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1916: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 19:59, 15 May 2024

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1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1916th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 916th year of the 2nd millennium, the 16th year of the 20th century, and the 7th year of the 1910s decade. As of the start of 1916, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events

Below, the events of the First World War have the "WWI" prefix.

January

• January 1 – The British Royal Army Medical Corps carries out the first successful blood transfusion, using blood that has been stored and cooled.
• January 9 – WWI: Gallipoli Campaign – The last British troops are evacuated from Gallipoli, as the Ottoman Empire prevails over a joint British and French operation to capture Constantinople.
• January 10 – WWI: Erzurum Offensive – Russia defeats the Ottoman Empire.
• January 12 – The Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony, part of the British Empire, is established in modern-day Tuvalu and Kiribati.^[1]
• January 13 – WWI: Battle of Wadi – Ottoman Empire forces defeat the British, during the Mesopotamian campaign in modern-day Iraq.
• January 29 – WWI: Paris is bombed by German zeppelins.
• January 31 – WWI: An attack is planned on Verdun, France.

February

• February 9 (6.00 p.m.) – Tristan Tzara "founds" the art movement Dadaism (according to Hans Arp).
• February 11
  • Emma Goldman is arrested for lecturing on birth control in the United States.
  • The Baltimore Symphony Orchestra presents its first concert in the United States.
  • The Romanian Association football club Sportul Studențesc is founded in Bucharest.
• February 12 – WWI: Battle of Salaita Hill (East African Campaign) – South African and other British Empire troops fail to take a German East African defensive position.
• February 21 – WWI: The Battle of Verdun begins in France.

March

• March 8–9 – Mexican Revolution: Pancho Villa leads about 500 Mexican raiders in an attack against Columbus, New Mexico, killing 12 U.S. soldiers. A garrison of the U.S. 13th Cavalry Regiment fights back and drives them away.
• March 10 – The McMahon–Hussein Correspondence concludes with an understanding that the United Kingdom would recognise Arab independence in return for Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca, launching the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire.
• March 15 – United States President Woodrow Wilson sends 12,000 United States troops over the U.S.–Mexico border to pursue Pancho Villa; the 13th Cavalry regiment enters Mexican territory.
• March 16 – Mexican Revolution: The U.S. 7th and 10th Cavalry regiments under John J. Pershing cross the border, to join the hunt for Villa.
• March 22 – The temporary Emperor of China, Yuan Shikai, abdicates the throne, and the Republic of China is restored once again.
• March 24 – French ferry SS SussexistorpedoedbySM UB-29 in the English Channel, with at least 50 killed (including the composer Enrique Granados), resulting on May 4 in the Sussex Pledge by Germany to the United States.^[2]

April

• April
  • The toggle light switch is invented, by William J. Newton and Morris Goldberg.
  • Korea Tungsten is founded in Daegu, predecessor of leading steel producer in Asia, POSCO (Pohang Steel Company).^{[citation needed]}
• April 11 – WWI: The Egyptian Expeditionary Force begins the occupation of the Sinai Peninsula.
• April 22 – The Chinese troop transport SS Hsin-Yu capsizes off the Chinese coast; at least 1,000 are killed.
• April 24–30 – The Easter Rising occurs in Ireland. Members of the Irish Republican Brotherhood proclaim an Irish Republic, and the Irish Volunteers and Irish Citizen Army occupy the General Post Office and other buildings in Dublin, before surrendering to the British Army.
• April 24–May 10 – Voyage of the James Caird: An open boat journey from Elephant Island in the South Shetland IslandstoSouth Georgia in the southern Atlantic Ocean (800 nautical miles (1,500 km; 920 mi)) is undertaken by Sir Ernest Shackleton and five companions, to obtain rescue for the main body of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, following the loss of its ship Endurance.
• April 27 – WWI: Gas attack at Hulluch in France: The 47th Brigade, 16th (Irish) Division is decimated, in one of the most heavily concentrated German gas attacks of the war.
• April 29 – WWI: Mesopotamian campaign – The Siege of Kut ends with the surrender of British Indian Army forces to the Ottoman EmpireatKut-al-Amara on the TigrisinBasra Vilayet.

May

• May 16
  • United States Marines invade the Dominican Republic.
  • Britain and France conclude the secret Sykes–Picot Agreement, which is to divide Arab areas of the Ottoman Empire, following the conclusion of WWI and the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire, into French and British spheres of influence.
• May 31–June 1 – WWI: Battle of Jutland, between the British Royal Navy's Grand Fleet and the Imperial German Navy's High Seas Fleet^[3] in the North Sea, the war's only large-scale clash of battleships. The result is tactically inconclusive, but British dominance of the North Sea is maintained.

