This is a list of countries by population in 1800. Estimate numbers are from the beginning of the year, and exact population figures are for countries that were having a census in the year 1800 (which were on various dates in that year). The bulk of these numbers are sourced from Alexander V. Avakov's Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics, Volume 1, pages 21 to 24, which cover population figures from the year 1800 divided into modern borders. Avakov, in turn, cites a variety of sources, mostly Angus Maddison. Italian sub figures are derived from elsewhere.[1] Other figures come from Jan Lahmeyer's website,[2] which in turn is based on a variety of sources.[3]
The aggregate populations will exceed the total population because some states existed in multiple entities. For example, the Kingdom of Prussia and the Habsburg monarchy had holdings that were also part of the Holy Roman Empire (though not all of the Prussian and Habsburg territories shared this aspect). In another case, the province of Wallachia was a vassal of the Ottoman sultan, but also a tributary of the Russian Empire.
^In 1800 the Maratha Confederacy controlled roughly 2,500,000 km2 of land, or 56% of the Indian subcontinent, which had a population of 207 million at the time according to Mahalanobis and Bhattacharya.
^Several territories were under the rule of the British East India Company rather than being directly controlled by the British government. London would not directly manage the Indian princely states until 1858
^This estimation of population excludes Aboriginal Australians who were not included in estimations of populations until 1967.
^1800 (Lieberman)/Early 19th century (Baker-Phongpaichit).
^In 2021, the Yoruba population was estimated to make up 17.9% of the Nigerian population. In 1800, the population of Nigeria was 12.1 million, and 17.9% of that rounds to 2,175,016.
^In 2006, the Aro population was estimated to make up 2.9% of the Nigerian population. In 1800, the population of Nigeria was 12.1 million, and 2.9% of that rounds to 349,081.
^Today, the Ankole population is estimated to make up 9.8% of the Ugandan population. In 1800, the population of Uganda was 2.1 million, and 9.8% of that is 205,800.
^Hawaii adopted the British Red Ensign as an independent nation from 1793 to 1800.
^Today, the Dendi population is estimated to make up 0.02% of the African population. In 1800, the population of Africa was 85,589,000, and 9.8% of that rounds to 17,243.
^Tahiti did not have a national flag until 1822.[45]
^A. K. Cairncross, The Scottish Economy: A Statistical Account of Scottish Life by Members of the Staff of Glasgow University (Glasgow: Glasgow University Press, 1953), p. 10.
^The combined population of Germany (25m), Austria (3.37m), Czechia (5.516m), Belgium (3.434m), Slovenia (0.469m), and a third of Italy (6.7m). Avakov, p. 21-23. Many of these places were under the occupation of France, but the Empire was not formally dissolved until 1806.
^Territory also includes the rest of "Austrian Lombardy."
^Lieberman, Victor (2003). Strange Parallels: Volume 1, Integration on the Mainland: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c.800–1830 (Studies in Comparative World History) (Kindle ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 295. ISBN978-0521800860.
^(a) Yoshio Oguchi, "Demographics of Satsuma Domian", Reimeikan Chōsa Kenkyū Hōkoku (no. 11), pp. 87–134 (1998). (b) Yoshio Oguchi, "Demographics of Satsuma Domian and early modern Ryūkyū", Reimeikan Chōsa Kenkyū Hōkoku (no. 13), pp. 1–42 (2000) (all in Japanese).
