Contents

1794–95 United States House of Representatives elections

House elections for the 4th U.S. Congress

1794–95 United States House of Representatives elections

← 1792 & 1793 August 24, 1794 – September 5, 1795[a] 1796 & 1797 →
All 105 seats in the United States House of Representatives 53 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Leader Frederick Muhlenberg Jonathan Dayton[1][c] Party Democratic-Republican Federalist Leader's seat Pennsylvania 2nd New Jersey at-large Last election 54 seats 51 seats Seats won 59[b] 47 Seat change 5 4
Federalist hold      Federalist gain      Democratic-Republican hold      Democratic-Republican gain      Undistricted
Speaker before election Frederick Muhlenberg Pro-Administration Elected Speaker Jonathan Dayton Federalist

The 1794–95 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between August 25, 1794 (New Hampshire), and September 5, 1795 (Kentucky). Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 4th United States Congress convened on December 7, 1795. They were held during President George Washington's second term. Elections were held for all 105 seats, representing 15 states.

In the first election for the House of Representatives with organized political parties, the Democratic-Republican Party, which opposed the incumbent Washington Administration, defeated the pro-administration Federalist Party. The outgoing speaker, Frederick Muhlenberg, had supported the pro-administration forces during his first two terms, but was elected by a coalition made up mainly of anti-administration members in 1793, and by 1795 he was seen as more favorable to the Democratic-Republicans. Despite the Democratic-Republican majority, however, Muhlenberg was not re-elected, and was succeeded by Federalist Jonathan Dayton.^[2]

Election summary[edit]

During this period, each state fixed its own date for a congressional general election. Elections took place both in the even-numbered year before and in the odd-numbered year when a Congress convened. In some states, the congressional delegation was not elected until after the legal start of the Congress (on the 4th day of March in the odd-numbered year).

State	Type	Date	Total seats	Democratic- Republican (formerly Anti-Administration)		Federalist (formerly Pro-Administration)
				Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Connecticut	At-large	September 15, 1794	7	0		7
Delaware	At-large	October 5, 1794	1	1	1	0	1
Georgia	At-large	October 6, 1794	2	2		0
Maryland	Districts	October 6, 1794	8	4		4
Massachusetts	Districts	November 3, 1794[d]	14	4	1	10	1
New Hampshire	At-large	August 25, 1794[e]	4	1		3
New Jersey	At-large	December 30, 1794	5	0		5
New York	Districts	December 12, 1794	10	6	3	4	3
Pennsylvania	Districts	October 14, 1794	13	9	1	4	1
Rhode Island	At-large	August 26, 1794	2	0		2
South Carolina	Districts	October 14, 1794	6	4	1	2	1
Vermont	Districts	December 30, 1794[f]	2	1	1	1	1
North Carolina	Districts	February 13, 1795	10	9		1
Late elections (After the March 4, 1795 beginning of the next term)
Virginia	Districts	March 16, 1795	19	17	2	2	2
Kentucky	Districts	September 5, 1795	2	2		0
Total[b]			105	58 55.2%	6	47 44.8%	4

Special elections[edit]

There were special and late elections to the 3rd and 4th Congresses in 1794 and 1795.

3rd Congress[edit]

4th Congress[edit]

Connecticut[edit]

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Connecticut at-large 7 seats on a General ticket	James Hillhouse	Pro-Administration	1790	Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.	▌Y Jonathan Trumbull Jr. (Federalist) 13.1% ▌Y Uriah Tracy (Federalist) 12.5% ▌Y James Hillhouse (Federalist) 12.4% ▌Y Joshua Coit (Federalist) 10.8% ▌Y Roger Griswold (Federalist) 10.2% ▌Y Zephaniah Swift (Federalist) 9.7% ▌Y Chauncey Goodrich (Federalist) 6.7% ▌Nathaniel Smith (Federalist) 5.7% ▌James Davenport (Federalist) 5.1% ▌Samuel W. Dana (Federalist) 3.7% ▌William Edmond (Federalist) 3.4% ▌John Allen (Federalist) 2.5% ▌John Treadwell (Federalist) 2.3% ▌David Daggett (Federalist) 2.2%
	Amasa Learned	Pro-Administration	1790	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist gain.
	Joshua Coit	Pro-Administration	1792	Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.
	Jonathan Trumbull Jr.	Pro-Administration	1788	Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senator. New member elected. Federalist gain.
	Jeremiah Wadsworth	Pro-Administration	1788	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist gain.
	Zephaniah Swift	Pro-Administration	1792	Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.
	Uriah Tracy	Pro-Administration	1792	Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.