June

• June 4 – WWI: The Brusilov Offensive, the height of Russian operations in the war, begins with their breaking through Austro-Hungarian lines.
• June 5 – WWI: HMS Hampshire sinks, having hit a mine off the Orkney Islands, Scotland, with Lord Kitchener aboard.
• June 10 – The Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire, to create a single unified Arab state spanning from AleppotoAden, is formally declared by Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca.
• June 15 – U.S. President Woodrow Wilson signs a bill incorporating the Boy Scouts of America.^[4]
• June 24 – Mary Pickford becomes the first movie star to sign a million-dollar contract, making her one of the highest-paid people in the world.

July

• July 1–November 18 – WWI: Battle of the Somme, opening with explosion of the British Y Sap and Lochnagar mines and the Battle of Albert: More than one million soldiers die, with 57,470 British Empire casualties on the first day, 19,240 of them killed, the British Army's bloodiest day.^[5] The immediate result is tactically inconclusive.
• July 1–12 – Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916: At least one shark attacks 5 swimmers along 80 miles (130 km) of New Jersey coastline, resulting in 4 deaths and the survival of one youth, who requires limb amputation. This event is the inspiration for author Peter Benchley, over half a century later, to write Jaws.
• July 2 – WWI: Battle of Erzincan – Russian forces defeat troops of the Ottoman EmpireinArmenia.
• July 6 – WWI: The Battle of Kostiuchnówka concludes in Galicia (modern-day Ukraine) with Russian Imperial troops breaking through the line, forcing the Polish Legions and supporting Hungarian troops to retreat, with the Poles enduring 2,000 casualties.^[6]
• July 15 – In Seattle, William Boeing incorporates Pacific Aero Products (later renamed Boeing).
• July 15–19 – WWI: Battle of Delville Wood – 766 men from the South African Brigade are killed, in South Africa's biggest loss during the First World War.
• July 19–20 – WWI: Battle of Fromelles – An attack by Australian and British troops is repulsed by the German army, with heavy casualties.
• July 22 – Preparedness Day Bombing: In San Francisco, a bomb explodes on Market Street during a Preparedness Day parade, killing 10 and injuring 40; Warren Billings and Tom Mooney are later wrongly convicted of it.
• July 26 – WWI: East African Campaign – The German armed ship SMS Graf von Goetzen scuttles herself on Lake Tanganyika.
• July 29 – Matheson Fire: In Ontario, Canada, a lightning strike ignites a forest fire that destroys the towns of Cochrane and Matheson, killing 233.
• July 30 – German agents cause the Black Tom explosioninJersey City, New Jersey, an act of sabotage destroying an ammunition depot and killing at least 7 people.

August

• August – Robert Baden-Powell publishes The Wolf Cub's Handbook in the U.K., establishing the basis of the junior section of the Scouting movement, the Wolf Cubs (modern-day Cub Scouts).
• August 3–5 – WWI: Sinai and Palestine Campaign – Battle of Romani: British Imperial troops secure victory over a joint Ottoman-German force.
• August 7 – WWI:
  • Portugal joins the Allies.
  • French and British forces make an unopposed entry into German-controlled Togoland; on December 27 the country is partitioned between the two allies.
• August 9 – Lassen Volcanic National Park is established in California.
• August 15 – Club Atlas is founded as an association football club in Guadalajara, Mexico, by English-educated players.
• August 16 – The Migratory Bird Treaty between Canada and the United States is signed.
• August 17 (August 4 O.S.) – WWI: The Treaty of Bucharest is signed secretly between Romania and the Entente Powers, stipulating the conditions under which Romania agrees to join the war on their side, particularly territorial promises in Austria-Hungary.
• August 21 – WWI: Peru declares neutrality.
• August 25 – U.S. President Woodrow Wilson signs legislation, creating the National Park Service.
• August 27 – WWI: The Kingdom of Romania declares war on the Central Powers, entering the war on the side of the Allies.
• August 28 – WWI:
  • Germany declares war on Romania.
  • Italy declares war on Germany.
• August 29 – The United States passes the Philippine Autonomy Act.
• August 30 – The crew of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition's Endurance is rescued from Elephant Island.

