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Contents

   



(Top)
 


1 Etymology  





2 Beliefs  





3 History  



3.1  Shia Islam and Kaysanites  







4 Kaysanite sub-sects  





5 See also  





6 References  



6.1  Bibliography  







7 External links  














Kaysanites






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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 

(Redirected from Kaysanites Shia)

The Kaysanites (Arabic: كيسانية, romanizedKaysāniyya) were a Shi'i sect of Islam that formed from the followers of Al-Mukhtar. They traced Imamate from Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah and his descendants. The name Kaysaniyya was most likely derived from the name of Mukhtar's chief guard, Abu Amra Kaysan.[1]

Etymology[edit]

The followers of Al-Mukhtar who emerged from his movement (including all subsequent sub-sects which evolved from his movement) who firstly upheld the Imamate of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah and his descendants or any other designated successors were initially named the "Mukhtariyya" (after Al-Mukhtar), but were soon more commonly referred to as the『Kaysānīyya』(i.e. Kaysanites).

The name "Kaysānīyya" must have been based on the "kunya" (surname) Kaysān, allegedly given to al-Mukhtar by Ali, or the name of a freed mawlā of ʿAli who was killed at the Battle of Siffin called Kaysān, from whom it is claimed Al-Mukhtar acquired his ideas. Similarly, it may be named after Abu Amra Kaysan, a prominent mawālī and chief of al-Mukhtar’s personal bodyguard. Others claim that either ʿAli or Ibn al-Ḥanafiya named al-Mukhtar ‘Kaysān,’ because of his ingeniousness.[2][3][4][5][page needed][6]

Beliefs[edit]

The Kaysanites as a collective sect held the following common beliefs:

Furthermore, some Kaysanite sub-sects established their own unique beliefs, such as:

History[edit]

Shia Islam and Kaysanites[edit]

The Kaysanites pursued an activist anti-establishment policy against the Umayyads, aiming to transfer leadership of the Muslims to Alids[19] and accounted for the allegiance of the bulk of the Shi'a populace (even overshadowing the Imamis)[20] until shortly after the Abbasid revolution. Initially they broke away from the religiously moderate attitudes of the early Kufan Shi'a.[21] Most of the Kaysanites support came from superficially Islamicized Mawalis in southern Iraq, Persia and elsewhere,[21] as well as other supporters in Iraq, particularly in Kufa and Al-Mada'in (Ctesiphon).[10]

Following the death of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, the bulk of the Kaysanites acknowledged the Imamate of Abd-Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah (a.k.a. Abu Hashim, the eldest son of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, d. 716). This sub-sect (a.k.a. Hashimiyya, named after Abu Hashim), which comprised the majority of the Kaysanites was the earliest Shi'ite group whose teachings and revolutionary stance were disseminated in Persia, especially in Greater Khorasan, where it found adherents among the Mawalis and Arab settlers.[20]

By the end of the Umayyad period the majority of the Hashimiyya, transferred their allegiance to the Abbasid family and they played an important role in the propaganda campaign that eventually led to the successful Abbasid revolution.[21]

However, the Kaysanites did not survive as a sect, even though they occupied a majority position among the Shi'a until shortly after the Abbasid revolution.[22] The remaining Kaysanites who had not joined the Abbasid party sought to align themselves with alternative Shi'a communities. Therefore, in Khurasan and other eastern lands many joined the Khurramites. In Iraq they joined Ja'far al-SadiqorMuhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya, who were then the main Alid claimants to the Imamate. However, with the demise of the activist movement of al-Nafs az-Zakiyya, Ja'far al-Sadiq emerged as their main rallying point.[23] Hence, by the end of the 8th century the majority of the Kaysanites had turned to other Imams.[10]

Kaysanite sub-sects[edit]

The Kaysanite Shi'a sect split into numerous sub-sects throughout its history. These splits would occur after a Kaysanite leader died and his followers would divide by pledging their allegiance to different leaders, with each sub-sect claiming the authenticity of its own leader.

When Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah died in 700 the Kaysanites split into at least three distinct sub-sects:[24]

After the death of Abu Hashim, no less than four to five sub-sects claimed succession to Abu Hashim from the original Hashimiyya:[27][28][29]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Lalani 2000, p. 34
  • ^ Ibn Qutayba, p. 622; Nawbaḵti, pp. 20-21
  • ^ Daftary 1990, pp. 59–60.
  • ^ Sachedina, Abdulaziz Abdulhussein (1 January 1981). Islamic Messianism: The Idea of Mahdi in Twelver Shi'ism. SUNY Press. ISBN 9780873954426 – via Google Books.
  • ^ Lalani 2000.
  • ^ De Lacy O'Leary (2000). A short history of the Fatimid khalifate. Routledge. p. 5. ISBN 9780415244657.
  • ^ a b Daftary 2005, p. 13.
  • ^ Glassé, Cyril; Smith, Huston (2003). The New Encyclopedia of Islam. Rowman Altamira. ISBN 9780759101906 – via Google Books.
  • ^ Daftary 1998, p. 27.
  • ^ a b c d Halm 2004, p. 18.
  • ^ Daftary 2005, p. 12.
  • ^ a b Early Shīʻī thought: the teachings of Imam Muhạmmad al-Bāqir, by Arzina R. Lalani, Institute of Ismaili Studies, p. 11
  • ^ The new encyclopedia of Islam, by Cyril Glassé, Huston Smith, p. 252
  • ^ Halm 2004, p. 491.
  • ^ Islamic messianism: the idea of Mahdī in twelver Shīʻism, by Abdulaziz Abdulhussein Sachedina, p. 10
  • ^ Kippenberg, Hans Hans Gerhard; Stroumsa, Guy G. (1995). Secrecy and Concealment: Studies in the History of Mediterranean and Near Eastern Religions. Brill. ISBN 9004102353 – via Google Books.
  • ^ Halm 2004, p. 498.
  • ^ Madelung, Wilferd; Walker, Paul Ernest (1998). باب الشيطان من كتاب الشجرة لابي تمام: The『Bāb Al-shayṭān』from Abū Tammām's Kitāb Al-shajara. Brill. ISBN 9004110720 – via Google Books.
  • ^ Daftary, Farhad (2004). Ismaili Literature: A Bibliography of Sources and Studies. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 9781850434399 – via Google Books.
  • ^ a b History of Civilizations of Central Asia (vol. 4, part-1). Motilal Banarsidass. 1992. ISBN 9788120815957 – via Google Books.
  • ^ a b c Daftary 2005, p. 15.
  • ^ Daftary 1998, p. 22.
  • ^ Daftary 1998, p. 31.
  • ^ a b c d Daftary 1990, p. 60.
  • ^ O'Leary, De Lacy (1954). Arabic Thought and Its Place in History. Routledge & Kegan Paul. ISBN 9781605066943 – via Google Books.
  • ^ Daftary 1990, p. 61.
  • ^ Early Shīʻī thought: the teachings of Imam Muhạmmad al-Bāqir, by Arzina R. Lalani, Institute of Ismaili Studies, p. 42
  • ^ a b Yücesoy, Hayrettin (2009). Messianic Beliefs and Imperial Politics in Medieval Islam: The ʻAbbāsid Caliphate in the Early Ninth Century. Univ of South Carolina Press. ISBN 9781570038198 – via Google Books.
  • ^ a b Babayan, Kathryn (2002). Mystics, Monarchs, and Messiahs: Cultural Landscapes of Early Modern Iran. Harvard CMES. ISBN 9780932885289 – via Google Books.
  • ^ a b c d The historical, social and economic setting, by M.S. Asimov, Clifford Edmund Bosworth, p. 45
  • ^ a b Islamic messianism: the idea of Mahdī in twelver Shīʻism, by Abdulaziz Abdulhussein Sachedina, p. 11
  • ^ Mystics, monarchs, and messiahs: cultural landscapes of early modern Iran, by Kathryn Babayan, p. 258
  • ^ Mystics, monarchs, and messiahs: cultural landscapes of early modern Iran, by Kathryn Babayan, p. 287
  • ^ The historical, social and economic setting, by M.S. Asimov, Clifford Edmund Bosworth, p. 46
  • ^ A short history of the Fatimid khalifate, by De Lacy O'Leary, p. 5
  • ^ Arabic Thought and Its Place in History, by De Lacy O'Leary, p.!59
  • ^ Messianic Beliefs and Imperial Politics in Medieval Islam: The Abbasid ..., by Hayrettin Yücesoy, pp. 2, 21, 23
  • ^ a b Messianic Beliefs and Imperial Politics in Medieval Islam: The Abbasid ..., by Hayrettin Yücesoy, p. 25
  • Bibliography[edit]

  • Daftary, Farhad (1998). A Short History of the Ismailis. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-0904-0.
  • Daftary, Farhad (2005). Ismailis in Medieval Muslim Societies. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 1-84511-091-9.
  • Halm, Heinz (2004). Shi'ism (2nd ed.). Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-1888-0.
  • Lalani, Arzina R. (2000). Early Shi'i Thought: The Teachings of Imam Muhammad Al-Baqir. I. B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1860644344.
  • External links[edit]


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