Delaware[edit]

Only two candidates are recorded for Delaware's congressional election in 1794, suggesting that the voting procedure in place for the first three Congresses for two candidates had been changed.

Georgia[edit]

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Georgia at-large 2 seats on a General ticket	Abraham Baldwin	Anti-Administration	1789	Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.	▌Y John Milledge (Democratic-Republican) 20.6% ▌Y Abraham Baldwin (Democratic-Republican) 19.3% ▌Thomas P. Carnes (Democratic-Republican) 16.0% ▌Jacob B. Waldburber 15.9% ▌James Sims 13.1% ▌Francis Willis (Democratic-Republican) 10.6% ▌Lachlan McIntosh 4.0% ▌James Adcock 0.5%
	Thomas P. Carnes	Anti-Administration	1792	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain.

Kentucky[edit]

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Kentucky 1 "Southern District"	Christopher Greenup	Anti-Administration	1792	Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.	▌Y Christopher Greenup (Democratic-Republican)[h]
Kentucky 2 "Northern District"	Alexander D. Orr	Anti-Administration	1792	Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.	▌Y Alexander D. Orr (Democratic-Republican)[h]

Maryland[edit]

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Maryland 1	George Dent	Pro-Administration	1792	Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.	▌Y George Dent (Federalist) 67.6% ▌Philip Key (Federalist) 32.4%
Maryland 2	John Francis Mercer	Anti-Administration	1791 (Special)	Incumbent resigned April 13, 1794. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. Successor also elected to finish the term.	▌Y Gabriel Duvall (Democratic-Republican) 69.5% ▌Richard A. Contee (Federalist) 30.5%
Maryland 3	Uriah Forrest	Pro-Administration	1792	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist gain.	▌Y Jeremiah Crabb (Federalist) 100%
Maryland 4	Thomas Sprigg	Anti-Administration	1792	Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.	▌Y Thomas Sprigg (Democratic-Republican) 61.4% ▌Roger Nelson (Federalist) 38.6%
Maryland 5	Samuel Smith	Anti-Administration	1792	Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.	▌Y Samuel Smith (Democratic-Republican)[h]
Maryland 6	Gabriel Christie	Anti-Administration	1792	Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.	▌Y Gabriel Christie (Democratic-Republican) 70.4% ▌Robert Wright (Federalist) 29.6%
Maryland 7	William Hindman	Pro-Administration	1792	Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.	▌Y William Hindman (Federalist) 63.8% ▌George Jackson (Democratic-Republican) 26.8% ▌William Whitely (Democratic-Republican) 9.3%
Maryland 8	William V. Murray	Pro-Administration	1790	Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.	▌Y William V. Murray (Federalist) 100%

Massachusetts[edit]