September

• September 1 – Bulgaria declares war on Romania, going on to take Dobruja.
• September 2 – WWI: British pilot Leefe Robinson becomes the first to shoot down a German airship over Britain.
• September 4 – WWI: East African Campaign – Dar es Salaam surrenders to British Empire forces, securing them control of the Central Line of railway through German East Africa.
• September 5 – D. W. Griffith's film Intolerance: Love's Struggle Through the Ages is released in the United States.
• September 6 – The first true self-service grocery store, Piggly Wiggly, is founded in Memphis, Tennessee, by Clarence Saunders, opening 5 days later.^[7]
• September 11 – A mechanical failure causes the central span of the Quebec Bridge, a cantilever-type structure, to crash into the Saint Lawrence River for the second time, killing 13 workers.
• September 13 – Mary, a circus elephant, is hanged in the town of Erwin, Tennessee for killing her handler, Walter "Red" Eldridge.
• September 15–22 – WWI: Battle of Flers–Courcelette, France – The battle is significant for the first use of the tank in warfare; also for the debut of the Canadian and New Zealand Divisions in the Battle of the Somme.
• September 19 – WWI: East African Campaign – Belgian troops occupy TaborainGerman East Africa.
• September 27 – Iyasu V of Ethiopia is deposed in a palace coup, in favour of his aunt Zewditu.
• September 29 – John D. Rockefeller becomes the first person ever to reach a nominal personal fortune of US$1 billion

October

• October 7 – The Georgia Tech vs. Cumberland College American football game ends in a score of 222-0.
• October 12 – Hipólito Yrigoyen is elected President of Argentina.
• October 14 – Perm State University is founded in Russia.
• October 16 – Margaret Sanger opens the first U.S. birth control clinic, a forerunner of Planned Parenthood.
• October 20 – Black Friday (1916): A violent and deadly storm hits Lake Erie in the United States.
• October 21 – Friedrich Adler shoots Count Karl von Stürgkh, Minister-President of Austria.
• October 27 – Battle of Segale: Negus Mikael of Wollo, marching on the Ethiopian capital in support of his son Emperor Iyasu V, is defeated by Fitawrari Habte Giyorgis, securing the throne for Empress Zewditu.
• October 28 – 1916 Pioneer Exhibition Game: game of Australian rules football contested at Queen's Club, West Kensington, London, by two teams of elite footballers selected from men serving in the First AIF at the time.

November

• November 1
  • Pavel Milyukov delivers his "stupidity or treason" speech in the Russian State Duma, precipitating the downfall of the Boris Stürmer government.
  • The first 40-hour work week officially begins, in the Endicott-Johnson factories of Western New York.
• November 5
  • The Kingdom of Poland (1916–18) is proclaimed by a joint act of the emperors of Germany and Austria.
  • Everett massacre: An armed confrontation in Everett, Washington, between local authorities and members of the Industrial Workers of the World results in seven deaths.
  • Honan Chapel, Cork, Ireland, a product of the Irish Arts and Crafts movement (1894–1925), is dedicated.
• November 7
  • 1916 United States presidential election: Democratic President Woodrow Wilson narrowly defeats Republican Charles Evans Hughes, when California is called a week after Election Day.
  • Republican Jeannette RankinofMontana becomes the first woman elected to the United States House of Representatives.
  • Radio station 2XG, located in the Highbridge section of New York City, makes the first audio broadcast of presidential election returns.
• November 13 – Prime Minister of Australia Billy Hughes is expelled from the Labor Party over his support for conscription.
• November 18 – WWI – Battle of the Somme: In France, British Expeditionary Force commander Douglas Haig calls off the battle, which started on July 1.
• November 21
  • Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria dies of pneumonia at the Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna, aged 86, after a reign of 68 years and is succeeded by his grandnephew Charles I.
  • WWI: Hospital ship HMHS Britannic, designed as the third Olympic-class ocean liner for White Star Line, sinks in the Kea Channel of the Aegean Sea after hitting a mine; 30 lives are lost. At 48,158 gross register tons, she is the largest ship lost during the war.
• November 23 – WWI: Eastern Front – Bucharest, the capital of Romania, is occupied by troops of the Central Powers.

