South African delegate Jan Smuts visited Hungary and told its soviet government that if the government operated with the guidelines set down at the Paris Peace Conference, the Allies would lift the blockade against the country. However, foreign minister Béla Kun refused the terms and negotiations ceased.[25]
The last of the British force involved in the Malleson mission left the Transcaspian region, bordering Russia. Soviet forces were eventually able to invade the region and take complete control by 1920.[29]
The Irish Republican Army attempted to liberate member Robert Byrne, who was under arrest by the Royal Irish Constabulary in a Limerick hospital due to a hunger strike. The rescue attempt failed, resulting in the deaths of Byrne and a police officer.[34] The same day, a police patrol was ambushed at Eyeries, Ireland and three officers were shot and wounded.[35]
King Albert issued a royal decree that established the King Albert Medal to be awarded to Belgian citizens or foreigners that were involved in promoting or organizing charitable or humanitarian aid to Belgians during World War I.[46]
In response to activity by Irish Republican ArmyinLimerick, the British Army declared the city a Special Military Area. Civilians were required to apply for police permits to enter or leave the city.[50]
The vote was extended to women in British East Africa,[51] of "pure European descent",[52] provided they were English-speaking, literate British subjects and owned property, so the law could exclude Africans, British Indians and other ethnic groups.[53][54]
Quebec held a referendum on the prohibition of alcohol, with the side for legalization of sales of beer, cider and wine winning with 78% of the vote, while the sale of spirits remains prohibited until 1921.[60]
The Persian weekly newspaper Flame of the Revolution began publication in Samarkand, Turkestan (now Uzbekistan). Despite being the sole Persian-language newspaper in the country, the newspaper folded in 1921 after 90 issues.[64]
Amanullah Khan, Emir of Afghanistan, ordered a trial investigation into the assassination of his brother Habibullah Khan, which found his elder brother Nasrullah Khan complicit in the plot (although likely the evidence was fabricated). Nasrullah was imprisoned and executed one year later.[75]
French serial killerHenri Désiré Landru was arrested and charged with embezzlement after the sister of one of the victims tracked him down. Police suspected him of the disappearances of ten other people and by piecing together fragments of paperwork were able to charge him with eleven counts of murder.[76]
Born:István Anhalt, Hungarian-Canadian composer, known for compositions including the long-form works of La Tourangelle, Winthrop, and Alternative Voices, recipient of the Order of Canada, in Budapest (d. 2012)
Arace riot broke out in Jenkins County, Georgia following a violent altercation between white law enforcers and attendees for a large gathering of 3,000 people at the all-black Carswell Grove Baptist Church. The initial violence ended in the deaths of two white officers and a black parishioner. Word of the lawmen's deaths result in white mobs lynching people associated with the United States that became known as the Red Summer.[79]
Ageneral strike was called by the Limerick Trades and Labour Council to protest against the declaration of a "Special Military Area" under the Defence of the Realm Act covering most of the city of Limerick and its surroundings in Ireland.[84]
The strike committee in Limerick proclaimed itself a soviet council, although it styled more along the lines of the strike organizers of the Dublin lock-out in 1913 than of any actual soviet government.[90]
British activist Eglantyne Jebb was arrested in London for distributing pamphlets in an effort to raise awareness and funding for the relief of German and Austrian children stricken by food shortages by the German blockade that was prolonged despite the signing of the 1918 armistice. Despite going to trial and being found guilty of unlawful protest, Jebb's impassioned speech during the trial so impressed the prosecuting counsel that he offered to pay her fine. It motivated Jebb and her sister Dorothy Buxton to establish the Save the Children fund the following May.[97]
The Alliance Seabird was entered for the Royal Aero Club competition for the Daily Mail £10,000 Atlantic Flight Prize. Ultimately it did not compete.[105]
German socialist leader Johannes Hoffmann gathered 8,000 troops to fight a German Soviet force of 30,000 in Dachau, Germany, where he was defeated.[107]
Died:Darius Cobb, American painter, known for his religious and historic paintings including "Christ Before Pilate" and "Battle of Bunker Hill" (b. 1834)
The short-lived newspaper Latvian was published in Liepāja, Latvia as an organ for the Andrievs Niedra administration. It folded within a month when the government dissolved.[137]
French filmmaker Abel Gance released his war film J'accuse through Pathé Films. Gance filmed many scenes on actual battlefields during the closing months of the war, and recruited 2,000 French soldiers on leave to play the ghosts of the war dead in the film's climactic scene (Gance noted 80% of the soldiers filmed were killed in combat weeks later). The film became a major hit and was distributed by United Artists in 1921.[143]
German socialist leader Johannes Hoffmann secured a force of 20,000 troops from the Freikorps and recaptured Dachau, Germany from the German Soviets. The Freikorps then surrounded Munich, causing Soviet authorities to panic and take ten hostages of German nobility to use as negotiation pieces.[147]
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^Kakurin, N. Ye; Vatsetis, I. (2002). Civil War. 1918–1921 (in Russian). Polygon. pp. 274–275. ISBN5-89173-150-9.
