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| {{ESP}} |
| {{ESP}} |
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| [[ |
| [[Agencia Espacial Española]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Cervantes_Mission_Spanish/El_astronauta_espanol_de_la_ESA_vuelve_al_espacio|title=El astronauta español de la ESA vuelve al espacio|website=www.esa.int}}</ref><ref>[http://www.inta.es/programasaltatecnologia.aspx?Id=1&SubId=2 Programas de Alta Tecnología de Nanosatélites] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091201204204/http://www.inta.es/programasAltaTecnologia.aspx?Id=1&SubId=2 |date=1 December 2009 }}, Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sat-net.com/serra/areno_e.htm|title=El Arenosillo|website=sat-net.com}}</ref> |
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| AEE |
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| {{dts|format=dmy| |
| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|abbr=on}} |
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| {{Yes}}<br><small>([[Pedro Duque]])</small> |
| {{Yes}}<br><small>([[Pedro Duque]])</small> |
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| {{Yes}}<br><small>([[Hispasat 1A]])</small> |
| {{Yes}}<br><small>([[Hispasat 1A]])</small> |
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| Proposed in 2019, at progress stage.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://slovenia.si/excellence/launching-the-first-two-slovenian-satellites/|title=Launching the first two Slovenian satellites|publisher=Slovenia.si|last1=Kraševec|first1=Ana|date=3 September 2020|access-date=25 July 2021}}</ref> |
| Proposed in 2019, at progress stage.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://slovenia.si/excellence/launching-the-first-two-slovenian-satellites/|title=Launching the first two Slovenian satellites|publisher=Slovenia.si|last1=Kraševec|first1=Ana|date=3 September 2020|access-date=25 July 2021}}</ref> |
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| Proposed in 2021, at progress stage. Civil spin-off from military agency [[Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial]] sice this body is focused its efforts on satellite and rocket programs, but has never been configured as a true space agency that would coordinate public and private efforts around a defined space program. |
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| {{SRI}} |
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| label9 = [[German Aerospace Center|DLR]] ([[Germany]]) |
| label9 = [[German Aerospace Center|DLR]] ([[Germany]]) |
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| data9 = 1424 |
| data9 = 1424 |
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| label10 = [[ |
| label10 = [[Agencia Espacial Española|AEE]] ([[Spain]]) |
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| data10 = |
| data10 = 700 |
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| label11 = [[ |
| label11 = [[Korea Aerospace Research Institute|KARI]] ([[South Korea]]) |
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| data11 = |
| data11 = 583 |
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| label12 = [[ |
| label12 = [[United Kingdom Space Agency|UKSA]] ([[United Kingdom]]) |
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| data12 = |
| data12 = 500 |
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| label13 = [[ |
| label13 = [[Canadian Space Agency|CSA]] ([[Canada]]) |
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| data13 = |
| data13 = 421 |
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| label14 = [[ |
| label14 = [[Algerian Space Agency|ASA]] ([[Algeria]]) |
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| data14 = |
| data14 = 360 |
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| label15 = [[ |
| label15 = [[Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy|ISAB]] ([[Belgium]]) |
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| data15 = |
| data15 = 224 |
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| label16 = [[Swiss Space Office|SSO]] ([[Switzerland]]) |
| label16 = [[Swiss Space Office|SSO]] ([[Switzerland]]) |
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| data16 = 177 |
| data16 = 177 |
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| 2021 |
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| <ref>{{cite web|title=Facts and figures|url=https://www.dlr.de/EN/organisation-dlr/media-and-documents/facts/facts-and-figures.html |publisher=DLR |access-date=26 June 2022}}</ref> |
| <ref>{{cite web|title=Facts and figures|url=https://www.dlr.de/EN/organisation-dlr/media-and-documents/facts/facts-and-figures.html |publisher=DLR |access-date=26 June 2022}}</ref> |
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| <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.infoespacial.com/texto-diario/mostrar/4161530/agencia-espacial-espanola-empezara-funcionar-75-trabajadores-700-millones|title=La Agencia Espacial Española empezará a funcionar con 75 trabajadores y 700 millones|last=Infoespacial.com|first=Revista Defensa|date=2 February 2022|work=Infoespacial.com|access-date=9 March 2013|language=es}}</ref> |
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| {{KOR}} |
| {{KOR}} |
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| 2018 |
| 2018 |
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| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://focusonbelgium.be/en/science/belgium-gets-own-space-agency|title=Belgium Gets own Space Agency|date=6 December 2016 |access-date=16 June 2019}}</ref> |
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://focusonbelgium.be/en/science/belgium-gets-own-space-agency|title=Belgium Gets own Space Agency|date=6 December 2016 |access-date=16 June 2019}}</ref> |
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| {{ESP}} |
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| [[Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial]] |
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| 2018 |
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| <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.infodefensa.com/es/2018/04/06/noticia-contara-presupuesto-millones.html|title=El INTA contará con un presupuesto de 188 millones, un 36% más – Noticias Infodefensa España|last=Infodefensa.com|first=Revista Defensa|date=6 April 2018|work=Infodefensa.com|access-date=1 May 2018|language=es}}</ref> |
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| {{SUI}} |
| {{SUI}} |
Government space agencies are established by Governments of countries or regional groupings of countries to establish a means for advocating for and/or engaging in activities related to outer space, exploitation of space systems, and space exploration. The listings summarize all countries and regional authorities that have established space agencies. The listings established a comparative summary of demonstrated capabilities across the countries that have invested in the pursuit of space-based objectives.
