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Jarudiyya

This article is about the Islamic Zaydi sect. For the Saudi Arabian village, see Al-Jaroudiya.

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Jarudiyya (Arabic: الجارودية, Persian: جارودیه), also known as Jarudism,^[1] is among the first branches of Zaydi Islam, attributed to Abu'l-Jarud Ziyad ibn al-Mundhir. Among the theorists of the Jarudiyya are Fadl ibn Zubayr al-Rasani, Mansur ibn Abi al-Aswad, and Harun ibn Saad al-Ajli. Abu Khalid al-Wasiti is another prominent figure in this school. Jarudiyya beliefs include: Zayd ibn Ali as imam, Ali's preference over other Sahabah and the necessity of rising up against a Tyrant.^[2]

The Jarudiyya are counted as the first branch of Zaidiyyah. Jozef Van Ess called this sect Sorhoubiyyah.^{[citation needed]} Two people had important roles in theoretical basics of this sect. One of them is Abu Al Jaroud as the one who established this school and the other is Abu Khalid, the one who was heir of Jaroudiyyah's teaching.^{[citation needed]}

What we know about this sect is only restricted to religious teaching, particularly leadership or imamate. This sect in opposition to other sects of Zaydiyyah but in accordance with shia, affirms the right of succession after the prophet as the exclusive right of Ali. Therefore, they do not believe in the succession of Abu Bakr, Umar ibn al-Khattab and Uthman ibn Affan. They believe that there is a hidden text (nass khafi) approving of Ali as the right successor to the Prophet. According to Jarudiyah, some traditions evidently designate the succession of Ali. Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid believed that only the Imami Shi'a and Jarudiyya deserve to be called Shi'a. They have two beliefs on the determination of successor by the Prophet:

• One group said that the Prophet had determined Ali as successor by revealed text or nass. Ali, in turn, designated Hasan, and the latter his brother Husayn as successor.
• Another group said that the Prophet Muhammad treated a revealed text for Ali however the Prophet determined another revealed text for Hasan and Husayn. They believe that there is no other revealed text for other Imams who were not present during the Prophet's era.

As for the knowledge of Imams, Jarudiyya believes that the Imam has innate knowledge regardless of acquiring knowledge by education. In other words, Imams have inborn knowledge from the very beginning. These beliefs are found among Yemeni Zaydis today.^[3]

• Haider, Najam I. (2021a). "al-Jārūdiyya". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (3rd ed.). Brill Online. ISSN 1873-9830.
• Haider, Najam (2021b). "Zaydism" (PDF). Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements. Brill Publishing. pp. 204–234. doi:10.1163/9789004435544_013. ISBN 978-90-04-43554-4.
• Madelung, W. (2002). "Zaydiyya". In Bearman, P. J.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E. & Heinrichs, W. P. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume XI: W–Z. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 477–481. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1385. ISBN 978-90-04-12756-2.

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