Massachusetts redistricted between the 3rd and 4th Congress, dividing itself into 14 districts. The 12th-14th districts were in the District of Maine (the modern State of Maine). A majority was required for election. Additional ballots were required in five districts due to the majority requirement not being met on the first ballot.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Massachusetts 1 ("1st western")	Theodore Sedgwick Redistricted from the 2nd district	Pro-Administration	1789	Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.	▌Y Theodore Sedgwick (Federalist) 53.8% ▌Thomson J. Skinner (Democratic-Republican) 46.2%
Massachusetts 2 ("2nd western")	William Lyman	Anti-Administration	1792	Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.	▌Y William Lyman (Democratic-Republican) 52.1% ▌William Shepard (Federalist) 47.9%
Massachusetts 3 ("3rd western")	None (district created)			New seat. New member elected. Federalist gain.	▌Y Samuel Lyman (Federalist) 65.5% ▌Daniel Bigelow (Democratic-Republican) 34.5%
Massachusetts 4 ("4th western")	Dwight Foster Redistricted from the 2nd district	Pro-Administration	1792	Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.	▌Y Dwight Foster (Federalist) 50.8% ▌Levi Lincoln Sr. (Democratic-Republican) 46.1% ▌Samuel Blackburn 3.1%
Massachusetts 5 ("1st southern")	Peleg Coffin Jr. Redistricted from the 3rd district	Pro-Administration	1792	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain.	▌Y Nathaniel Freeman Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 70.0% ▌Peleg Coffin Jr. (Federalist) 30.0%
Massachusetts 6 ("2nd southern")	None (district created)			New seat. New member elected. Federalist gain.	▌Y John Reed Sr. (Federalist) 74.5% ▌George Partridge 25.5%
Massachusetts 7 ("3rd southern")	David Cobb Redistricted from the at-large seat	Pro-Administration	1792	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain.	First ballot (November 3, 1794): ▌David Cobb (Federalist) 42.3% ▌George Leonard (Federalist) 35.8% ▌Phanuel Bishop (Democratic-Republican) 21.9% Second ballot (January 17, 1795): ▌David Cobb (Federalist) 39.9% ▌George Leonard (Federalist) 39.9% ▌Phanuel Bishop (Democratic-Republican) 20.2% Third ballot (March 23, 1795): ▌George Leonard (Federalist) 48.9% ▌David Cobb (Federalist) 17.4% ▌John Smith 13.7% ▌Phanuel Bishop (Democratic-Republican) 12.5% Scattering 7.6% Fourth ballot (June 1, 1795): ▌Y George Leonard (Federalist) 76.3% ▌Elisha May 16.5% ▌Phanuel Bishop (Democratic-Republican) 7.2%
Massachusetts 8 ("1st middle")	Fisher Ames Redistricted from the 1st district	Pro-Administration	1788	Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.	▌Y Fisher Ames (Federalist) 56.6% ▌Charles Jarvis (Democratic-Republican) 43.4%
Massachusetts 9 ("2nd middle")	Samuel Dexter Redistricted from the 1st district	Pro-Administration	1792	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. A petition by various citizens of Massachusetts contested the election. The Committee on Elections ruled in the winner's favor and added "that the attempt to deprive him of his seat was rather the act of malevolence than a desire to promote the public good." On January 25, 1797, these words were stricken out and expressions of compliment to the member were substituted, and the report was agreed to.[1]	First ballot (November 3, 1794): Samuel Dexter (Federalist) 40.5% Elbridge Gerry (Democratic-Republican) 30.9% Joseph Bradley Varnum (Democratic-Republican) 28.6% Second ballot (January 17, 1795): Joseph Bradley Varnum (Democratic-Republican) 49.4% Samuel Dexter (Federalist) 48.8% Scattering 1.8% Third ballot (March 23, 1795): ▌Y Joseph Bradley Varnum (Democratic-Republican) 51.4% ▌Samuel Dexter (Federalist) 48.6%
Massachusetts 10 ("3rd middle")	Benjamin Goodhue Redistricted from the 1st district	Pro-Administration	1789	Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.	▌Y Benjamin Goodhue (Federalist) 68.2% ▌Samuel Holten (Federalist)[i] 31.8%
	Samuel Holten Redistricted from the 1st district	Anti-Administration	1792	Incumbent lost re-election in a redistricting contest. Federalist loss.
Massachusetts 11 ("4th middle")	None (district created)			New seat. New member elected. Federalist gain.	First ballot (November 3, 1794): ▌Theophilus Bradbury (Federalist) 43.5% ▌Bailey Bartlett (Federalist) 19.8% ▌Josiah Smith (Democratic-Republican) 10.5% ▌Stephen Cross 9.1% ▌Theophilus Parsons 7.0% Scattering 10.1% Second ballot (January 17, 1795): ▌Theophilus Bradbury (Federalist) 38.1% ▌William Pearson 36.6% ▌Bailey Bartlett (Federalist) 25.3% Third ballot (March 23, 1795): ▌Y Theophilus Bradbury (Federalist) 100%
Massachusetts 12 ("1st eastern, District of Maine")	Henry Dearborn Redistricted from the 4th district	Anti-Administration	1792	Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.	▌Y Henry Dearborn (Democratic-Republican) 64.1% ▌John Bowman 35.9%
Massachusetts 13 ("2nd eastern, District of Maine")	Peleg Wadsworth Redistricted from the 4th district	Pro-Administration	1792	Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.	First ballot (November 3, 1794): ▌Peleg Wadsworth (Federalist) 44.1% ▌William Widgery (Democratic-Republican) 33.4% ▌Stephen Longfellow 10.0% ▌Samuel Thompson 5.3% Scattering 7.3% Second ballot (January 17, 1795): ▌Y Peleg Wadsworth (Federalist) 60.3% ▌William Widgery (Democratic-Republican) 39.7%
Massachusetts 14 ("3rd eastern, District of Maine")	George Thatcher Redistricted from the 4th district	Pro-Administration	1788	Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.	First ballot (November 3, 1794): ▌George Thatcher (Federalist) 45.7% ▌Nathaniel Wells 31.6% ▌Ichabod Godwin 8.8% ▌Joseph Tucker 6.4% Scattering 7.4% Second ballot (January 17, 1795): ▌Y George Thatcher (Federalist) 68.4% Scattering 31.6%