Government space agency organizations are established with objectives that include national prestige, exploitation of remote sensing information, communications, education, and economic development. These agencies tend to be civil in nature (vs military) and serve to advance the benefits of exploitation and/or exploration of space. Government agencies span the spectrum from ancient organizations with small budgets to mature national or regional enterprises such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) of the United States, the European Space Agency which coordinates for more than 20 constituent countries, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), to Russia’s State Space Corporation “Roscosmos” and the China National Space Agency coordinating the national priorities of the People’s Republic of China.
The space agency listings are segregated to enable identification of subsets of the complete list that have advanced to higher levels or technical or programmatic proficiency in accordance with the following:
The four listings identify a technological progression in complexity and capacity that historically aligned to the developments that occurred during the 20th century space race between the United States and the Soviet Union. It is not intended to offer that this is the only path to advanced space faring status; variations and adaptations are expected and are likely to occur based on the technological capabilities that are available to today as opposed to 50 or more years ago. For each identified “Demonstrated capability” a reference is included to that program’s first demonstration of the technical capacity or capability to meet the defined objective.
The fifth listing identifies countries that are considering or are developing space agency organizations but have not ratified formation or operation as of yet.
Note as well that the demonstrated capabilities represent the national (or regional) capacity to achieve the identified objective. These listings do not attempt to determine which programs were uniquely or solely funded by the space agency itself. For each listing, the short name or acronym identified is the English version, with the native language version below. The date of the founding of the space agency is the date of first operations where applicable. If the space agency is no longer running, then the date when it was terminated. Additionally, the strategic nature of many space programs result in cooperation between civil agency and military organizations to meet unique staff and technical proficiencies required to support space programs given the geographic expanse required to ensure successful operation.
As of 2022, 77 different government space agencies are in existence. Initial competencies demonstrated include funding and nomination of a candidate to serve as astronaut, cosmonaut, or taikonaut with the countries/organizations executing human spaceflight solutions. Other demonstrated capabilities include operation of a satellite (e.g. a communications or remote sensing system) largely developed and/or delivered by a third party, domestic development of a satellite system, and capacity to recover a science payload from a sub-orbital or orbital mission.