December

• December 12 – "White Friday": In the Dolomites, 100 avalanches bury 18,000 Austrian and Italian soldiers.
• December 16 – Robert Baden-Powell gives the first public display of the new Wolf Cub section of ScoutingatCaxton Hall, Westminster.
• December 18 – WWI: The Battle of Verdun ends in France with German troops defeated.
• December 21 – WWI: El Arish occupied by the British Empire Desert Column during advance across the Sinai Peninsula.
• December 22 – The British Sopwith Camel aircraft makes its maiden flight. It is designed to counter the German Fokker aircraft.
• December 23 – WWI: The Desert Column captures the Ottoman garrison during the Battle of Magdhaba.
• December 30
  • Emperor Charles IV of Hungary and his wife Zita of Bourbon-Parma are crowned emperor and empress of Austria-Hungary.
  • Humberto Gómez and his mercenaries seize AraucainColombia and declare the Republic of Arauca. He proceeds to pillage the region before fleeing to Venezuela.
  • (December 17 Old Style) – The mystic Grigori Rasputin is murdered in Saint Petersburg.
• December 31 – The Hampton Terrace HotelinNorth Augusta, South Carolina, one of the largest and most luxurious hotels in the United States at the time, burns to the ground.

Date unknown

• The 1916 Summer Olympics are cancelled in Berlin, Germany.
• Food is rationed in Germany.
• Ferdinand de Saussure's Cours de linguistique générale is collected posthumously and published.
• Oxycodone, a narcotic painkiller closely related to codeine, is first synthesized in Germany.
• Ernst Rüdin publishes his initial results on the geneticsofschizophrenia.
• Louis Enricht claims he has a substitute for gasoline.
• Rodeo's first side-delivery bucking chute is designed and made by the Bascom brothers (Raymond, Mel, and Earl) and their father, John W. Bascom, at Welling, Alberta, Canada.
• Gustav Holst composes The Planets, Opus 32.
• Bray Studios begins the Farmer Al Falfa series, the first of the Terrytoons.
• The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers is founded in the United States as the Society of Motion Picture Engineers.
• Ishikawajima Automobile Manufacturing, predecessor of Isuzu, a truck brand in Japan, is founded.^{[page needed]}

Sport

• March 30 – National Hockey Association's Montreal Canadiens win their First Stanley Cup by defeating the Pacific Coast Hockey Association's Portland Rosebuds 3 games to 2. All Games were played at Montreal's Montreal Arena.
• Due to the outbreak of World War I, the 1916 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany, is cancelled.

In fiction

• In the 1941 film Citizen Kane, Charles Foster Kane runs for New York governor and loses. Also in 1916, Emily Monroe Norton divorces him and, in either this year or in 1917, he marries Susan Alexander.

Births

January

• January 1
  • Giuseppe Aquari, Italian film cinematographer (d. 1982)
  • Italo Viglianesi, Italian trade unionist politician and syndicalist (d. 1995)
• January 2 – Joseph W. Schmitt, American aircraft mechanic and spacesuit technician (d. 2017)
• January 3
  • Maxene Andrews, American singer (The Andrews Sisters) (d. 1995)
  • Betty Furness, American actress and consumer activist (d. 1994)
  • Bernard Greenhouse, American cellist (d. 2011)
  • Erik Ågren, Swedish boxer (d. 1985)
  • Warren King, American cartoonist (d. 1978)
• January 4
  • Princess Niloufer (d. 1989)
  • Sidney Siegel, American psychologist (d. 1961)
• January 5
  • Alfred Ryder, American film, radio and television actor (d. 1995)
  • Wilhelm Szewczyk, Polish writer, poet, literary critic and translator (d. 1991)
• January 7
  • Elena Ceaușescu, Romanian politician, First Lady of Romania and Deputy Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1989)
  • Paul Keres, Estonian chess player (d. 1975)
• January 9 – Peter Twinn, English mathematician and WWII code-breaker (d. 2004)
• January 10
  • Sune Bergström, Swedish biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2004)
  • Bernard Binlin Dadié, Ivorian novelist, playwright, poet, and Minister of Culture (d. 2019)
  • Richard Münch, German actor (d. 1987)
• January 12
  • Ruth R. Benerito, American chemist (d. 2013)
  • P. W. Botha, 9th President of South Africa (d. 2006)
  • Mary Wilson, Lady Wilson of Rievaulx, English poet (d. 2018)
• January 15 – Hugh Gibb, English drummer and bandleader (d. 1992)
• January 17
  • Peter Frelinghuysen Jr., American politician (d. 2011)
  • Tatyana Karpova, Soviet and Russian actress (d. 2018)
• January 18 – Silviu Brucan, Romanian author and politician (d. 2006)
• January 19 – Harry Huskey, American computer designer (d. 2017)
• January 22 – Henri Dutilleux, French composer (d. 2013)
• January 23 – David Douglas Duncan, American photojournalist (d. 2018)
• January 24
  • Rafael Caldera, 39th President of Venezuela (d. 2009)
  • Marvin Creamer, American sailor (d. 2020)
  • Arnoldo Foà, Italian actor (d. 2014)
  • Daphne Lorraine Gum, Australian educator (d. 2017)
• January 27 – Stjepan Filipović, a People's Hero of Yugoslavia (d. 1942)
• January 28 – Dottie Hunter, Canadian baseball player (d. 2005)
• January 31 – Sangoulé Lamizana, 2nd President and Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (d. 2005)

