and left for 2 days which produced the octadecahydrate. Then, it was dried in a vacuum for 2 hours which created the extremely hygroscopic anhydrous form. The overall reaction is below:

    2 Ga(CH3COO)2OH + 3 H2SO4 → Ga2(SO4)3 + 4 CH3COOH + 2 H2O

    After the production, it was confirmed to be the simple salt, Ga2(SO4)3, by x-ray diffraction.[1]

    Properties

    [edit]

    When heated over 680 °C, gallium sulfate gives off sulfur trioxide, yielding gallium(III) oxide.[1] A gallium sulfate solution in water mixed with zinc sulfate can precipitate ZnGa2O4.[5]

    Derivatives

    [edit]

    Basic gallium sulfate is known with the formula (H3O)Ga3(SO4)2(OH)6.[6]

    Double gallium sulfates are known with composition NaGa3(SO4)2(OH)6, KGa3(SO4)2(OH)6, RbGa3(SO4)2(OH)6, NH4Ga3(SO4)2(OH)6. These compounds are isostructural with jarosite and alunite. Jarosite and alunite can contain a small amount of gallium substituted for iron or aluminium.[6] Organic base double gallium sulfates can contain different core structures, these can be chains of [Ga(SO4)3]3-, [Ga(OH)(SO4)2]2- or [Ga(H2O)2(SO4)2]− or sheets of [Ga(H2O)2(SO4)2]− units.[7]

    formula mw crystal
    system     		space
    group     		unit cell Å volume density properties reference
    (H3O)Ga3(SO4)2(OH)6 R3m a=7.18 c=17.17 z=1.5 766 [8]
    Ga4(OH)10SO4 [9]
    NH4Ga3(SO4)2(OH)6 [7]
    trisodium gallium sulfate Na3Ga(SO4)3 tetragonal a = 9.451 c = 7.097 [10]
    NaGa3(SO4)2(OH)6 [7]
    KGa3(SO4)2(OH)6 [7]
    RbGa3(SO4)2(OH)6 [7]
    Caesium gallium sulfate dodecahydrate CsGa(SO4)2•12H2O cubic Pa3 Z=4 2.127 refractive index=1.461 [11]
    dimethylammonium gallium sulfate hexahydrate (CH3)2NH2Ga(SO4)2·6H2O ferroeelastic [12][13]
    guanidinium gallium sulfate [C(NH2)3]Ga(SO4)2·6H2O hexagonal P31m a=11.82 c=9.13 ferroelectric [14]
    Ethylenediammonium acid gallium sulfate [C2H10N2][H3O][Ga(SO4)3] [7]
    Ethylenediammonium basic gallium sulfate [C2H10N2][Ga(OH)(SO4)2]·H2O [7]
    Tetramethylenediammonium gallium sulfate [C4H14N2][Ga(H2O)2(SO4)2]2 [7]
    Hexamethylenediammonium gallium sulfate [C6H18N2][Ga(H2O)2(SO4)2]2 [7]