Country | Space agency | Demonstrated capability | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Acronym | Founded | Astronauts | Operates satellites | Builds satellites | Recoverable payloads capable | |
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Algerian Space Agency | ASAL | 16 Jan 2002[1] | No | Yes (Alcomsat-1) |
Yes (AlSAT-1) |
No |
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Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales[2] | CONAE | 1961 (CNIE) 28 May 1991 (CONAE) |
No | Yes (Nahuel 1A) |
Yes (ARSAT-1) |
No |
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Australian Space Agency[3] | ASA | 1986 (NSP) 1 Jul 2018 (ASA)[4][5] |
No | Yes (Aussat A1) |
Yes (WRESAT) |
No |
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Austrian Space Agency[6][7] | ALR | 12 Jul 1972 | Yes (Franz Viehböck) |
No | No | No |
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Space Agency of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azercosmos)[8] | Azercosmos | 2021 | No | Yes (Azerspace-1) |
No | No |
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SPARRSO[9][10] | SPARRSO | 1980 | No | Yes (Bangabandhu-1) |
No | No |
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Belarus Space Agency[11] | BSA | 2009 | No | Yes (Belintersat-1) |
Yes (BelKA) |
No |
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National Space Science Agency[12] | NSSA | 9 Apr 2014 | No | No | No | No |
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Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy[13] | BIRA IASB BISA |
Nov 25, 1964 | Yes (Dirk Frimout) |
No | No | No |
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Bolivian Space Agency[14][15][16] | ABE | 2012 | No | Yes (Túpac Katari 1) |
No | No |
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Brazilian Space Agency[17][18] | AEB | 10 Feb 1994 | Yes (Marcos Pontes) |
Yes (Brasilsat A1) |
Yes (Amazônia-1) |
No |
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Bulgarian Space Agency[19] | SRI-BAS STIL-BAS |
1987 | Yes (Georgi Ivanov) |
Yes (Bulgaria 1300) |
No | No |
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Canadian Space Agency[20] | CSA ASC |
1 Mar 1989 | Yes (Marc Garneau) |
Yes (Alouette 1) |
Yes (Alouette 1) |
No |
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China National Space Administration[21] | CNSA | 22 Apr 1993 | Yes (Yang Liwei) |
Yes | Yes (Dong Fang Hong 1) |
Yes |
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Colombian Space Commission[22] | CCE | 18 Jul 2006 | No | Yes (Libertad 1) |
No | No |
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Costa Rican Space Agency (Agencia Espacial Costarricense)[23] | AEC | 2021 | No | Yes (Irazú) |
Yes (Irazú) |
No |
International ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems[24] | CCSDS | 1982 | No | No | No | No |
International ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Committee on Space Research[25][26][27] | COSPAR | 1958 | No | No | No | No |
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Czech Space Office[28] | CSO | 2003[29] | Yes (Vladimír Remek) |
No | No | No |
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Danish National Space Center[30] | DNSC DTU Space |
1 Jan 1968 (DSRI) 1 Jan 2005 (DNSC) |
Yes (Andreas Mogensen) |
Yes (Ørsted) |
No | No |
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Egyptian Space Agency[31][32] | EGSA NARSS[33] EASRT-RSC |
2018 1994-2018 1971-1994 |
No | Yes (EgyptSat 1) |
No | No |
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El Salvador Aerospace Institute (Instituto Aeroespacial de El Salvador)[34][35] | ESAI | 2021 | No | No | No | No |
European Space Agency[36][37] | ESA ASE EWO |
1964 (ESRO/ELDO) 31 May 1975 (ESA) |
Yes (Ulf Merbold) |
Yes (Cos-B) |
Yes (Cos-B) |
Yes | |
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European Union Agency for the Space Programme[38] | EUSPA | 12 Jul 2004 (GSA) 21 May 2021 (EUSPA) |
No | Yes | No | No |
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National Centre for Space Studies[39] | CNES | 19 Dec 1961 | Yes (Jean-Loup Chrétien) |
Yes (Astérix) |
Yes (Astérix) |
No |
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German Aerospace Center[40] | DLR | 1969 | Yes (Sigmund Jähn) |
Yes | Yes (Azur) |
No |
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Hellenic Space Centre Ελληνικό Κέντρο Διαστήματος[41] |
HSC ΕΛΚΕΔ |