February

• February 10 – Louis Guttman, American-born Israeli university professor (d. 1987)
• February 11 – Ivan Hristov Bashev, Bulgarian Foreign Minister (d. 1971)
• February 12 – Damián Iguacén Borau, Spanish Roman Catholic prelate (d. 2020)
• February 13 – John Reed, British actor and opera singer (d. 2010)
• February 14
  • Marcel Bigeard, French military officer (d. 2010)
  • Sally Gray, English actress (d. 2006)
  • Denham Harman, American gerontologist (d. 2014)
  • Edward Platt, American actor (d. 1974)
  • Charles Wycliffe Joiner, American judge (d. 2017)
  • Masaki Kobayashi, Japanese film director (d. 1996)
• February 15
  • Ernest Millington, English politician (d. 2009)
  • Mary Jane Croft, American actress (d. 1999)
  • Dingiri Banda Wijetunga, 4th President and 9th Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (d. 2008)
• February 16 – Karel Dufek, Czechoslovak diplomat (d. 2009)
• February 18 – Maria Altmann, Austrian Holocaust survivor and heiress (d. 2011)
• February 20 – Jean Erdman, American dancer (d. 2020)
• February 23 – Retta Scott, first woman to receive screen credit as an animator at the Walt Disney Animation Studios (d. 1990)
• February 26
  • Jackie Gleason, American comedian, actor and musician (d. 1987)
  • Preacher Roe, American baseball player (d. 2008)
• February 28
  • Svend Asmussen, Danish jazz violinist (d. 2017)
  • Cesar Climaco, Filipino politician, Mayor of Zamboanga (d. 1984)
  • Frank Crean, Australian politician (d. 2008)

March

• March 1 – Emelyn Whiton, American Olympic sailor (d. 1962)
• March 2 – George E. Bria, Italian-American journalist (d. 2017)
• March 3 – Paul Halmos, Hungarian-born mathematician (d. 2006)
• March 4
  • William Alland, American actor, producer, writer and director (d. 1997)
  • Giorgio Bassani, Italian writer (d. 2000)
  • Hans Eysenck, German-born psychologist (d. 1997)
• March 5 – Jack Hamm, American cartoonist (d. 1996)
• March 6 – Rochelle Hudson, American actress (d. 1972)
• March 7 – Marie-Thérèse Bourquin, Belgian lawyer (d. 2018)
• March 10 – Ethel Bush, British police officer (d. 2016)
• March 11 – Harold Wilson, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1995)
• March 13
  • Lindy Boggs, American politician (d. 2013)
  • Jacque Fresco, American futurist and designer (d. 2017)
  • John Aspinwall Roosevelt, American businessman and philanthropist (d. 1981)
  • Robert O. Peterson, American businessman and philanthropist (d. 1994)
• March 14 – Horton Foote, American writer (d. 2009)
• March 15
  • Frank Coghlan Jr., American actor (d. 2009)
  • Harry James, American musician and band leader (d. 1983)
• March 16
  • Mercedes McCambridge, American actress (d. 2004)^[8]
  • Tsutomu Yamaguchi, Japanese survivor of Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombings (d. 2010)
• March 17
  • Lyle Smith, American football coach (d. 2017)
  • Volodia Teitelboim, Chilean author and politician (d. 2008)
• March 19 – Irving Wallace, American novelist (d. 1990)
• March 20 – Pierre Messmer, French politician (d. 2007)
• March 24
  • Donald Hamilton, Swedish writer (d. 2006)
  • Anna Maria Bottini, Italian actress (d. 2020)
• March 26
  • Christian B. Anfinsen, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1995)
  • Dai Zijin, Chinese aviator (d. 2017)
  • Harry Rabinowitz, British film composer and conductor (d. 2016)
• March 29
  • Sam Beazley, British actor (d. 2017)
  • Peter Geach, British philosopher (d. 2013)
  • Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem, 6th President of Bangladesh (d. 1997)
  • Eugene McCarthy, U.S. Senator from Minnesota and Presidential candidate (d. 2005)
• March 31 – Lucille Bliss, American voice actor (d. 2012)