New Hampshire[edit]

Under New Hampshire's electoral laws, a majority of voters (12.5% of votes) was required for election. Only three candidates achieved a majority, and so a run-off election was held for the fourth seat.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
New Hampshire at-large (General ticket)	Jeremiah Smith	Pro-Administration	1790	Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.	First ballot August 25, 1794: ▌Y Jeremiah Smith (Federalist) 20.5% ▌Y John Samuel Sherburne (Democratic-Republican) 17.2% ▌Y Nicholas Gilman (Federalist) 13.0% ▌Abiel Foster (Federalist) 11.1% ▌Paine Wingate (Federalist) 8.1% Others 30.1% Second ballot December 8, 1794: ▌Y Abiel Foster (Federalist) 82.7% ▌Paine Wingate (Federalist) 17.3%
	John Samuel Sherburne	Anti-Administration	1792	Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.
	Nicholas Gilman	Pro-Administration	1788/89	Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.
	Paine Wingate	Pro-Administration	1792	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain.

New Jersey[edit]

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
New Jersey at-large (General ticket)	Elias Boudinot	Pro-Administration	1789	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist gain.	▌Y Jonathan Dayton (Federalist) 13.6% ▌Y Aaron Kitchell (Federalist) 11.0% ▌Y Thomas Henderson (Federalist) 9.3% ▌Y Isaac Smith (Federalist) 7.9% ▌Y Mark Thomson (Federalist) 7.9% ▌Thomas Sinnickson (Federalist) 7.5% ▌Joseph Bloomfield 6.6% ▌John Beatty (Federalist) 6.4% ▌James Linn 6.3% ▌Ebenezer Elmer 5.8% ▌James Schureman (Federalist) 4.1% ▌Lambert Cadwalader (Federalist) 4.0% ▌Richard Smith 3.0% ▌Charles Stewart 2.3% ▌Jonathan Elmer (Federalist) 2.1% ▌John Harring 1.4% ▌Robert Ogden 0.7% ▌James F. Armstrong 0.2%
New Jersey at-large (General ticket)	Vacant			Abraham Clark (Pro-Administration) died September 15, 1794. New member elected. Federalist gain.
New Jersey at-large (General ticket)	Jonathan Dayton	Pro-Administration	1791	Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.
New Jersey at-large (General ticket)	Lambert Cadwalader	Pro-Administration	1789 1792	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain.
New Jersey at-large (General ticket)	John Beatty	Pro-Administration	1792	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain.

New York[edit]

New York's districts were not numbered at the time, but were later numbered retroactively.