9 Aug 2019 | No | Yes (Hellas Sat 2) |
No | No |
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Hungarian Space Office | MŰI HSO |
Jan 1992 | No | Yes (MaSat-1) |
No | No |
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Research Organization for Aeronautics and Space (Previously known as LAPAN)[42] | LAPAN | Nov 27, 1964 | Yes | Yes (Palapa-A1) |
Yes (Lapan-TUBsat) |
No |
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Indian Space Research Organisation[43][44][45] | ISRO इसरो |
15 Aug 1969 | Yes (Rakesh Sharma) |
Yes (Aryabhata) |
Yes (Aryabhata) |
Yes |
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Iranian Space Agency | ISA[46][47] | 2004 | Yes | Yes (Sina-1) |
Yes[48] (Omid) |
Yes (Pishgam) |
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Israeli Space Agency | ISA סוכנות החלל הישראלית |
Apr 1983 | Yes (Ilan Ramon) |
Yes (Ofeq-1) |
Yes (Shavit 2) |
No |
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Italian Space Agency[49][50] | ASI | 1988 | Yes (Franco Malerba) |
Yes (San Marco 1) |
Yes (San Marco 1) |
No |
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Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency[51][52] | JAXA | 1 Oct 2003 | Yes (Toyohiro Akiyama) |
Yes (Ohsumi) |
Yes (Ohsumi) |
Yes |
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National Space Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan[53] | KazCosmos KazKosmos |
27 Mar 2007 | Yes (Toktar Aubakirov) |
Yes (KazSat-1) |
No | No |
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National Aerospace Development Administration[54][55] | NADA | 1980s (KCST) 2013 (NADA)[56] |
No | Yes (Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 Unit 2) |
Yes (Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 Unit 2) |
No |
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Korea Aerospace Research Institute[57] | KARI | 10 Oct 1989 | Yes (Yi So-yeon) |
Yes (Koreasat 1) |
Yes (KITSAT-1) |
No |
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Lithuanian Space Association[58] | LSA[59] | 2007 | No | Yes (LituanicaSAT-1) |
No | No |
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Luxembourg Space Agency[60] | LSA | Sep 2018 | No | No | No | No |
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Malaysian Space Agency[61] | MYSA | 2002 | Yes (Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor) |
Yes (MEASAT-1) |
No | No |
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Mexican Space Agency[62] | AEM | 30 Jul 2010 | Yes (Rodolfo Vela) |
Yes (Morelos I) |
Yes | No |
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National Remote Sensing Center of Mongolia[63] | NRSC | 1991 | No | Yes (Mazaalai) |
Yes (Mazaalai) |
No |
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Royal Center for Remote Sensing[64] Centre Royal de Télédétection Spatiale Ammas Amrrukan n Tallunt (المركز الملكي للإستشعار البعدي الفضائي) |
CRTS | Dec 1989 | No | No | No | No |
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National Space Research and Development Agency[65] | NASRDA | 1998 | No | Yes (Nigeriasat-1) |
No | No |
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Netherlands Institute for Space Research[66] | SRON | 1983 | Yes (Wubbo Ockels) |
Yes (ANS) |
Yes (ANS) |
No |
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New Zealand Space Agency |
NZSA | Apr 2016 | No | No | No | No |
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Norwegian Space Agency[67] | NRS NSC |
1987 | No | Yes (Thor 2) |
Yes | No |
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Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission[68] | SUPARCO سپارکو |
16 Sep 1961 | No | Yes (Badr-1) |
Yes (Badr-1) |
No |
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Paraguayan Space Agency (Agencia Espacial de Paraguay)[69] | AEP | 26 Mar 2014 | No | Yes (GuaraníSat-1) |
No | No |
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National Commission for Aerospace Research and Development[70] | CONIDA | 11 Jun 1974 | No | Yes (Chasqui I) |
Yes | No |
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Philippine Space Agency[71][72][73] [74][75] | PhilSA | 2014 (DOST–ASTI) 8 August 2019 (PhilSA) |
No | Yes (Agila-1) |
No | No |
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Polish Space Agency[76] | POLSA | 29 Sep 1976 (CBK PAN) 26 Sep 2014 (POLSA) |
Yes (Mirosław Hermaszewski) |
Yes (Lem) |
No | No |