April

• April 1
  • John Holter, American toolmaker and inventor (d. 2003)
  • Balilla Lombardi, Italian football player (d. 1987)
• April 2 – Menachem Porush, member of Israeli Knesset for Agudat Yisrael (d. 2010)
• April 3
  • Herb Caen, American journalist (d. 1997)
  • Peter Gowland, American photographer (d. 2010)
  • Louiguy, Spanish-French musician of Italian extraction (d. 1991)
• April 4
  • David White, American actor (d. 1990)
  • Nikola Ljubičić, 10th President of Serbia (d. 2005)
  • Mubarak Zarouk, Sudanese politician and minister (d. 1965)
• April 5
  • Albert Henry Ottenweller, American bishop (d. 2012)
  • Gregory Peck, American actor (d. 2003)
  • Carmen Silva, Brazilian actress (d. 2008)
  • Jean Trescases, French soldier (d. 1951)
• April 10 – Lee Jung-seob, Korean oil painter (d. 1956)
• April 11
  • Alberto Ginastera, Argentine composer (d. 1983)
  • Armando León Bejarano, Mexican politician (d. 2016)
• April 12
  • Beverly Cleary, American children's book author (d. 2021)
  • Benjamin Libet, American pioneering scientist in the field of human consciousness (d. 2007)
  • Movita Castaneda, American actress (d. 2015)
• April 14 – Pehr Victor Edman, Swedish chemist (d.1977)
• April 15
  • Alfred S. Bloomingdale, American department store heir (d. 1982)
  • Helene Hanff, American writer and critic (d. 1997)
  • Mikiel Fsadni, Maltese friar and historian (d. 2013)^[9]
• April 16 – Hon Sui Sen, Malaysian-Singaporean politician (d. 1983)
• April 17
  • Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Sri Lankan politician (d. 2000)
  • A. Thiagarajah, Sri Lankan Tamil teacher and politician (d. 1981)
  • Win Maung, 3rd President of Myanmar (d. 1989)
• April 18
  • Carl Burgos, American comic book artist (d. 1984)
  • José Joaquín Trejos Fernández, President of Costa Rica (d. 2010)
• April 19
  • Bruno Chizzo, Italian association footballer (d. 1969)
  • Delio Rodríguez, Spanish road racing cyclist and sprinter (d. 1994)
• April 21
  • Walter Berg, German footballer (d. 1949)
• April 22
  • Yehudi Menuhin, American-born violinist (d. 1999)
  • Yvette Lundy, French resistance fighter (d. 2019)
• April 24
  • Stanley Kauffmann, American film critic (d. 2013)
  • Lou Thesz, American professional wrestler (d. 2002)
• April 25 – R. J. Rushdoony, American founder of Christian Reconstructionism (d. 2001)
• April 26
  • Dorothy Salisbury Davis, American writer (d. 2014)
  • Vic Perrin, American voice actor (d. 1989)
  • Paulette Coquatrix, French costume designer (d. 2018)
  • Ken Wallis, British aviator, engineer, and inventor (d. 2013)
  • Werner Bischof, Swiss photographer and photojournalist (d. 1954)
  • George Tuska, American comic strip artist (d. 2009)
• April 27 – Enos Slaughter, American baseball player (d. 2002)
• April 28 – Ferruccio Lamborghini, Italian automobile manufacturer (d. 1993)
• April 29 – Ramón Amaya Amador, Honduran author (d. 1966)
• April 30
  • Claude Elwood Shannon, American information theorist (d. 2001)
  • Robert Shaw, American conductor (d. 1999)