North Carolina[edit]

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
North Carolina 1	Joseph McDowell	Anti-Administration	1793	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain.	▌Y James Holland (Democratic-Republican)[h] ▌Joseph McDowell (Democratic-Republican)
North Carolina 2	Matthew Locke	Anti-Administration	1793	Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.	▌Y Matthew Locke (Democratic-Republican)[h]
North Carolina 3	Joseph Winston	Anti-Administration	1793	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain.	▌Y Jesse Franklin (Democratic-Republican)[h] ▌Joseph Winston (Democratic-Republican)
North Carolina 4	Alexander Mebane	Anti-Administration	1793	Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.	▌Y Alexander Mebane (Democratic-Republican) 75.8% ▌Samuel Benton (Federalist) 19.5% ▌Stephen Moore (Federalist) 4.7%
North Carolina 5	Nathaniel Macon	Anti-Administration	1791	Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.	▌Y Nathaniel Macon (Democratic-Republican)[h]
North Carolina 6	James Gillespie	Anti-Administration	1793	Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.	▌Y James Gillespie (Democratic-Republican)[h] ▌William H. Hill (Federalist)
North Carolina 7	William B. Grove	Pro-Administration	1791	Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.	▌Y William B. Grove (Federalist)[h]
North Carolina 8	William J. Dawson	Anti-Administration	1793	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain.	▌Y Dempsey Burges (Democratic-Republican)[h] ▌John Baker (Democratic-Republican) ▌Clement Hale (Democratic-Republican) ▌David Stone (Federalist) ▌William J. Dawson (Democratic-Republican) ▌Charles Johnson (Federalist)
North Carolina 9	Thomas Blount	Anti-Administration	1793	Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.	▌Y Thomas Blount (Democratic-Republican)[h] ▌John Benford (Federalist) ▌Willis Alston (Federalist)
North Carolina 10	Benjamin Williams	Anti-Administration	1793	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain.	▌Y Nathan Bryan (Democratic-Republican) 61.0% ▌Benjamin Williams (Federalist)[i] 29.6% ▌David Witherspoon (Federalist) 9.4%

Pennsylvania[edit]

Pennsylvania once again divided itself into districts instead of electing representatives at-large, as it had for the 3rd Congress. The state divided intself into 12 districts, one of which (the 4th) had two seats. Pennsylvania would continue to use one or more plural districts until 1842.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Pennsylvania 1	Thomas Fitzsimons Redistricted from the at-large district	Pro-Administration	1788	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain.	▌Y John Swanwick (Democratic-Republican) 51.2% ▌Thomas Fitzsimons (Federalist) 48.8%
Pennsylvania 2	Frederick Muhlenberg Redistricted from at-large district	Anti-Administration	1788	Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.	▌Y Frederick Muhlenberg (Democratic-Republican) 56.3% ▌Samuel Miles (Federalist) 43.7%
Pennsylvania 3	None (district created)			New seat. New member elected. Federalist gain.	▌Y Richard Thomas (Federalist) 68.2% ▌Thomas Ross (Democratic-Republican) 31.8%
Pennsylvania 4 Plural district with 2 seats	None (district created)			New seat. New member elected. Federalist gain.	▌Y Samuel Sitgreaves (Federalist) 36.2% ▌Y John Richards (Democratic-Republican) 20.0% ▌James Morris (Democratic-Republican) 20.2% ▌Robert Lollar (Democratic-Republican) 13.1% ▌Peter Muhlenberg (Democratic-Republican) 8.1% ▌James Barclay 2.4%
	Peter Muhlenberg Redistricted from the at-large district	Anti-Administration	1788 1792	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. James Morris disputed the election. The original returns showed Morris in 2nd place and Richards in a close 3rd place, but Richards disputed it. Morris died July 10, 1795, before the House could act. The Elections Committee ruled in favor of Richards on January 18, 1796.
Pennsylvania 5	Daniel Hiester Redistricted from at-large district	Anti-Administration	1788	Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.	▌Y Daniel Hiester (Democratic-Republican) Unopposed
Pennsylvania 6	None (district created)			New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain.	▌Y Samuel Maclay (Democratic-Republican) 46.0% ▌John A. Hanna (Democratic-Republican) 43.3% ▌John Carson (Federalist) 10.7%
Pennsylvania 7	John W. Kittera Redistricted from at-large district	Pro-Administration	1791	Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.	▌Y John W. Kittera (Federalist) Unopposed
Pennsylvania 8	Thomas Hartley Redistricted from at-large district	Pro-Administration	1788	Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.	▌Y Thomas Hartley (Federalist) Unopposed
Pennsylvania 9	Andrew Gregg Redistricted from at-large district	Anti-Administration	1791	Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.	▌Y Andrew Gregg (Democratic-Republican)[h] ▌James Wallace (Federalist) ▌William Irvine (Democratic-Republican)
	William Irvine Redistricted from the at-large district	Anti-Administration	1792	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain.
Pennsylvania 10	None (district created)			New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain.	▌Y David Bard (Democratic-Republican) 52.9% ▌James McLane (Democratic-Republican) 31.9% ▌James Chambers (Federalist) 15.2%
Pennsylvania 11	William Findley Redistricted from at-large district	Anti-Administration	1791	Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.	▌Y William Findley (Democratic-Republican) Unopposed
Pennsylvania 12	Thomas Scott Redistricted from at-large district	Pro-Administration	1788 1792	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain.	▌Y Albert Gallatin (Democratic-Republican) 33.1% ▌Thomas Scott (Federalist) 27.7% ▌Daniel Hamilton (Democratic-Republican) 16.2% ▌Isaac Tichenor (Federalist) 11.0% ▌Hugh H. Brackenridge (DR?) 6.0% ▌John Woods (Federalist) 5.9%