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Portugal Space[77][78] | PTSPACE | 2019 | No | No | Yes (PoSAT-1) |
No |
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Romanian Space Agency[79] | ASR ROSA |
1991 | Yes (Dumitru Prunariu) |
Yes (Goliat) |
No | No |
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Roscosmos | Roscosmos Роскосмос |
26 Dec 1991 | Yes (Aleksandr Volkov) |
Yes (Kosmos 2175) |
Yes (Kosmos 2175) |
Yes (Soyuz TM-14) |
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Rwanda Space Agency[80] | RSA | 2021 | No | No | No | No |
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Saudi Space Commission[81] | SSC | 1977 (KACST-SRI) 2018 (SSC) |
No | Yes (Arabsat-1A) |
No | No |
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Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing[82] | CRISP | 1995 | No | Yes (ST-1) |
No | No |
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South African National Space Agency[83] | SANSA | 9 Dec 2010 | No | No | No | No |
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Soviet space program | Космическая программа СССР | 31 Jul 1956 disbanded Dec 1991 | Yes (Yuri Gagarin) |
Yes (Sputnik 1) |
Yes (Sputnik 1) |
Yes (Korabl-Sputnik 2) |
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Agencia Espacial Española[84][85][86] | AEE | 2023 | Yes (Pedro Duque) |
Yes (Hispasat 1A) |
Yes (Intasat) |
No |
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Swedish National Space Agency[87] | SNSA | 1972 | Yes (Christer Fuglesang) |
Yes (Viking) |
Yes | No |
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Swiss Space Office[88][89] | SSO | 1998 | No | No | No | No |
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Syrian Space Agency[90][91][92][93] | SSA | 18 Mar 2014 | No | No | No | No |
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National Space Organization[94] | NSPO[95] | 3 Oct 1991 | No | Yes (ST-1) |
Yes (Formosat-1) |
No |
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Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency[96] | GISTDA สทอภ |
3 Nov 2002 | No | Yes (Thaicom 1) |
No | No |
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French: Centre national de la cartographie et de la télédétection (Arabic: المركز الوطني للإستشعار عن بعد) (National Remote Sensing Center of Tunisia)[97] |
CNCT | 1988 | No | No | No | No |
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Turkish Space Agency (Türkiye Uzay Ajansı)[98][99][100][101] |
TUA | 1985 (TÜBİTAK UZAY) 13 Dec 2018 (TUA) |
No | Yes (Türksat 1A) |
Yes (Göktürk-2) |
No |
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Turkmenistan National Space Agency[102] | TNSA | 2011 | No | Yes (TürkmenÄlem52E / MonacoSAT) |
No | No |
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State Space Agency of Ukraine[103] | SSAU | 2 Mar 1992 | Yes (Leonid Kadeniuk) |
Yes | Yes (Sich-1) |
No |
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United Arab Emirates Space Agency[104] | UAESA | 2014 | Yes (Hazza Al Mansouri) |
Yes (Thuraya 2) |
No | No |
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United Kingdom Space Agency[105] | UKSA | 1 Apr 2010 | Yes (Helen Sharman) |
Yes (Ariel 1) |
Yes (Prospero) |
No |
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United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space[106] | UNCOPUOS | Dec 12, 1959 | — | — | — | — |
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United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs[107] | UNOOSA | 13 Dec 1958 | — | — | — | — |
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration[108] | NASA | 1 Oct 1958 | Yes (Alan Shepard) |
Yes (Explorer 1) |
Yes (Explorer 1) |
Yes (Discoverer 13) |
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The Space Research and Technology Agency under the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan[109] | Uzbekspace agency | 2019 | No | No | No | No |
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Bolivarian Agency for Space Activities[110] | ABAE | 1 Jan 2008 | No | Yes (Venesat-1) |
No | No |
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Vietnam National Space Center (Trung tâm Vũ trụ Việt Nam)[111] | TTVTVN or VNSC VAST-VNSC |
20 Nov 2006 | Yes (Phạm Tuân) |
Yes (Vinasat-1) |
No | No |
This group of agencies have developed or are developing launch infrastructure including space launch sites, suborbital launch technology, orbital launch systems, and reusable hardware technologies.