^Chew, A. F. (1981). Fighting the Russians in Winter: Three Case Studies. DIANE Publishing. pp. 4–9. ISBN978-1-4289-1598-5.
^Holger Marcks: As the mines in Proletenhand. The strike movement 1919 in the Ruhr area. In: Holger Marcks, Matthias Seiffert (ed.): The big strikes – episodes from the class struggle. Unrast-Verlag, Münster 2008, ISBN978-3-89771-473-1, pp. 34–38
^Maj A.F. Becke,History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 2b: The 2nd-Line Territorial Force Divisions (57th–69th), with the Home-Service Divisions (71st–73rd) and 74th and 75th Divisions, London: HM Stationery Office, 1937/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, ISBN1-847347-39-8, p. 15
^Abromeit, John (2011). Max Horkheimer and the Foundations of the Frankfurt School. Cambridge etc.: Cambridge University Press. p. 43. ISBN978-1-107-00695-9.; Mommsen, Hans (2003). Alternatives to Hitler: German Resistance under the Third Reich. London & New York: I. B. Tauris. p. 289. ISBN1-86064-745-6.; Mühsam, Erich; Kuhn, Gabriel (2010). "From Eisner to Leviné: The Emergence of the Bavarian Council Republic". In Kuhn, Gabriel (ed.). All Power to the Councils! A Documentary History of the German Revolution of 1918–1919. Oakland: PM Press. pp. 205–263. ISBN978-1-60486-111-2.
^Grazulis, Thomas (1993), Significant Tornadoes 1680–1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events, St. Johnsbury, Vermont: Environmental Films, pp. 157–158, ISBN1-879362-03-1
^Prévost, Robert, Suzanne Gagné and Michel Phaneuf (1986). L'histoire de l'alcool au Québec, Montréal: Société des alcools du Québec, p. 239 (ISBN2760402878)
^Series "E", Volume 9, History of the 11th–13th Aero Squadrons. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
^"54th Battalion". First World War, 1914–1918 units. Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 17 November 2011.
^"56th Battalion". First World War, 1914–1918 units. Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 17 November 2011.
^Sources of Korean Tradition, vol. 2, From the Sixteenth to the Twentieth Centuries, edited by Yŏngho Ch'oe, Peter H. Lee, and Wm. Theodore de Bary, Introduction to Asian Civilizations (New York: Columbia University Press, 2000), 336.
^Everyman's Dictionary of Dates; 6th ed. J. M. Dent, 1971; p. 28
^"53rd Battalion". First World War, 1914–1918 units. Australian War Memorial. Archived from the original on 16 December 2009. Retrieved 12 November 2009.
^"55th Battalion". First World War, 1914–1918 units. Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 28 February 2010.
^Series "D", Weekly Statistical Reports of Air Service Activities, October 1918 – May 1919. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
^"History". CP Cacereño (in Spanish). Retrieved 6 January 2019.
^"The Peace Conference and the Adriatic Question", Edinburgh Review, 231:472 (1920), pp. 224–26
^Philip S. Foner, History of the Labor Movement in the United States Volume 8: Postwar Struggles 1918–1920 New York: International Publishers Co., 1988. p. 88–92
^Layman, R.D., Before the Aircraft Carrier: The Development of Aviation Vessels 1849–1922, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1989, ISBN0-87021-210-9, p. 122
^"Our History". Save the Children UK. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
^Smele, Jonathan D. (2015). Historical Dictionary of the Russian Civil Wars, 1916–1926. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 771. ISBN9781442252813.
^Frampton, Kenneth (1992). "The Bauhaus: Evolution of an Idea 1919–32". Modern Architecture: A Critical History (3rd ed. rev. ed.). New York, NY: Thames and Hudson, Inc. p. 124. ISBN0-500-20257-5.
^Bourne, George Herbert (1994) [1926]. The History of the 2nd Light Horse Regiment, Australian Imperial Force, August 1914 – April 1919. Swanbourne, Western Australia: John Burridge Military Antiques. pp. 86–87. OCLC221980770.
^Austin, Ronald (2008). Cycling to War: History of the First AIF/NZ Cyclist Corps 1916–19. McCrae, Victoria: Slouch Hat Publications. p. 142. ISBN9780975835340.