Rhode Island[edit]

South Carolina[edit]

Electoral data are only available for the 1st and 5th district of South Carolina's 6 districts at the time of the elections of 1794.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
South Carolina 1	William L. Smith	Pro-Administration	1788	Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.	▌Y William L. Smith (Federalist) 51.7% ▌John Rutledge, Jr. (Federalist) 37.3% ▌Thomas Tucker 11.0%
South Carolina 2	New seat			New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. Successor declined to serve and a special election was held to fill the resulting vacancy, electing Wade Hampton (Democratic-Republican).	▌Y Robert Barnwell[h]
South Carolina 3	Lemuel Benton	Anti-Administration	1793	Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.	▌Y Lemuel Benton (Democratic-Republican)[h]
South Carolina 4	Richard Winn	Anti-Administration	1793	Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.	▌Y Richard Winn (Democratic-Republican)[h]
South Carolina 5	Alexander Gillon	Anti-Administration	1793	Incumbent died October 6, 1794. New member elected. Federalist gain. Successor also elected to finish the term, see above.	▌Y Robert Goodloe Harper (Federalist) 58.3% ▌John Hunter (Democratic-Republican) 41.7%
	John Hunter (Moved from the 2nd district)	Anti-Administration	1793	Incumbent lost re-election. Anti-Administration loss.
South Carolina 6	Andrew Pickens	Anti-Administration	1793	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Democratic-Republican gain.	▌Y Samuel Earle (Democratic-Republican)[h]

Representative-elect Barnwell of the 2nd district declined to serve. A special election was held to fill the resulting vacancy, electing Wade Hampton (Democratic-Republican).

Southwest Territory[edit]

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Vermont[edit]

Vermont law required a majority for election to Congress, with a second election to be held if the first did not return a majority. Run-off elections were required in both districts.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Vermont 1 "Western District"	Israel Smith	Anti-Administration	1791	Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. The election was contested but eventually upheld.[1]	First ballot (December 30, 1794): ▌Matthew Lyon (Democratic-Republican) 41.7% ▌Israel Smith (Democratic-Republican) 32.9% ▌Isaac Tichenor (Federalist) 9.9% ▌Gideon Olin (Democratic-Republican) 8.7% Others 6.8% Second ballot (February 10, 1795): ▌Y Israel Smith (Democratic-Republican) 48.5% ▌Matthew Lyon (Democratic-Republican) 48.0% Others 3.5%
Vermont 2 "Eastern District"	Nathaniel Niles	Anti-Administration	1791	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain.	First ballot (December 30, 1794): ▌Nathaniel Niles (Democratic-Republican) 31.6% ▌Daniel Buck (Federalist) 21.2% ▌Jonathan Hunt 11.0% ▌Stephen Jacob 10.9% ▌Lewis R. Morris (Federalist) 8.3% ▌Cornelius Lynde 4.7% Paul Brigham 3.3% ▌Lot Hall 2.7% ▌Elijah Robinson 1.3% Others 4.8% Second ballot (February 10, 1795): ▌Y Daniel Buck (Federalist) 55.6% ▌Nathaniel Niles (Democratic-Republican) 39.1% ▌Jonathan Hunt 2.3% ▌Stephen Jacob 1.8% Others 1.2%

