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Potassium iodate
Names
IUPAC name
Potassium iodate
Other names
Iodic acid, potassium salt
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol )
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard 100.028.938
EC Number
E number E917 (glazing agents, ...)
PubChem CID
RTECS number
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA )
InChI=1S/HIO3.K/c2-1(3 )4;/h(H,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1 Y
Key: JLKDVMWYMMLWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Y
InChI=1/HIO3.K/c2-1(3 )4;/h(H,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1
Key: JLKDVMWYMMLWTI-REWHXWOFAL
Properties
Chemical formula
KIO3
Molar mass
214.001 g/mol
Appearance
white crystalline powder
Odor
odorless
Density
3.89 g/cm3
Melting point
560 °C (1,040 °F; 833 K ) (decomposes)
Solubility in water
4.74 g/100 mL (0 °C)
Solubility
soluble in KI alcohol , liquid ammonia , nitric acid
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)
−63.1·10−6 cm 3
Hazards
GHS labelling
Pictograms
Hazard statements
H272 , H302 , H318
Precautionary statements
P210 , P280 , P301+P312+P330 , P305+P351+P338+P310
NFPA 704
Flash point
Non-flammable
Related compounds
Other anions
Potassium chlorate Potassium bromate
Other cations
Sodium iodate
Related compounds
Potassium iodide Potassium periodate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references
Chemical compound
Potassium iodate (K I O 3 ionic inorganic compound with the formula KIO3 . It is a white salt that is soluble in water.[1]
Preparation and properties [ edit ]
It can be prepared by reacting a potassium-containing base such as potassium hydroxide with iodic acid , for example:[1]
HIO3 + KOH → KIO3 H 2 O
It can also be prepared by adding iodine to a hot, concentrated solution of potassium hydroxide:[1]
3 I 2 KOH → KIO3 KI H 2 O
Or by fusing potassium iodide with potassium chlorate , bromate or perchlorate , the melt is extracted with water and potassium iodate is isolated from the solution by crystallization:[2]
KI + KClO3 3
The analogous reaction with potassium hypochlorite is also possible:[3]
KI + 3KOCl → 3KCl + KIO3
Conditions/substances to avoid include: heat , shock , friction ,[4] [1] aluminium ,[4] organic compounds ,[1] carbon , hydrogen peroxide and sulfides .[4]
Applications [ edit ]
Potassium iodate is sometimes used for iodination of table salt to prevent iodine deficiency . In the US, iodized salt contains antioxidants , because atmospheric oxygen can oxidize wet iodide to iodine; other countries simply use potassium iodate instead.[5] ferrous fumarate and potassium iodate, "double fortified salt", are used to address both iron and iodine deficiencies.[6] baby formula .[7]
Like potassium bromate , potassium iodate is occasionally used as a maturing agent in baking.[8]
Radiation protection [ edit ]
An unopened box of potassium iodate tablets distributed in the early 2000s to Irish households in case of a terror attack on British nuclear facilities.
Potassium iodate may be used to protect against accumulation of radioactive iodine in the thyroid by saturating the body with a stable source of iodine prior to exposure.[9] World Health Organization for radiation protection, potassium iodate (KIO3 potassium iodide (KI ) , which has poor shelf life in hot and humid climates .[10] UK Singapore , United Arab Emirates , and the U.S. states Idaho and Utah all maintain potassium iodate tablets towards this end.[citation needed Following the September 11 attacks , the government of Ireland issued potassium iodate tablets to all households for a similar purpose.[11]
Recommended Dosage for Radiological Emergencies involving radioactive iodine[12]
Age
KI in mg
KIO3
Over 12 years old
130
170
3 – 12 years old
65 85
1 – 36 months old
32 42
< 1 month old
16 21
Potassium iodate is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as a thyroid blocker , and the FDA has taken action against US websites that promote this use.[13] [14]
Potassium iodate is an oxidizing agent and as such it can form explosive mixtures when combined with organic compounds.[1]
References [ edit ]
^ Andrews, Launcelot W. (July 1903). "Titrations with potassium iodide" . Journal of the American Chemical Society 25 7 ). Easton, Pennsylvania : US Postal Service : 756. doi :10.1021/ja02009a012 – via HathiTrust .