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^ a b c d e V.Yu. Proydakova; S.V. Kuznetsov; V.V. Voronov; P.P. Fedorov (2017). "СИНТЕЗ СУЛЬФАТА ГАЛЛИЯ" [SYNTHESIS OF GALLIUM SULFATE]. Fine Chemical Technologies (in Russian). 12 (3): 52–57. doi:10.32362/2410-6593-2017-12-3-52-57.
  • ^ a b "Gallium(III) sulfate hydrate". Alfa Aesar. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
  • ^ A. J. Downs, ed. (2012). Chemistry of Aluminium, Gallium, Indium and Thallium. Springer. p. 153. ISBN 9789401049603.
  • ^ Krause, M.; Gruehn, R. (1995). "Contributions on the thermal behaviour of sulphates XVII.1 Single crystal structure refinements of In2(SO4)3 and Ga2(SO4)3". Z. Kristallogr. 210 (6): 427–431. Bibcode:1995ZK....210..427K. doi:10.1524/zkri.1995.210.6.427.
  • ^ Hirano, Masanori; Okumura, Shiro; Hasegawa, Yasunori; Inagaki, Michio (October 2002). "Direct Precipitation of Spinel-Type Zn(Fe, Ga)2O4 Solid Solutions from Aqueous Solutions at 90°C: Influence of Iron Valence of Starting Salt on Their Crystallite Growth". Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 168 (1): 5–10. Bibcode:2002JSSCh.168....5H. doi:10.1006/jssc.2002.9662.
  • ^ a b Rudolph, Wolfram W.; Schmidt, Peer (July 2011). "Studies on synthetic galloalunites AGa3(SO4)2(OH)6: Synthesis, thermal analysis, and X-ray characterization". Thermochimica Acta. 521 (1–2): 112–120. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.881.3389. doi:10.1016/j.tca.2011.04.013.
  • ^ a b c d e f g h i Kaufman, Elizabeth A.; Zeller, Matthias; Norquist, Alexander J. (2010-10-06). "A Slow Leak Synthetic Route to Organically Templated Gallium Sulfates". Crystal Growth & Design. 10 (10): 4656–4661. doi:10.1021/cg1009412. ISSN 1528-7483.
  • ^ Kydon, D. W.; Pintar, M.; Petch, H. E. (1968-06-15). "NMR Evidence of H 3 O + Ions in Gallium Sulfate". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 48 (12): 5348–5351. Bibcode:1968JChPh..48.5348K. doi:10.1063/1.1668226. ISSN 0021-9606.
  • ^ Kang, Bong Kyun; Lim, Hyeong Dae; Mang, Sung Ryul; Song, Keun Man; Jung, Mong Kwon; Kim, Sang-Woo; Yoon, Dae Ho (2015-01-20). "Synthesis and Characterization of Monodispersed β-Ga 2 O 3 Nanospheres via Morphology Controlled Ga 4 (OH) 10 SO 4 Precursors". Langmuir. 31 (2): 833–838. doi:10.1021/la504209f. ISSN 0743-7463. PMID 25539482.
  • ^ Fedorov, P. P.; Proidakova, V. Yu.; Kuznetsov, S. V.; Voronov, V. V. (November 2017). "Phase equilibria in systems of gallium sulfate with lithium or sodium sulfate". Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 62 (11): 1508–1513. doi:10.1134/S0036023617110067. ISSN 0036-0236. S2CID 103985885.
  • ^ Howard E. Swanson, Nancy T. Gilfrich, Marlene I. Cook, Roger Stinchfield, and Paul C. Parks (1 April 1959). "Standard X-ray Diffraction Powder Patterns" (PDF).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • ^ Yasuda, Naohiko; Kaneda, Akio; Czapla, Zbigniew (March 1999). "Pressure effects in dimethylammonium gallium sulfate (DMAGaS)". Ferroelectrics. 223 (1): 71–78. Bibcode:1999Fer...223...71Y. doi:10.1080/00150199908260555. ISSN 0015-0193.
  • ^ Völkel, G; Böttcher, R; Michel, D; Czapla, Z; Banys, J (2005-07-20). "Dimethylammonium gallium sulfate hexahydrate and dimethylammonium aluminium sulfate hexahydrate—members of a crystal family with exceptional commensurate/incommensurate phase sequences". Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. 17 (28): 4511–4529. Bibcode:2005JPCM...17.4511V. doi:10.1088/0953-8984/17/28/010. ISSN 0953-8984. S2CID 98806133.
  • ^ Geller, S.; Booth, D.P. (1959-01-01). "The crystal structure of guanidinium gallium sulfate hexahydrate, [C(NH2)3]Ga(SO4)2·6H2O". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials. 111 (1–6): 117–128. doi:10.1524/zkri.1959.111.16.117. ISSN 2196-7105. S2CID 201840778.

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