Virginia[edit]

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Virginia 1	Robert Rutherford	Anti-Administration	1793	Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.	▌Y Robert Rutherford (Democratic-Republican)[h] ▌Daniel Morgan (Federalist)
Virginia 2	Andrew Moore	Anti-Administration	1789	Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.	▌Y Andrew Moore (Democratic-Republican)[h]
Virginia 3	Joseph Neville	Anti-Administration	1793	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain.	▌Y George Jackson (Democratic-Republican)[h] ▌Joseph Neville (Democratic-Republican) ▌Thomas Wilson ▌John Skidmore
Virginia 4	Francis Preston	Anti-Administration	1793	Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.	▌Y Francis Preston (Democratic-Republican)[h] ▌Arthur Campbell
Virginia 5	George Hancock	Pro-Administration	1793	Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.	▌Y George Hancock (Federalist)[h]
Virginia 6	Isaac Coles	Anti-Administration	1793	Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.	▌Y Isaac Coles (Democratic-Republican)[h] ▌Simon Crae MacMahon ▌Matthew Clay (Democratic-Republican)
Virginia 7	Abraham B. Venable	Anti-Administration	1790	Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.	▌Y Abraham B. Venable (Democratic-Republican) 61.0% ▌Thomas Woodson 19.8% ▌Joseph Wyatt 18.9% ▌Peter Johnson 0.2% ▌William Wilson 0.1%
Virginia 8	Thomas Claiborne	Anti-Administration	1793	Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.	▌Y Thomas Claiborne (Democratic-Republican)[h] ▌Jesse Brown ▌Samuel Hopkins ▌Samuel Goode (Democratic-Republican) ▌Sterling Edmunds
Virginia 9	William B. Giles	Anti-Administration	1790	Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.	▌Y William B. Giles (Democratic-Republican)[h]
Virginia 10	Carter B. Harrison	Anti-Administration	1793	Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.	▌Y Carter B. Harrison (Democratic-Republican)[h]
Virginia 11	Josiah Parker	Pro-Administration	1789	Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.	▌Y Josiah Parker (Federalist)[h] ▌Robert Cowper
Virginia 12	John Page	Anti-Administration	1789	Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.	▌Y John Page (Democratic-Republican)[h]
Virginia 13	Samuel Griffin	Pro-Administration	1789	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. The loser unsuccessfully contested the election[1]	▌Y John Clopton (Democratic-Republican)[h] ▌Burwell Bassett (Democratic-Republican) ▌Miles Selden ▌Meriwether Jones
Virginia 14	Francis Walker	Anti-Administration	1793	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain.	▌Y Samuel J. Cabell (Democratic-Republican)[h]
Virginia 15	James Madison Jr.	Anti-Administration	1789	Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.	▌Y James Madison Jr. (Democratic-Republican)[h]
Virginia 16	Anthony New	Anti-Administration	1793	Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.	▌Y Anthony New (Democratic-Republican)[h]
Virginia 17	Richard Bland Lee	Pro-Administration	1789	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain.	▌Y Richard Brent (Democratic-Republican)[h] ▌Richard Bland Lee (Federalist)
Virginia 18	John Nicholas	Anti-Administration	1793	Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.	▌Y John Nicholas (Democratic-Republican)[h]
Virginia 19	John Heath	Anti-Administration	1793	Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.	▌Y John Heath (Democratic-Republican)[h]

Non-voting delegates[edit]

3rd Congress[edit]

4th Congress[edit]

See also[edit]

• 1794 United States elections
  • List of United States House of Representatives elections (1789–1822)
  • 1794–95 United States Senate elections
• 3rd United States Congress
• 4th United States Congress

Notes[edit]

References[edit]

Bibliography[edit]

• "A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787-1825". Tufts Digital Library, Tufts University. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
• Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
• "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

External links[edit]

• Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)