May

• May 1 – Glenn Ford, Canadian actor (d. 2006)
• May 4 – Jane Jacobs, née Butzner, American-born urban activist (d. 2006)
• May 5 – Zail Singh, Indian politician and 7th President of India (d. 1994)
• May 6
  • Adriana Caselotti, American actress (d. 1997)
  • Robert H. Dicke, American experimental physicist (d. 1997)
  • Sif Ruud, Swedish actress (d. 2011)
• May 8
  • Chinmayananda, Indian spiritual leader (d. 1993)
  • Jens Risom, Danish American furniture designer (d. 2016)
  • João Havelange, Brazilian industrialist and football league president (d. 2016)
• May 10 – Milton Babbitt, American composer (d. 2011)
• May 11 – Camilo José Cela, Spanish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2002)
• May 14 – Sammy Luftspring, Canadian boxer (d. 2000)
  • Del Moore, American actor, comedian and radio announcer (d. 1970)
• May 15
  • Vera Gebuhr, Danish actress (d. 2014)
  • Abbott Pattison, American sculptor and abstract artist (d. 1999)
• May 16
  • Adriana Caselotti, American Actress, Voice Actress and Singer (d. 1997)
  • Ephraim Katzir, 4th President of Israel (d. 2009)
  • Carlos Aldunate Lyon, Colombian lawyer, educator and activist (d. 2018)
• May 17
  • Jenő Fock, 49th Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 2001)
  • Lenka Reinerová, Czech writer (d. 2008)
• May 18 – Miriam Goldberg, American newspaper publisher (d. 2017)
• May 20
  • Owen Chadwick, British author and historian (d. 2015)
  • Trebisonda Valla, Italian athlete (d. 2006)
• May 21
  • Louis Crump, American politician (d. 2019)
  • Dennis Day, American singer and actor (d. 1988)
  • Leonard Manasseh, British architect (d. 2017)
  • Lydia Mendoza, American musician (d. 2007)
  • Tinus Osendarp, Dutch runner (d. 2002)
  • Harold Robbins, American novelist (d. 1997)
  • Tan Siew Sin, Malaysian minister of Commerce and Industry (d. 1988)
• May 26
  • Halil İnalcık, Turkish historian (d. 2016)
  • Henriette Roosenburg, Dutch journalist (d. 1972)
• May 31
  • Bert Haanstra, Dutch filmmaker (d. 1997)
  • Bernard Lewis, British-American historian (d. 2018)

June

• June 3 – Jack Manning, American film, stage and television actor (d. 2009)
• June 4 – Robert F. Furchgott, American chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2009)
• June 5 – Eddie Joost, baseball player and manager (d. 2011)
• June 6 – Hamani Diori, 1st President of Niger (d. 1989)
• June 8 – Francis Crick, English molecular biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2004)
• June 9
  • Jurij Brězan, Sorbian writer (d. 2006)
  • Robert McNamara, 8th United States Secretary of Defense (d. 2009)
• June 11 – Bob Berry, New Zealand dendrologist (d. 2018)
• June 12 – Raúl Héctor Castro, American politician (d. 2015)
• June 13 – Ronald Atkins, Welsh politician (d. 2020)
• June 14 – Dorothy McGuire, American actress (d. 2001)
• June 15
  • Olga Erteszek, American undergarment designer and lingerie company owner (d. 1989)
  • Horacio Salgán, Argentine tango musician (d. 2016)
  • Herbert A. Simon, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2001)
• June 16 – Phil Chambers, American actor (d. 1993)
• June 17 – Einar Englund, Finnish composer (d. 1999)
• June 18
  • Julio César Turbay Ayala, 25th President of Colombia (d. 2005)
  • Roman Toi, Estonian composer, choir conductor, and organist (d. 2018)
• June 21
  • Tchan Fou-li, Chinese photographer (d. 2018)
  • Herbert Friedman, American physicist (d. 2000)
• June 22
  • Anne Olivier Bell, English literary editor and art scholar (d. 2018)
  • Richard Eastham, American actor (d. 2005)
  • Emil Fackenheim, noted Jewish philosopher and Reform rabbi (d. 2003)
• June 23
  • Len Hutton, English cricketer (d. 1990)
  • Irene Worth, American actress (d. 2002)
  • Al G. Wright, American bandleader and conductor (d. 2020)
• June 24
  • Saloua Raouda Choucair, Lebanese painter and sculptor (d. 2017)
  • Lidia Wysocka, American actress (d. 2006)
  • William B. Saxbe, American politician (d. 2010)
• June 25 – Thomas Reddin, American police (d. 2004)
• June 26
  • Dennis Filmer, Malaysian sports shooter (d. 1981)
  • Alvin Wistert, American football player (d. 2005)
• June 27
  • Max Müller, Swiss cross-country skier (d. 2019)
  • Ivy Cooke, Jamaican educator (d. 2017)
• June 28
  • Richard Best, British film editor (d. 2004)
  • John Evelyn Anderson, British Army officer (d. 2007)
• June 29 – Ruth Warrick, American actress (d. 2005)