Country | Space agency | Demonstrated capability | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Acronym | Founded | Operates launch site | Suborbital launch capable | Orbital launch capable | Cryogenic rocket engine use | Reusable systems use | |
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Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales[2] | CONAE | 1961 (CNIE) 28 May 1991 (CONAE) |
Yes[112] (Punta Indio) |
Yes[113] (Orión) |
Yes (Tronador) |
No | No |
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Australian Space Agency[3][4] | ASA | 1 Jul 2018 | Yes (Woomera) |
Yes[114] (Long Tom) |
No | No | No |
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Brazilian Space Agency[17][18] | AEB | 10 Feb 1994 | Yes[115] (Alcântara) |
Yes (VSB-30) |
No | No | No |
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China National Space Administration[21] | CNSA | 22 Apr 1993 | Yes (Jiuquan ) |
Yes | Yes (Long March 1) |
Yes (YF-73) |
Yes |
European Space Agency | ESA ASE EWO[36][37] |
1975 31 May | Yes (Kourou) |
Yes | Yes (Ariane 1) |
Yes | No | |
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French: Centre National d’Études Spatiales[39] | CNES | 19 Dec 1961 | Yes (Kourou) |
Yes (Véronique) |
Yes (Diamant A) |
Yes | No |
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Indian Space Research Organisation[43][44][45] | ISRO इसरो |
15 Aug 1969 | Yes (Satish Dhawan) |
Yes (RH-75) |
Yes (SLV) |
Yes | No |
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Iranian Space Agency[116] | ISA | 2004 | Yes (Semnan) |
Yes (Safir) |
Yes (Safir) |
No | No |
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Israeli Space Agency[117] | ISA] סל"ה |
Apr 1983 | Yes (Palmachim Airbase) |
Yes (Shavit 2) |
Yes (Shavit 2) |
No | No |
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Italian Space Agency[118] | ASI | 1988 | Yes (Salto di Quirra) |
Yes | No | Yes | No |
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Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency[51] | JAXA | 1 Oct 2003 | Yes (Uchinoura) |
Yes | Yes (Lambda-4S) |
Yes (LE-7) |
No |
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National Aerospace Development Administration | KCST | 1980s | Yes (Sohae) |
Yes | Yes[119] (Unha-3) |
No | No |
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Korea Aerospace Research Institute[120] | KARI 항우연 |
Oct 1989 | Yes (Naro) |
Yes | Yes (Nuri) |
No | No |
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New Zealand Space Agency |
NZSA | Apr 2016 | Yes (Mahia) |
No | No | No | No |
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Roscosmos[121] | Roscosmos Russian: Роскосмос |
c. 1992 | Yes (Plesetsk) |
Yes | Yes (Soyuz-U) |
Yes | No |
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Soviet space program | Космическая программа СССР | 31 Jul 1956 disbanded Dec 1991 | Yes (Baikonur) |
Yes (GIRD-09) |
Yes (R-7 Sputnik) |
Yes (KVD-1) |
No |
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Swedish National Space Agency[122] | SNSA | 1972 | Yes (Esrange) |
Yes (Maser) |
No | No | No |
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State Space Agency of Ukraine[123] | ДКАУ SSAU |
2 Mar 1992 | No | Yes | Yes (Dnepr) |
No | No |
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration[108] | NASA | 1 Oct 1958 | Yes (Cape Canaveral) |
Yes (WAC Corporal) |
Yes (Juno I Explorer 1) |
Yes (RL10) |
Yes (Space Shuttle) |
This group of agencies have developed advanced technological capabilities required for travel and study of other heavenly bodies within the solar system. These involve the capacity to leave the local area around the planet Earth for lunar and/or missions to other bodies in the solar system. As of February 2023, six (6) countries/agencies have achieved objectives necessary to be listed here.
Country | Space agency | Demonstrated capability | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Acronym | Founded | Controlled surface impact | Operates extraterrestrial orbiter | Uncrewed soft landing | Uncrewed rover operation | Sample return | |
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China National Space Administration[124] | CNSA | 22 Apr 1993[21] | Yes (Chang'e 1) |
Yes (Tianwen-1) |
Yes (Chang'e 3) |
Yes (Zhurong) |
Yes (Chang'e 5) |
Europe | European Space Agency[125] | ESA ASE EWO |
31 May 1975 | Yes (Rosetta) |
Yes (Mars Express) |
Yes (Huygens) |
No | No |
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Indian Space Research Organisation[126] | ISRO इसरो |
15 Aug 1969[43] | Yes (Moon Impact Probe)[45] |
Yes (Mangalyaan) |
No | No | No |
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Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency[127] | JAXA | 1 Oct 2003 | Yes | Yes (Akatsuki) |
Yes | Yes (MINERVA) |
Yes (Hayabusa 2) |
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Soviet space program | Космическая программа СССР | 31 Jul 1956 disbanded Dec 1991 | Yes (Luna 2) |
Yes (Luna 10) |
Yes (Venera 7) |
Yes (Lunokhod 1) |
Yes (Luna 16) |
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration[128] | NASA | 1 Oct 1958[108] | Yes (Ranger 7) |
Yes (Lunar Orbiter 1) |
Yes (Surveyor 1) |
Yes (Mars Pathfinder) |
Yes (Stardust) |
This small group of countries/space agencies have demonstrated the highest technological capacity with systems and solutions that support human spaceflight along with the ancilliary technological capabilities to support human activity in orbit and/or on extraterrestrial bodies. The missions identified (and personnel when appropriate) are the first successful accomplishments of each activity.
