J u m p t o c o n t e n t
M a i n m e n u
M a i n m e n u
N a v i g a t i o n
● M a i n p a g e ● C o n t e n t s ● C u r r e n t e v e n t s ● R a n d o m a r t i c l e ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● C o n t a c t u s ● D o n a t e
C o n t r i b u t e
● H e l p ● L e a r n t o e d i t ● C o m m u n i t y p o r t a l ● R e c e n t c h a n g e s ● U p l o a d f i l e
S e a r c h
Search
A p p e a r a n c e
● C r e a t e a c c o u n t ● L o g i n
P e r s o n a l t o o l s
● C r e a t e a c c o u n t ● L o g i n
P a g e s f o r l o g g e d o u t e d i t o r s l e a r n m o r e ● C o n t r i b u t i o n s ● T a l k
( T o p )
1 G e o g r a p h i c a l D i s t r i b u t i o n
2 I n t e r n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n
T o g g l e I n t e r n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s u b s e c t i o n
2 . 1 V a n B i k ( 2 0 0 9 )
2 . 2 P e t e r s o n ( 2 0 1 7 )
3 S e e a l s o
4 R e f e r e n c e s
5 B i b l i o g r a p h y
6 F u r t h e r r e a d i n g
7 E x t e r n a l l i n k s
T o g g l e t h e t a b l e o f c o n t e n t s
K u k i - C h i n l a n g u a g e s
1 6 l a n g u a g e s
● A s t u r i a n u ● ব া ং ল া ● B r e z h o n e g ● D e u t s c h ● E s p a ñ o l ● F r a n ç a i s ● G a l e g o ● ह ि न ् द ी ● H r v a t s k i ● မ ြ န ် မ ာ ဘ ာ သ ာ ● 日 本 語 ● ਪ ੰ ਜ ਾ ਬ ੀ ● Р у с с к и й ● ไ ท ย ● T i ế n g V i ệ t ● 中 文
E d i t l i n k s
● A r t i c l e ● T a l k
E n g l i s h
● R e a d ● E d i t ● V i e w h i s t o r y
T o o l s
T o o l s
A c t i o n s
● R e a d ● E d i t ● V i e w h i s t o r y
G e n e r a l
● W h a t l i n k s h e r e ● R e l a t e d c h a n g e s ● U p l o a d f i l e ● S p e c i a l p a g e s ● P e r m a n e n t l i n k ● P a g e i n f o r m a t i o n ● C i t e t h i s p a g e ● G e t s h o r t e n e d U R L ● D o w n l o a d Q R c o d e ● W i k i d a t a i t e m
P r i n t / e x p o r t
● D o w n l o a d a s P D F ● P r i n t a b l e v e r s i o n
A p p e a r a n c e
F r o m W i k i p e d i a , t h e f r e e e n c y c l o p e d i a
( R e d i r e c t e d f r o m K u k i - N a g a l a n g u a g e s )
This article
may be very hard to understand .
Please help clarify it . (December 2023 )
The Kuki-Chin-Mizo languages (also called Kuki-Chin-Mizo ,[2] Kukish or South-Central Tibeto-Burman languages ) are a branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family spoken in northeastern India , western Myanmar and southeastern Bangladesh . Most notable Kuki-Chin-speaking ethnic groups are referred to collectively as the Zo people which includes: the Mizo of Mizoram , the Kuki of Manipur , Assam , Nagaland , Tripura and Bangladesh and the Chin of Chin State , Myanmar .
Kuki-Chin is alternatively called South-Central Trans-Himalayan (or South Central Tibeto-Burman) by Konnerth (2018), because of negative connotations of the term "Kuki-Chin" for many speakers of languages in this group.[3]
Kuki-Chin is sometimes placed under Kuki-Chin–Naga , a geographical rather than linguistic grouping.
Geographical Distribution [ edit ]
Northwestern : Chandel district of Manipur, India; Tamu Township of Sagaing Region, Myanmar.
Northern : Chandel district , Churachandpur district , Kangpokpi district , Noney district , Tamenglong district , and Tengnoupal districts of Manipur, India; Tedim Township of Chin State, Myanmar; Tamu Township of Sagaing Region, Myanmar.
Central : whole state of Mizoram , India; Pherzawl district of Manipur, India; parts of Cachar district and parts of Karbi Anglong district of Assam, India; parts of East Jaintia Hills district of Meghalaya, India; Falam Township , Hakha Township , and Thantlang Townships of Chin State, Myanmar; Kalay Township and Khampat Townships of Sagaing Region, Myanmar, parts of Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh.
Maraic : majority of Siaha district of Mizoram , India; parts of Matupi Township of Chin State, Myanmar.