July

• July 1
  • Olivia de Havilland, Japanese-born British-American film actress (d. 2020)
  • Lawrence Halprin, American architect (d. 2009)
  • Thomas Hamilton-Brown, South African boxer (d. 1981)
• July 2
  • Reino Kangasmäki, Finnish wrestler (d. 2010)
  • Alec Hill, Australian military historian (d. 2008)
  • Zélia Gattai, Brazilian author and photographer (d. 2008)
  • Hans-Ulrich Rudel, German pilot (d. 1982)
  • Ken Curtis, American screen actor and singer (d. 1991)
• July 3 – John Kundla, American basketball coach (d. 2017)
• July 4
  • Iva Toguri D'Aquino ("Tokyo Rose"), American propaganda broadcaster (d. 2006)
  • Adam Curle, British academic and peace activist (d. 2006)
  • Naseem Banu, Indian actress (d. 2002)
  • Fernand Leduc, Canadian painter (d. 2014)
• July 5
  • Lívia Rév, Hungarian classical pianist (d. 2018)
  • Ivor Powell, Welsh footballer (d. 2012)
• July 6
  • Harold Norse, American writer (d. 2009)
  • Hugh Gibbons, Irish Fianna Fáil politician (d. 2007)
  • Don R. Christensen, American animator, cartoonist, illustrator, writer and inventor (d. 2006)
• July 7 – Werner G. Scharff, American arts patron and fashion designer (d. 2006)
• July 8
  • Marion Hartzog Smoak, American lawyer and politician (d. 2020)
  • Ronald R. Van Stockum, American writer (d. 2022)
  • Jean Rouverol, American actress, screenwriter and author (d. 2017)
  • Otto Luedeke, American cyclist (d. 2005)
• July 9 – Edward Heath, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 2005)
• July 10 – Nicholas D'Antonio Salza, American bishop (d. 2009)
• July 11
  • Mortimer Caplin, American lawyer and educator (d. 2019)
  • Hans Maier, Dutch water polo player (d. 2018)
  • Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov, Russian physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 2002)
  • Reg Varney, British actor (d. 2008)
  • Gough Whitlam, 21st Prime Minister of Australia (d. 2014)
• July 14
  • Franco Montoro, Brazilian politician and lawyer (d. 1999)
  • Natalia Ginzburg, Italian author (d. 1991)
• July 15
  • Sumner Gerard, American politician and diplomat (d. 2005)
  • Les Dye, American football player (d. 2000)
• July 16
  • Victor Fontana, Brazilian engineer, businessman and politician (d. 2017)
  • Sudono Salim, Indonesian-Chinese businessman (d. 2012)
• July 17
  • Eleanor Hadley, American economist and policymaker (d. 2007)^[10]
  • Henning Brandis, German physician and microbiologist (d. 2004)
• July 18
  • Charles Kittel, American physicist (d. 2019)
  • L. Patrick Gray III, American Federal Bureau of Investigation director (d. 2005)
  • Ed Cifers, American football end (d. 2005)
  • Sid Kiel, South African doctor and cricketer (d. 2007)
• July 19 – Phil Cavarretta, baseball player (d. 2010)
• July 20
  • Ersilio Tonini, Italian Cardinal of the Catholic Church (d. 2013)
  • Hans von Blixen-Finecke Jr., Swedish officer and horse rider (d. 2005)
• July 21
  • Douglas Freeman, English cricketer (d. 2013)
  • Sergeant Stubby, World War I American hero war dog (d. 1926)
• July 22
  • Irene Galitzine, Russian-Georgian fashion designer (d. 2006)
  • William A. Culpepper, American judge (d. 2015)
  • William Harper, Rhodesian politician (d. 2006)
  • Marcel Cerdan, French boxer (d. 1949)
• July 23 – Sandra Gould, American actress (d. 1999)
• July 25 – Fred Lasswell, American cartoonist (d. 2001)
• July 27
  • Elizabeth Hardwick, American literary critic and novelist (d. 2007)
  • Keenan Wynn, American actor (d. 1986)
• July 28 – David Brown, American producer (d. 2010)
• July 29 – Rupert Hamer, Australian politician and Premier of Victoria (d. 2004)
• July 30 – Dick Wilson, American actor (d. 2007)
• July 31
  • Bill Todman, American game show producer (d. 1979)
  • Ignacio Trelles, Mexican football player and coach (d. 2020)