| Orizaba Nahuatl | |
|---|---|
| Āwilisāpan Nāwatl | |
| Native to | Mexico |
| Region | Veracruz |
Native speakers | (120,000 cited 1991)[1] |
| |
| Latin | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | nlv |
| Glottolog | oriz1235 |
Orizaba Nahuatl is a native American language spoken in the southeastern Mexican state of Veracruz mostly in the area to the south of the city of Orizaba.[2] It is also known as Orizaba Aztec and Náhuatl de la Sierra de Zongolica.[3] It has 79 percent intelligibility with Morelos Nahuatl.[3] There is a dialect called Ixhuatlancillo Nahuatl[3] which is spoken in a town to the north of Orizaba. There is one secondary school which uses this language.[3]
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | i | |
| Mid | e | o |
| Low | a | |
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | iː ⟨ī⟩ | |
| Mid | eː ⟨ē⟩ | oː ⟨ō⟩ |
| Low | aː ⟨ā⟩ | |
| Labial | Apical | Post- alveolar |
Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Central | Lateral | Unrounded | Rounded | ||||
| Nasal | m ⟨m⟩ | n ~ ŋ ⟨n⟩ | |||||
| Plosive | p ⟨p⟩ | t ⟨t⟩ | k ⟨k⟩ | kʷ ⟨kw⟩ | h ⟨h⟩ | ||
| Affricate | ts ⟨ts⟩ | tɬ ⟨tl⟩ | tʃ ⟨ch⟩ | ||||
| Fricative | w ~ β ~ ɸ ⟨w⟩ | s ⟨s⟩ | l ⟨l⟩ | ʃ ⟨x⟩ | ɣ ⟨g⟩ | ||
| Semivowel | j ⟨y⟩ | ||||||
The orthography of Orizaba Nahuatl (nlv) is similar to that of Classical Nahuatl (nah), though it features the consonants of this modern variety internationally rather than on the basis of Castilian (Spanish) orthography:
This corresponds to a more phonetic translation while still making use of macrons to mark long vowels. In this orthography the name of the language is Nawatl (as capitalized for English speakers), rather than Nahuatl. Most grammar and vocabulary changes are minor, most of them corresponding to neologisms and loan words from Spanish. Example:
(In this case both long vowels and intermediate consonant are lost.)
Some loanwords from Spanish:
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| Northern |
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| Southern |
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| History |
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Italics indicate extinct languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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