Country | Space agency | Demonstrated capability | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Acronym | Founded | Crewed space launch | EVA | Rendezvous and docking | Space station | Crewed circumlunar flight | Crewed Moon landing | |
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China National Space Administration[129][21] | CNSA | 22 Apr 1993 | Yes (Long March 2F Shenzhou 5) |
Yes (Shenzhou 7, Zhai Zhigang) |
Yes (Shenzhou 8toTiangong-1) |
Yes (Tiangong) |
No | No |
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Russian Federal Space Agency[130] | Roscosmos Russian: Роскосмос |
26 Dec 1991 Dissolution of Soviet Union | Yes (Soyuz TM-14) |
Yes (Mir, Aleksandr Volkov and Sergei Krikalev) |
Yes (Soyuz TM-14toISS) |
Yes (Mir) |
No | No |
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Soviet space program | Космическая программа СССР | 1955 to 1991 | Yes (Vostok 1) |
Yes (Voskhod 2, Alexei Leonov) |
Yes (Soyuz 4to Soyuz 5) |
Yes (Salyut 1) |
No | No |
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration[108] | NASA | 1 Oct 1958 | Yes (Mercury-Redstone 3) |
Yes (Gemini 4, Ed White) |
Yes (Gemini 8toGATV) |
Yes (Skylab) |
Yes (Apollo 8) |
Yes (Apollo 11) |
Country/Countries | Space agency | Expected date of formation | Current status | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Acronym | |||
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African Space Agency | AfSA | 2023 | Proposed in 2015. AU plans to launch the agency by 2019 with a proposed headquarter in Cairo, Egypt. Funded by Egypt. See the stamp issued by Egypt on 19 September 2019.[131][132][133][134][135] |
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Albanian Space Office | ASO | — | Proposed in 2020, at progress stage.[136] |
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Armenian Space Agency | ArmCosmos | — | Proposed in 2013 with the goal to launch satellites. Negotiating with the International Telecommunication Union to clear the path for its prospective launch.[137] |
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Bhutan Space Office | BSO | — | Proposed in 2016, at progress stage.[138] |
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Brunei Aeronautics and Space Agency | BruneiSpace and AngkasaBrunei | — | Proposed in 2018, at progress stage.[139] |
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Cambodian National Bureau of Space | CNBS | — | Proposed in 2016, at progress stage.[140] |
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Croatian Space Agency | CROSA | — | Proposed in 2020, currently operate as NGO Adriatic Aerospace Association (A3), at progress stage.[141][142] |
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Guatemala Space Agency | — | — | Proposed in 2019, at progress stage.[143][144] |
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Honduras Space Agency | AEH | — | Proposed in 2018, at progress stage.[145] |
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Iraqi National Space Agency | IraqSpace | — | Proposed in 2019, at progress stage.[146] |
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Lao Aeronautics and Space Agency | LASA | — | Proposed in 2015, at progress stage.[147] |
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Latin American and Caribbean Space Agency | ALCE | 16 Mar 2022[148] | Announced in 2021, bill stage.[149][150] |
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Latvia Space Office | LSO | — | Proposed in 2020, at progress stage.[151] |
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Malta Space Office | MSO | — | Proposed in 2017, at progress stage.[152] |
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Moldova National Space Office | — | — | Proposed in 2018, at progress stage.[153] |
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Monaco Space Agency | — | — | Proposed in 2020, at progress stage.[154] |
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Myanmar Aeronautics and Space Agency | MyanmarSpace | — | Proposed in 2019, at progress stage.[155][156] |
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Nepal Aeronautics and Space Office | NepalSpace | — | Proposed in 2018, at progress stage.[157] |
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Nicaraguan Space Agency | AEN | — | Announced in 2021, bill stage.[158][159] |
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Oman Space Agency | OSA | — | Proposed in 2020, at progress stage.[160][161] |
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Panama Space Agency | — | — | Proposed in 2014, at progress stage.[162] |
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Serbian Space Office | SerbSpace | — | Proposed in 2016, at progress stage.[163] |
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Slovenian National Bureau of Space | — | — | Proposed in 2019, at progress stage.[164] |
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Sri Lanka Aeronautics and Space Agency | SLASA | — | Proposed in 2009. Immediate goal was to construct and launch two satellites. Sri Lankan Telecommunications Regulatory Commission had signed an agreement with Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd to get the relevant help and resources.[165] |
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Sudan Space Agency | — | — | Proposed in 2017, at progress stage.[166] |
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Uruguayan Space Agency | AEU | 2022 | Announced in 2021, bill stage.[167] |
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Yemen Space Agency | YSA | — | Proposed in 2013, at progress stage.[168] |
The annual budgets listed are the official budgets for national space agencies available in public domain. The budgets are not normalized to the expenses of space research in different countries, i.e. higher budget does not necessarily mean more activity or better performance in space exploration.[169][170] Budget could be used for different projects: e.g. GPS is maintained from the US defence budget,[171] whereas ESA's money is used for developing the European Galileo positioning system.[172] For European contributors to ESA, the national budgets shown include also their contributions to ESA.
