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| languages = [[Northern Altai language|Northern Altai]], [[ |
| languages = [[Northern Altai language|Northern Altai]], [[Chelkan_language|Chelkan]], [[Altai language|Altai]], [[Russian language|Russian]] |
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| religions = [[Russian Orthodoxy|Russian Orthodox]], [[Burkhanism]], [[Shamanism in Siberia|shamanism]] |
| religions = [[Russian Orthodoxy|Russian Orthodox]], [[Burkhanism]], [[Shamanism in Siberia|shamanism]] |
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| related = [[Khakas people|Khakas]], [[Kumandins]], [[Shors]], [[Teleuts]] |
| related = [[Khakas people|Khakas]], [[Kumandins]], [[Shors]], [[Teleuts]] |
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== History == |
== History == |
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The Chelkans emerged from the mixing of Turkic clans with [[Ket people|Ket]], [[Samoyedic peoples|Samoyed]], and other native Siberian groups. This was a process that began as early as the period when the [[Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate|Yenisei Kygryz]] dominated the region. The Mongols then ruled over the region and people from the 13th to 18th centuries. The [[Dzungar Khanate|Dzungars]] then briefly controlled the area until the Chelkans (along with other [[Altai people|Altaians]]) submitted to the Russians.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the world's minorities|date=2005|publisher=Routledge|others=Skutsch, Carl., Ryle, Martin (J. Martin)|isbn=1-57958-392-X|location=New York|pages=82–83}}</ref> |
The Chelkans emerged from the mixing of Turkic clans with [[Ket people|Ket]], [[Samoyedic peoples|Samoyed]], and other [[Indigenous peoples of Siberia|native Siberian groups]]. This was a process that began as early as the period when the [[Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate|Yenisei Kygryz]] dominated the region. The Mongols then ruled over the region and people from the 13th to 18th centuries. The [[Dzungar Khanate|Dzungars]] then briefly controlled the area until the Chelkans (along with other [[Altai people|Altaians]]) submitted to the Russians.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the world's minorities|date=2005|publisher=Routledge|others=Skutsch, Carl., Ryle, Martin (J. Martin)|isbn=1-57958-392-X|location=New York|pages=82–83}}</ref> |
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== Language == |
== Language == |
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The Chelkans speak the Chelkan language sometimes classified as a [[dialect]] of Northern Altai. The language was counted as separate in the [[2002 Russian census|2002 Russian Census]] but not the [[2010 Russian census|2010 census]] which counted 2000 speakers, a writing system was developed in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Челканцы – АРКТИЧЕСКИЙ МНОГОЯЗЫЧНЫЙ ПОРТАЛ |url=https://arctic-megapedia.com/en/chelkans/ |access-date=2024-03-25 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chelkan language and alphabet |url=https://www.omniglot.com/writing/chelkan.htm |access-date=2024-03-25 |website=www.omniglot.com}}</ref> |
The Chelkans speak the [[Chelkan language|Chelkan]] language sometimes classified as a [[dialect]] of Northern Altai. The language was counted as separate in the [[2002 Russian census|2002 Russian Census]] but not the [[2010 Russian census|2010 census]] which counted 2000 speakers, a writing system was developed in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Челканцы – АРКТИЧЕСКИЙ МНОГОЯЗЫЧНЫЙ ПОРТАЛ |url=https://arctic-megapedia.com/en/chelkans/ |access-date=2024-03-25 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chelkan language and alphabet |url=https://www.omniglot.com/writing/chelkan.htm |access-date=2024-03-25 |website=www.omniglot.com}}</ref> |
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== Culture == |
== Culture == |
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The Chelkans |
The Chelkans originally mainly hunted local animals, who were vital to their subsistence lifestyle.<ref name=":0" /> Around the 19th century, the Chelkans took up [[Pine nut|cedar nut]] picking as an additional economic activity.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Altaics |url=https://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/altaics.shtml |access-date=2022-10-08 |website=www.eki.ee |publisher=[[The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire]]}}</ref> |
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The Chelkans traditional dwellings included polygonal yurts made out of bark or log and topped with a conic bark roof. Other types of dwellings also included conic yurts made out of bark or perches.<ref name=":0" /> |
The Chelkans traditional dwellings included polygonal yurts made out of bark or log and topped with a conic bark roof. Other types of dwellings also included conic yurts made out of bark or perches.<ref name=":0" /> |
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Чалканду, Шалканду
Chalkandu, Shalkandu | |
|---|---|
| Regions with significant populations | |
 Russia
| 1,181[1] |
| Languages | |
| Northern Altai, Chelkan, Altai, Russian | |
| Religion | |
| Russian Orthodox, Burkhanism, shamanism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Khakas, Kumandins, Shors, Teleuts | |
The Chelkans (native name—Chalkandu, Shalkandu) are a small group of Turkic Indigenous people of Siberia. They speak the Northern Altai Chelkan language.[2] Those residing in Altai Republic are sometimes grouped together with the Altai ethnic group and those in Kemerovo Oblast are grouped with the Shors; however, they are recognized as a separate ethnic group within the list of Indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East by ethnographers and the Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 255 dated March 24, 2000, and Russian Census (2002). But, during the 2010 census, they were again "united" with the Altaians. According to the 2010 census, there were 1,181 Chelkans in Russia.
The Chelkans emerged from the mixing of Turkic clans with Ket, Samoyed, and other native Siberian groups. This was a process that began as early as the period when the Yenisei Kygryz dominated the region. The Mongols then ruled over the region and people from the 13th to 18th centuries. The Dzungars then briefly controlled the area until the Chelkans (along with other Altaians) submitted to the Russians.[3]
The Chelkans speak the Chelkan language sometimes classified as a dialect of Northern Altai. The language was counted as separate in the 2002 Russian Census but not the 2010 census which counted 2000 speakers, a writing system was developed in 2014.[4][5]
The Chelkans originally mainly hunted local animals, who were vital to their subsistence lifestyle.[3] Around the 19th century, the Chelkans took up cedar nut picking as an additional economic activity.[6]
The Chelkans traditional dwellings included polygonal yurts made out of bark or log and topped with a conic bark roof. Other types of dwellings also included conic yurts made out of bark or perches.[3]
Traditional Chelkan dress included short breeches, linen shirts, and single-breasted robes.[3]
Most modern Chelkans are Orthodox Christian. However, Burkhanism and shamanism is also found among the Chelkans.[3]
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
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1 Central Asian (i.e. Turkmeni, Afghani and Iranian) Turkmens, distinct from Levantine (i.e. Iraqi and Syrian) Turkmen/Turkoman minorities, who mostly adhere to an Ottoman-Turkish heritage and identity. 2 In traditional areas of Turkish settlement (i.e. former Ottoman territories). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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