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The '''Damaraland mole-rat''' ('''''Fukomys damarensis'''''<ref name=Kock2006>{{cite journal | author = Kock, D. | year = 2006 | title = On the nomenclature of Bathyergidae and ''Fukomys'' n. gen. (Mammalia: Rodentia) | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 1142 | url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2006/zt01142p055.pdf | pages = 51–55| doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.1142.1.4 |display-authors=etal}}</ref>), '''Damara mole rat''' or '''Damaraland blesmol''', is a burrowing [[rodent]] found in southern [[Africa]].<ref name = MSW3>{{MSW3 Hystricognathi | id = 13400011 | page = 1540}}</ref> Along with the smaller, less hairy, [[naked mole rat]], it is a species of [[eusociality|eusocial]] [[mammal]]. |
The '''Damaraland mole-rat''' ('''''Fukomys damarensis'''''<ref name=Kock2006>{{cite journal | author = Kock, D. | year = 2006 | title = On the nomenclature of Bathyergidae and ''Fukomys'' n. gen. (Mammalia: Rodentia) | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 1142 | url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2006/zt01142p055.pdf | pages = 51–55| doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.1142.1.4 |display-authors=etal}}</ref>), '''Damara mole rat''' or '''Damaraland blesmol''', is a burrowing [[rodent]] found in southern [[Africa]].<ref name = MSW3>{{MSW3 Hystricognathi | id = 13400011 | page = 1540}}</ref> Along with the smaller, less hairy, [[naked mole rat]], it is a species of [[eusociality|eusocial]] [[mammal]]. |
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[[File:Fukomys damarensis.jpg|thumb|Damaraland mole-rat. Note the white patch of fur on top of the head |
[[File:Fukomys damarensis.jpg|thumb|Damaraland mole-rat. Note the white patch of fur on top of the head]] |
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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As eusocial animals, only the breeding pair within a colony is capable of reproduction. Non-reproductive individuals are not truly sterile, however, and become capable of reproduction if they establish a colony of their own. The reproductive systems of non-reproductive females are underdeveloped, with small, unvascularised [[uterus|uteri]] and tiny ovaries that contain undeveloped [[germ cell]]s, but which are incapable of [[ovulation]].<ref name=Bennett2004/> Non-reproductive males have smaller [[testis|testes]] than their reproductive counterparts and produce little, if any, viable sperm.<ref name=Maswanganye1999>{{cite journal | author = Maswanganye, K.A. | year = 1999 | title = Oligospermia and azoospermia in non-reproductive male Damaraland mole-rats | journal = Journal of Zoology | volume = 248 | issue = 3 | pages = 411–418 | doi = 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb01039.x|display-authors=etal}}</ref> The non-reproductive status of other adults is maintained by the presence of the breeding female.<ref name=Bennett1996>{{cite journal | author = Bennett, N.C. | year = 1996 | title = Reproductive suppression in subordinate, non-breeding female Damaraland mole-rats: two components to a lifetime of socially-induced infertility | journal = [[Proceedings of the Royal Society B]] | volume = 263 | issue = 11 | pages = 1599–1603 | doi = 10.1098/rspb.1996.0234|display-authors=etal | pmid=8952096| s2cid = 25303746 }}</ref> While her removal causes previously non-reproductive females to become fully fertile, they will only mate with unrelated males, thus avoiding incest within the colony.<ref name=Rickard1997>{{cite journal |author1=Rickard, C.A. |author2=Bennett, N.C. | year = 1997 | title = Recrudescence of sexual activity in a reproductively quiescent colony of the Damaraland mole-rat by the introduction of a genetically unrelated male—a case of incest avoidance in "queenless" colonies | journal = Journal of Zoology | volume = 241 | issue = 1 | pages = 185–202 | doi = 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1997.tb05508.x}}</ref> |
As eusocial animals, only the breeding pair within a colony is capable of reproduction. Non-reproductive individuals are not truly sterile, however, and become capable of reproduction if they establish a colony of their own. The reproductive systems of non-reproductive females are underdeveloped, with small, unvascularised [[uterus|uteri]] and tiny ovaries that contain undeveloped [[germ cell]]s, but which are incapable of [[ovulation]].<ref name=Bennett2004/> Non-reproductive males have smaller [[testis|testes]] than their reproductive counterparts and produce little, if any, viable sperm.<ref name=Maswanganye1999>{{cite journal | author = Maswanganye, K.A. | year = 1999 | title = Oligospermia and azoospermia in non-reproductive male Damaraland mole-rats | journal = Journal of Zoology | volume = 248 | issue = 3 | pages = 411–418 | doi = 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb01039.x|display-authors=etal}}</ref> The non-reproductive status of other adults is maintained by the presence of the breeding female.<ref name=Bennett1996>{{cite journal | author = Bennett, N.C. | year = 1996 | title = Reproductive suppression in subordinate, non-breeding female Damaraland mole-rats: two components to a lifetime of socially-induced infertility | journal = [[Proceedings of the Royal Society B]] | volume = 263 | issue = 11 | pages = 1599–1603 | doi = 10.1098/rspb.1996.0234|display-authors=etal | pmid=8952096| s2cid = 25303746 }}</ref> While her removal causes previously non-reproductive females to become fully fertile, they will only mate with unrelated males, thus avoiding incest within the colony.<ref name=Rickard1997>{{cite journal |author1=Rickard, C.A. |author2=Bennett, N.C. | year = 1997 | title = Recrudescence of sexual activity in a reproductively quiescent colony of the Damaraland mole-rat by the introduction of a genetically unrelated male—a case of incest avoidance in "queenless" colonies | journal = Journal of Zoology | volume = 241 | issue = 1 | pages = 185–202 | doi = 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1997.tb05508.x}}</ref> |
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The breeding female initiates courtship by calling and drumming with her hind feet. The pair then chase each other in a right circle before mating. Mating occurs frequently over a ten-day period, and gestation lasts 78 to 92 days.<ref name=Bennett1988>{{cite journal |author1=Bennett, N.C. |author2=Jarvis, J.U.M. | year = 1988 | title = The social structure and reproductive biology of colonies of the Damaraland mole-rat, ''Cryptomys damarensis'' (Rodentia, Bathyergidae) | journal = Journal of Mammalogy | volume = 69 | issue = 2 | jstor=1381379 | pages = 293–302 | doi=10.2307/1381379}}</ref> Females can produce up to three litters of one to six pups per year.<ref name=Bennett1996/> The pups are initially hairless, with closed eyes, and only weigh |
The breeding female initiates courtship by calling and drumming with her hind feet. The pair then chase each other in a right circle before mating. Mating occurs frequently over a ten-day period, and gestation lasts 78 to 92 days.<ref name=Bennett1988>{{cite journal |author1=Bennett, N.C. |author2=Jarvis, J.U.M. | year = 1988 | title = The social structure and reproductive biology of colonies of the Damaraland mole-rat, ''Cryptomys damarensis'' (Rodentia, Bathyergidae) | journal = Journal of Mammalogy | volume = 69 | issue = 2 | jstor=1381379 | pages = 293–302 | doi=10.2307/1381379}}</ref> Females can produce up to three litters of one to six pups per year.<ref name=Bennett1996/> The pups are initially hairless, with closed eyes, and only weigh 8or9 grams. They are weaned after 28 days, and reach adult size after around 14 months.<ref name=Bennett2004/> |
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==Genetics== |
==Genetics== |
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