Southern : Kanpetlet Township , Matupi Township , Mindat Township , Paletwa Townships of Chin State, Myanmar; parts of the Arakan Range of Rakhine State, Myanmar; parts of Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh.
Khomic : Paletwa Township of Chin State, Myanmar; parts of Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh.
Internal classification [ edit ]
The Karbi languages may be closely related to Kuki-Chin, but Thurgood (2003) and van Driem (2011) leave Karbi unclassified within Sino-Tibetan.[4] [5]
The Kuki-Chin branches listed below are from VanBik (2009), with the Northwestern Scott DeLancey , et al. (2015),[6] Khomic Southern branch) from Peterson (2017).[7]
Kuki-Chin
Central Mizo (Duhlian), Bawm (Sunthla and Panghawi), Falam (Hallam, Ranglong , Darlong , Hauhulh, Simpi, Hualngo, Chorei ), Thor (Tawr), Hmar , Hrangkhol , Biate (Biete), Hakha (Lai/Pawi, Mi-E, Zokhua), Pangkhua , Saihriem , Laizo /Tlaisun , Khualsim , Zanniat , Zahau , Sim
Maraic Mara (Tlosai {Siaha and Saikao}, Hawthai {Lyvaw, Sizo, and Lochei}, Hlaipao {Zyhno, Heima, and Lialai}), Zophei , Senthang , Zotung (Lungngo, Calthawn, Innmai), Lautu
Northern Zo Paite , Tedim , Thado (Kuki), Gangte , Simte , Vaiphei , Sizang , Ralte , Ngawn
Southern Shö (Asho/Khyang, Chinbon), Thaiphum , Daai (Nitu), Mün , Yindu , Matu , Welaung (Rawngtu), Kaang , Laitu , Rungtu , Songlai , Sumtu
Khomic Khumi (Khumi proper and Khumi Awa), Mro , Rengmitca , etc.
Northwestern Monsang , Moyon , Lamkang , Aimol , Anal , Tarao , Koireng (Kolhreng), Chiru , Kom , Chothe , Purum ,[7] Kharam ,[7]
Darlong and Ranglong are unclassified Kuki-Chin language.
The recently discovered Sorbung language may be mixed language that could classify as either a Kuki-Chin or Tangkhul language (Mortenson & Keogh 2011).[8]
Anu-Hkongso speakers self-identify as ethnic Chin people , although their language is closely related to Mru rather than to Kuki-Chin languages. The Mruic languages constitute a separate Tibeto-Burman branch, and are not part of Kuki-Chin.[7]
VanBik (2009) [ edit ]
Kenneth VanBik's (2009:23) classified the Kuki-Chin languages based on shared sound changes (phonological innovations) from Proto-Kuki-Chin as follows.
Kuki-Chin
Central : *k(ʰ)r-, *p(ʰ)r- > *t(ʰ)r-; *k(ʰ)l-, *p(ʰ)l- > *t(ʰ)l-; *y- > *z-
Lamtuk Thet : Lamtuk, Ruavan
Lai
Hakha : Hakha , Thantlang , Zokhua
Falam : Bawm , Bualkhaw, Laizo , Lente, Khualsim , Khuangli, Sim, Tlaisun, Zanniat
Mizo
Mizo : Fanai, Hualngo, Lushai, Khiangte
Hmar : Khosak, Thiek, Lawitlang, Khawbung, Darngawn, Lungtau, Leiri
Maraic : *kr- > *ts-; *-ʔ, *-r, *-l > -Ø; *-p, *-t, *-k > *-ʔ; *θ- > *s-
Mara
Tlosai
Hlaipao
Heima
Lialai
Vahapi/Zyhno
HawThai
Lautu
Zophei
Senthang
Zotung *h- > *f-; *kr- > *r-; *khl- > *kh-, *l-; *c(h h h
Calthawng
Innmai
Lungngo/Tinpa
Peripheral: *r- > *g-
Northern : *θ- > *ts-; *kl- > *tl-; *-r > *-k
Southern (Southern Plains): *-r > *-y
Peterson (2017) [ edit ]
David A. Peterson's (2017:206)[7]
Central
Peripheral
Peterson's Northeastern branch corresponds to VanBik's Northern branch, while Peterson's Northwestern corresponds to the Old Kuki branch of earlier classifications.
See also [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
^ Burling, Robbins (2003). "The Tibeto-Burman languages of Northeastern India". In Graham Thurgood; Randy J. LaPolla (eds.). The Sino-Tibetan Languages . pp. 169–191.
