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A p p e a r a n c e
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( R e d i r e c t e d f r o m P o t a s s i u m d i h y d r o g e n p h o s p h a t e )
Monopotassium phosphate
Two unit cells of MKP viewed close to the b
Names
IUPAC names
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate[1]
Other names
Potassium phosphate monobasic;
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol )
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.029.012
EC Number
E number E340(i ) (antioxidants, ...)
PubChem CID
RTECS number
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA )
InChI=1S/3K.H3O4P/c;;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;;(H3,1,2,3,4)/q3*+1;/p-3 Y
Key: LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K Y
InChI=1/3K.H3O4P/c;;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;;(H3,1,2,3,4)/q3*+1;/p-3
Key: LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-DFZHHIFOAX
Properties
Chemical formula
KH 2 PO 4
Molar mass
136.086 g/mol
Appearance
Colourless crystals or white granular or crystalline powder[2]
Odor
Odorless [2]
Density
2.338 g/cm3
Melting point
252.6 °C (486.7 °F; 525.8 K ) [4]
Boiling point
400 °C (752 °F; 673 K ) , decomposes
Solubility in water
22.6 g/100 mL (20 °C) g/100 mL (90 °C)
Solubility
Slightly soluble in ethanol
Acidity (p K a 6.86[3]
Basicity (p K b 11.9
Refractive index (n D
1.4864
Structure
Crystal structure
Tetragonal[5]
Space group
I 4
Lattice constant
a nm, b nm, c nm
Hazards
GHS labelling
Pictograms
[6]
Signal word
Warning [6]
Hazard statements
H315 , H319 [6]
Precautionary statements
P264 , P280 , P305+P351+P338 , P321 , P332+P313 , P337+P313 [6]
NFPA 704
Flash point
Non-flammable
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD 50 median dose )
3200 mg/kg (rat, oral)
Safety data sheet (SDS)
External MSDS
Related compounds
Other cations
Monosodium phosphate Monoammonium phosphate
Related compounds
Dipotassium phosphate Tripotassium phosphate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references
Chemical compound
Monopotassium phosphate (MKP ) (also, potassium dihydrogen phosphate , KDP , or monobasic potassium phosphate ) is the inorganic compound with the formula KH2 PO 4 dipotassium phosphate (K 2 4 . (H 2 O )x fertilizer , food additive , and buffering agent . The salt often cocrystallizes with the dipotassium salt as well as with phosphoric acid .[7]
Single crystals are paraelectric at room temperature. At temperatures below −150 °C (−238 °F), they become ferroelectric .
Structure [ edit ]
Monopotassium phosphate can exist in several polymorphs . At room temperature it forms paraelectric crystals with tetragonal symmetry. Upon cooling to −150 °C (−238 °F) it transforms to a ferroelectric phase of orthorhombic symmetry, and the transition temperature shifts up to −50 °C (−58 °F) when hydrogen is replaced by deuterium.[8] [9] KPO3 , at 400 °C (752 °F).
Symmetry
Space
№ Pearson
a nm )
b nm )
c nm )
Z Density 3 )
T (°C, °F, K)
Orthorhombic [8] Fdd2
43 oF48
1.0467
1.0533
0.6926
8 2.37
< −150 °C, −238 °F, 123 K
Tetragonal [5] I 4 122
tI24
0.744
0.744
0.697
4 2.34
−150 to 190 °C, −238 to 374 °F, 123 to 463 K
Monoclinic [9] P21
14 mP48
0.733
1.449
0.747
8
190 to 400 °C, 374 to 752 °F, 463 to 673 K
Manufacturing [ edit ]
Monopotassium phosphate is produced by the action of phosphoric acid on potassium carbonate .
Applications [ edit ]
Fertilizer-grade MKP powder contains the equivalent of 52% P 2 O 5 K 2 O NPK 0-52-34. MKP powder is often used as a nutrient source in the greenhouse trade and in hydroponics .
As a crystal , MKP is noted for its non-linear optical properties. It is used in optical modulators and for non-linear optics such as second-harmonic generation (SHG).