^ a b c Regulatory Affairs (23 March 2023). "Safety Data Sheet" (Potassium iodate MSDS) (5 ed.). Fair Lawn, NJ : Thermo Fisher Scientific . Archived from the original on 22 September 2023. Retrieved 22 September 2023 .
^ Arroyave, Guillermo; Pineda, Oscar; Scrimshaw, Nevin S. (1956) [May 1955]. "The stability of potassium iodate in crude table salt" . Bulletin of the World Health Organization 14 1 ): 183–185. PMC 2538103 PMID 13329845 .
^ Diosady, Levente L.; Mannar, M.G. Venkatesh; Krishnaswamy, Kiruba (2019). "Improving the lives of millions through new double fortification of salt technology" . Maternal & Child Nutrition . 15 doi :10.1111/mcn.12773 . PMC 6594086 PMID 31148400 .
^ James, Maia (2023-04-04). "Best Baby Formula Guide" . Gimme the Good Stuff . Retrieved 2023-09-22 .
^ Carson, Lin (ed.). "Potassium iodate" . BAKERpedia . Portland, OR . Retrieved 22 September 2023 .
^ Astbury, John; Horsley, Stephen; Gent, Nick (1999), "Evaluation of a scheme for the pre-distribution of stable iodine (potassium iodate) to the civilian population residing within the immediate countermeasures zone of a nuclear submarine construction facility" , Journal of Public Health , 21 4 ): 2008–10, doi :10.1093/pubmed/21.4.412 PMID 11469363 , archived from the original on 2008-09-05
^ Pahuja, D.N.; Rajan, M.G.; Borkar, A.V.; Samuel, A.M. (Nov 2008), "Potassium iodate and its comparison to potassium iodide as a blocker of 131I uptake by the thyroid in rats", Health Physics , 65 5 ): 545–9, doi :10.1097/00004032-199311000-00014 , PMID 8225995
^ "Decision to Discontinue the Future Distribution of Iodine Tablets" . Archived from the original on 2013-10-18. Retrieved 2013-05-22 .
^ Guidelines for Iodine Prophylaxis following Nuclear Accidents (PDF) , Geneva: World Health Organization , 1999
^ "Potassium iodide vs potassium iodate. Which one works?" .
^ W. Charles Becoat (29 May 2003). "Potassium Iodate Warning Letter" (PDF) . Food and Drug Administration.
t
e
H, (pseudo)halogens
chalcogens
pnictogens
B, C group
transition metals
organic
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Potassium_iodate&oldid=1219537559 " C a t e g o r i e s : ● I o d a t e s ● P o t a s s i u m c o m p o u n d s ● O x i d i z i n g a g e n t s H i d d e n c a t e g o r i e s : ● A r t i c l e s w i t h o u t E B I s o u r c e ● A r t i c l e s w i t h o u t K E G G s o u r c e ● E C H A I n f o C a r d I D f r o m W i k i d a t a ● E n u m b e r f r o m W i k i d a t a ● C h e m b o x h a v i n g G H S d a t a ● A r t i c l e s c o n t a i n i n g u n v e r i f i e d c h e m i c a l i n f o b o x e s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h s h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n ● S h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n m a t c h e s W i k i d a t a ● A l l a r t i c l e s w i t h u n s o u r c e d s t a t e m e n t s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h u n s o u r c e d s t a t e m e n t s f r o m F e b r u a r y 2 0 1 0
● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 1 8 A p r i l 2 0 2 4 , a t 1 0 : 3 0 ( U T C ) . ● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n . ● P r i v a c y p o l i c y ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● D i s c l a i m e r s ● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a ● C o d e o f C o n d u c t ● D e v e l o p e r s ● S t a t i s t i c s ● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t ● M o b i l e v i e w