^ Konnerth, Linda. 2018. The historical phonology of Monsang (Northwestern South-Central/“Kuki-Chin”): A case of reduction in phonological complexity . Himalayan Linguistics , Vol. 17(1 ): 19-49, note [2 ]: "...many language activists among the speakers of languages of the South-Central branch has made it clear to me that using the “Kuki-Chin” label is very insensitive."
^ Thurgood, Graham (2003) "A subgrouping of the Sino-Tibetan languages: The interaction between language contact, change, and inheritance." In G. Thurgood and R. LaPolla, eds., The Sino-Tibetan languages , pp. 13–14. London: Routledge, ISBN 978-0-7007-1129-1 .
^ van Driem, George L. (2011a), "Tibeto-Burman subgroups and historical grammar" , Himalayan Linguistics Journal , 10 1 ): 31–39, archived from the original on 12 January 2012.
^ DeLancey, Scott; Krishna Boro; Linda Konnerth1; Amos Teo. 2015. Tibeto-Burman Languages of the Indo-Myanmar borderland . 31st South Asian Languages Analysis Roundtable, 14 May 2015.
^ a b c d e Peterson, David. 2017. "On Kuki-Chin subgrouping." In Picus Sizhi Ding and Jamin Pelkey, eds. Sociohistorical linguistics in Southeast Asia: New horizons for Tibeto-Burman studies in honor of David Bradley , 189-209. Leiden: Brill.
^ David Mortenson and Jennifer Keogh. 2011. "Sorbung, an Undocumented Language of Manipur: its Phonology and Place in Tibeto-Burman ", in JEALS 4, vol 1.
Bibliography [ edit ]
George van Driem (2001) Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region. Brill, ISBN 978-90-04-12062-4 .
VanBik, Kenneth. 2009. Proto-Kuki-Chin: A Reconstructed Ancestor of the Kuki-Chin Languages . STEDT Monograph 8. ISBN 0-944613-47-0 .
Further reading [ edit ]
Button, Christopher. 2011. Proto Northern Chin . STEDT Monograph 10. ISBN 0-944613-49-7 . http://stedt.berkeley.edu/pubs_and_prods/STEDT_Monograph10_Proto-Northern-Chin.pdf
Hill, Nathan W. (2014). "Proto-Kuki-Chin initials according to Toru Ohno and Kenneth VanBik" . Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society . 7
Lam Thang, Khoi (2001). A Phonological Reconstruction of Proto Chin (PDF) (MA thesis). Chiang Mai: Payap University.
Mann, Noel, and Wendy Smith. 2008. Chin bibliography Archived 23 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine . Chiang Mai: Payap University.
S. Dal Sian Pau. 2014. The comparative study of Proto-Zomi (Kuki-Chin) languages . Lamka, Manipur, India: Zomi Language & Literature Society (ZOLLS). [Comparative word list of Paite , Simte , Thangkhal , Zou , Kom , Paite or Tedim , and Vaiphei ]
Smith, Wendy and Noel Mann. 2009. Chin bibliography with selected annotations Archived 30 October 2019 at the Wayback Machine . Chiang Mai: Payap University.
VanBik, Kenneth (2009). Proto-Kuki-Chin: A Reconstructed Ancestor of the Kuki-Chin Languages ISBN 978-0-944613-47-4
External links [ edit ]
t
e
Official language
Semiofficial language
Indigenous languagesby state or region )
Non-Indigenous
Sign languages
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kuki-Chin_languages&oldid=1231578850 " C a t e g o r i e s : ● K u k i - C h i n l a n g u a g e s ● L a n g u a g e s o f I n d i a ● L a n g u a g e s o f B a n g l a d e s h H i d d e n c a t e g o r i e s : ● A r t i c l e s w i t h s h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n ● S h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n m a t c h e s W i k i d a t a ● W i k i p e d i a a r t i c l e s t h a t a r e i n c o m p r e h e n s i b l e f r o m D e c e m b e r 2 0 2 3 ● A l l W i k i p e d i a a r t i c l e s t h a t a r e i n c o m p r e h e n s i b l e ● U s e d m y d a t e s f r o m M a r c h 2 0 1 7 ● U s e B r i t i s h E n g l i s h f r o m N o v e m b e r 2 0 1 7 ● W e b a r c h i v e t e m p l a t e w a y b a c k l i n k s
● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 2 9 J u n e 2 0 2 4 , a t 0 2 : 1 6 ( U T C ) . ● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n . ● P r i v a c y p o l i c y ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● D i s c l a i m e r s ● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a ● C o d e o f C o n d u c t ● D e v e l o p e r s ● S t a t i s t i c s ● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t ● M o b i l e v i e w
