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(Top) 1 Phonology 1.1 Consonants 1.2 Vowels 2 Sources 3 References

Sumo languages

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Sumo
Sumu
Native to	Nicaragua, Honduras
Region	Huaspuc River and its tributaries
Ethnicity	Sumo people
Native speakers	(9,000 cited 1997–2009)^[1]
Language family	Misumalpan Sumalpan Sumo
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Either: `yan` – Mayangna `ulw` – Ulwa
Glottolog	`sumu1234`
ELP	Sumo

Sumo (also known as Sumu) is the collective name for a group of Misumalpan languages spoken in Nicaragua and Honduras. Hale & Salamanca (2001) classify the Sumu languages into a northern Mayangna, composed of the Tawahka and Panamahka dialects, and southern Ulwa. Sumu specialist Ken Hale considered the differences between Ulwa and Mayangna in both vocabulary and morphology to be so considerable that he prefers to speak of Ulwa as a language distinct from the northern Sumu varieties.

Phonology[edit]

Consonants[edit]

		Labial	Alveolar		Palatal	Velar	Glottal
		Labial	plain	lateral	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	voiceless	m̥	n̥			ŋ̊
Nasal	voiced	m	n			ŋ
Plosive	voiceless	p	t			k
Plosive	voiced	b	d
Fricative			s				h
Liquid	voiceless		r̥	l̥
Liquid	voiced		r	l
Semivowel		w			j

Vowels[edit]

	Front		Back
	short	long	short	long
Close	i	iː	u	uː
Open	a	aː

Sources[edit]

Hale, Ken, and Danilo Salamanca (2001) "Theoretical and Universal Implications of Certain Verbal Entries in Dictionaries of the Misumalpan Languages", in Frawley, Hill & Munro eds. Making Dictionaries: Preserving indigenous Languages of the Americas. University of California Press.
Norwood, Susan (1997). Gramática de la lengua sumu. Managua: CIDCA.

References[edit]

^ MayangnaatEthnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
UlwaatEthnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)

v t e Languages of Nicaragua
Official language	Nicaragua portal Spanish
Indigenous languages	Garifuna Miskito Rama Sumo
Creole languages	Miskito Coast Rama Cay
Sign languages	Nicaraguan Sign Language

v t e Languages of Honduras
Official language	Spanish
Indigenous languages	Ch'orti Garifuna Lenca Miskito Pech Sumo Tolupan
Other languages	Bay Islands English
Sign languages	Honduran Sign Language Bay Islands Sign Language
Honduras portal

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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sumo_languages&oldid=1133176735" Categories: ●Misumalpan languages ●Languages of Nicaragua ●North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region ●Languages of Honduras ●Indigenous languages of the Americas stubs Hidden categories: ●Pages containing links to subscription-only content ●Language articles citing Ethnologue 18 ●Articles with short description ●Short description is different from Wikidata ●Language articles with old Ethnologue 18 speaker data ●All stub articles ●This page was last edited on 12 January 2023, at 15:32 (UTC). ●Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. ●Privacy policy ●About Wikipedia ●Disclaimers ●Contact Wikipedia ●Code of Conduct ●Developers ●Statistics ●Cookie statement ●Mobile view