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Operator | Rosaviakosmos |
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COSPAR ID | 1993-005A ![]() |
SATCAT no. | 22319![]() |
Mission duration | 179 days, 43 minutes, 45 seconds |
Orbits completed | ~2,790 |
Spacecraft properties | |
Spacecraft | Soyuz 7K-STM No. 101 |
Spacecraft type | Soyuz-TM |
Manufacturer | NPO Energia |
Launch mass | 7,150 kilograms (15,760 lb) |
Crew | |
Crew size | 2 up 3 down |
Members | Gennadi Manakov Alexander Poleshchuk |
Landing | Jean-Pierre Haigneré |
Callsign | Вулка́н (Vulkan - Volcano) |
Start of mission | |
Launch date | 24 January 1993, 05:58:05 (1993-01-24UTC05:58:05Z) UTC |
Rocket | Soyuz-U2 |
End of mission | |
Landing date | 22 July 1993, 06:41:50 (1993-07-22UTC06:41:51Z) UTC |
Landing site | 140 kilometres (87 mi) S of Dzhezkazgan |
Orbital parameters | |
Reference system | Geocentric |
Regime | Low Earth |
Perigee altitude | 393 kilometres (244 mi) |
Apogee altitude | 394 kilometres (245 mi) |
Inclination | 51.6 degrees |
Docking with Mir | |
Docking date | 26 January 1993, 07:31:17 UTC |
Undocking date | 22 July 1993, 3:00:30 UTC |
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Soyuz programme
(Crewed missions) |
Soyuz TM-16 was the sixteenth expedition to the Russian Space Station Mir.[1]
The Soyuz-TM crew transports (T - транспортный - Transportnyi - meaning transport, M - модифицированный - Modifitsirovannyi- meaning modified) were fourth generation (1986–2002) Soyuz spacecraft used for ferry flights to the Mir and ISS space stations. It added to the Soyuz-T new docking and rendezvous, radio communications, emergency and integrated parachute/landing engine systems. The new Kurs rendezvous and docking system permitted the Soyuz-TM to maneuver independently of the station, without the station making "mirror image" maneuvers to match unwanted translations introduced by earlier models' aft-mounted attitude control.
Position | Launching crew | Landing crew |
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Commander | ![]() Second spaceflight | |
Flight Engineer | ![]() First spaceflight | |
Research Cosmonaut | None | ![]() First spaceflight |
16th expedition to Mir.
First Soyuz without a probe and drogue docking system since 1976. It carried an APAS-89 androgynous docking unit different from the APAS-75 unit used for ASTP in 1975, yet similar in general principles. Soyuz-TM 16 used it to dock with an androgynous docking port on the Kristall module. This was a test of the docking system in preparation for dockings by the Space Shuttles with Mir.
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