Also, to be noted is KD*P , potassium dideuterium phosphate , with slightly different properties. Highly deuterated KDP is used in nonlinear frequency conversion of laser light instead of protonated (regular) KDP due to the fact that the replacement of protons with deuterons in the crystal shifts the third overtone of the strong OH molecular stretch to longer wavelengths, moving it mostly out of the range of the fundamental line at approximately 1064 nm of neodymium-based lasers . Regular KDP has absorbances at this wavelength of approximately 4.7–6.3% per cm of thickness while highly deuterated KDP has absorbances of typically less than 0.8% per cm.
Monopotassium phosphate is also used as an ingredient in sports drinks such as Gatorade and Powerade .
In medicine, monopotassium phosphate is used for phosphate substitution in hypophosphatemia .[10]
Gallery [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
^ Mathews, Christopher K., K. E. Van Holde, Ean R. Appling, and Spencer J. Anthony-Cahill. Biochemistry. Redwood City, CA: Benjamin/Cummings Pub., 1990. Print.
^ King, Harold S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1927, 49, 6, 1511–1512 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01405a018
^ a b Ono, Yasuhiro; Hikita, Tomoyuki; Ikeda, Takuro (1987). "Phase Transitions in Mixed Crystal System K1−x (NH 4 x H 2 PO 4 Journal of the Physical Society of Japan . 56 2 ): 577. Bibcode :1987JPSJ...56..577O . doi :10.1143/JPSJ.56.577 .
^ a b c d "Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate" . American Elements . Retrieved October 30, 2018 .
^ Klaus Schrödter; Gerhard Bettermann; Thomas Staffel; Friedrich Wahl; Thomas Klein; Thomas Hofmann (2012). "Phosphoric Acid and Phosphates". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry doi :10.1002/14356007.a19_465.pub3 . ISBN 978-3527306732
^ a b Fukami, T. (1990). "Refinement of the Crystal Structure of KH2 PO 4 Physica Status Solidi A . 117 (2 ): K93–K96. Bibcode :1990PSSAR.117...93F . doi :10.1002/pssa.2211170234 .
^ a b Itoh, Kazuyuki; Matsubayashi, Tetsuo; Nakamura, Eiji; Motegi, Hiroshi (1975). "X-Ray Study of High-Temperature Phase Transitions in KH2 PO 4 Journal of the Physical Society of Japan . 39 3 ): 843. Bibcode :1975JPSJ...39..843I . doi :10.1143/JPSJ.39.843 .
^ Gaasbeek, André; Meinders, A. Edo (October 2005). "Hypophosphatemia: an update on its etiology and treatment" . The American Journal of Medicine . 118 (10 ): 1094–1101. doi :10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.02.014 . ISSN 0002-9343 . PMID 16194637 .
External links [ edit ]
t
e
H, (pseudo)halogens
chalcogens
pnictogens
B, C group
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R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monopotassium_phosphate&oldid=1187361963 " C a t e g o r i e s : ● S e c o n d - h a r m o n i c g e n e r a t i o n ● P h o s p h a t e s ● P o t a s s i u m c o m p o u n d s ● A c i d s a l t s ● N o n l i n e a r o p t i c a l m a t e r i a l s ● T r a n s p a r e n t m a t e r i a l s ● E - n u m b e r a d d i t i v e s ● I n o r g a n i c f e r t i l i z e r s H i d d e n c a t e g o r i e s : ● C S 1 m a i n t : l o c a t i o n ● A r t i c l e s w i t h o u t K E G G s o u r c e ● A r t i c l e s w i t h c h a n g e d E B I i d e n t i f i e r ● A r t i c l e s w i t h c h a n g e d C h e m S p i d e r i d e n t i f i e r ● E C H A I n f o C a r d I D f r o m W i k i d a t a ● E n u m b e r f r o m W i k i d a t a ● C h e m b o x h a v i n g G H S d a t a ● A r t i c l e s c o n t a i n i n g u n v e r i f i e d c h e m i c a l i n f o b o x e s ● C h e m b o x i m a g e s i z e s e t ● A r t i c l e s w i t h s h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n ● S h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n m a t c h e s W i k i d a t a ● C o m m o n s c a t e g o r y l i n k i s o n W i k i d a t a
● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 2 8 N o v e m b e r 2 0 2 3 , a t 1 9 : 5 2 ( U T C ) . ● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n . ● P r i v a c y p o l i c y ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● D i s c l a i m e r s ● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a ● C o d e o f C o n d u c t ● D e v e l o p e r s ● S t a t i s t i c s ● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t ● M o b i l e v i e w
[6]