Agency (country/region) | Budget (in millions of US $) |
---|---|
NASA (United States) |
|
CNSA (China) |
|
ESA (Europe) |
|
CNES (France) |
|
Roscosmos (Russia) |
|
ISRO (India) |
|
ASI (Italy) |
|
JAXA (Japan) |
|
DLR (Germany) |
|
AEE (Spain) |
|
KARI (South Korea) |
|
UKSA (United Kingdom) |
|
CSA (Canada) |
|
ASA (Algeria) |
|
ISAB (Belgium) |
|
SSO (Switzerland) |
|
NSO (Netherlands) |
|
SNSA (Sweden) |
|
NOSA (Norway) |
|
TUA (Turkey) |
|
SSAU (Ukraine) |
|
ALR (Austria) |
|
LAPAN (Indonesia) |
|
AEB (Brazil) |
|
CONAE (Argentina) |
|
PhilSA (Philippines) |
|
ISA (Israel) |
|
ISA, ISRC and ARI (Iran) |
|
Country/ region |
Agency | Budget (in millions of US $) |
Year | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration | 22,629 | 2020 | [173][174] |
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China National Space Administration | 11,000 | 2018 | [175] |
European Space Agency | 7,430 | 2020 | [176] | |
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National Centre for Space Studies | 3,384 | 2020 | [177] |
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Roscosmos | 1,922 | 2021 | [178] |
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Indian Space Research Organisation | 1,831 | 2022 | [179][180] |
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Italian Space Agency | 1,800 | 2016 | [181] |
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Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency | 1,699 | 2017 | [182] |
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German Aerospace Center | 1,424 | 2021 | [183] |
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Agencia Espacial Española | 700 | 2023 | [184] |
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Korea Aerospace Research Institute | 583 | 2016 | [185] |
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UK Space Agency | 500 | 2017 | [186] |
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Canadian Space Agency | 421 | 2019 | [187] |
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Algerian Space Agency | 360 | 2015 | [188] |
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Interfederal Space Agency of Belgium | 224 | 2018 | [189] |
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Swiss Space Office | 177 | 2019 | [176] |
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Netherlands Space Office | 110 | 2013 | [190] |
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Swedish National Space Agency | 100 | 2011 | [191] |
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Norwegian Space Agency | 97 | 2014 | [192] |
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Turkish Space Agency | 87 | 2023 | [193] |
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State Space Agency of Ukraine | 80 | [194] | |
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Austrian Space Agency | 75 | 2018 | [195] |
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Polish Space Agency | 61.5 | 2019–21 | [196] |
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National Institute of Aeronautics and Space | 55 | 2019 | [197][198] |
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Brazilian Space Agency | 47 | 2018 | [199] |
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Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales | 45 | 2019 | [200] |
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Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission | 45 | 2018–19 | [201][202] |
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Philippine Space Agency | 38 | 2019 | [203] |
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National Space Research and Development Agency | 32.3 | 2019 | [204] |
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Australian Space Agency | 32 | [205][206] | |
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Israel Space Agency | 14.5 | 2019 | [207] |
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South African National Space Agency | 11.8 | 2014–15 | [208] |
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Iranian Space Agency, Iranian Space Research Center and Aerospace Research Institute | 8 | 2019–20 | [209] |
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Mexican Space Agency | 3 | 2021 | [210] |
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All space agencies (Total of listed budgets) | About 60,537 |
The (satellite) program (of the DOST) will now transition into the leadership of the newly established Philippine Space Agency, he added.
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Human spaceflight |
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Spacecraft |
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