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=== Predation === |
=== Predation === |
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The scalloped hammerhead has several advantages to capture its prey. The shape of its head allows it to bury into the seafloor and pin stingrays down. The wide head and special sensory cells allow the scalloped hammerhead to successfully detect fish.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://oceana.org/marine-life/sharks-rays/smooth-hammerhead-shark|title=Smooth Hammerhead Shark|website=Oceana|language=en|access-date=18 February 2020}}</ref> |
The scalloped hammerhead has several advantages to capture its prey. The shape of its head allows it to bury into the seafloor and pin stingrays down. The wide head and special sensory cells allow the scalloped hammerhead to successfully detect fish.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://oceana.org/marine-life/sharks-rays/smooth-hammerhead-shark|title=Smooth Hammerhead Shark|website=Oceana|language=en|access-date=18 February 2020}}</ref> |
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They are not considered to be dangerous to humans, and if they do harm a human it is because they live in estuaries and attack out of surprise.<ref name="sharkinfo.ch"/> --> |
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==Reproduction== |
==Reproduction== |
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The gestation period is reported to be around 12 months.<ref name="link.springer_d">{{cite journal|title=Age, growth and reproductive biology of the silky shark, ''Carcharhinus falciformis'', and the scalloped hammerhead, ''Sphyrna lewini'', from the northwestern Gulf of Mexico |date=1 July 1987 |doi=10.1007/BF00005346 |volume=19 |issue=3 |journal=Environmental Biology of Fishes |pages=161–173|last1=Branstetter |first1=Steven |s2cid=41048341 }}</ref> Scalloped hammerheads give live birth. Compared to other species, the scalloped hammerhead produces large litters (12–41 pups),<ref name="link.springer_d" /> and this is most likely due to high infant mortality. Like most sharks, parental care is not seen.<ref name="onlinelibrary.wiley">{{cite journal |title=Global phylogeography of the scalloped hammerhead shark (''Sphyrna lewini'') |doi=10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.02933.x |pmid=16780437 |volume=15 |issue=8 |journal=Molecular Ecology |pages=2239–2251|year=2006 |last1=Duncan |first1=K. M. |last2=Martin |first2=A. P. |last3=Bowen |first3=B. W. |last4=De Couet |first4=H. G. |s2cid=25219770 }}</ref> Nursery grounds for this species are predictable and repeated over the years, and they are faithful to their natal sites.<ref name="onlinelibrary.wiley" /> Their natal sites still cause high infant mortality; a lack of resources prevents all the young from surviving. As a result, only the fittest grow to maturity. Also, should a population get depleted, it recovers through reproduction and not immigration.<ref name="onlinelibrary.wiley" /> This species does not seem to attack each other even in periods of starvation. In addition, scalloped hammerheads have migratory behaviors. As a result, deprivation results from migration and young growth. While the Taiwan scalloped hammerhead seems to have an earlier maturity rate, it is still reported to be slow to mature.<ref name="scholarspace.manoa.hawaii">{{cite journal |url=http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/1267| last1 = Chen | first1 = CT | last2 = Leu | first2 = TC | last3 = Joung | first3 = SJ | last4 = Lo | first4 = NCH | year = 1990 | title = Age and growth of the scalloped hammerhead, ''Sphyrna lewini'', in northeastern Taiwan waters | journal = [[Pacific Science]] | volume = 44 | issue = 2| pages = 156–170 | hdl = 10125/1267 }}</ref> |
The gestation period is reported to be around 12 months.<ref name="link.springer_d">{{cite journal|title=Age, growth and reproductive biology of the silky shark, ''Carcharhinus falciformis'', and the scalloped hammerhead, ''Sphyrna lewini'', from the northwestern Gulf of Mexico |date=1 July 1987 |doi=10.1007/BF00005346 |volume=19 |issue=3 |journal=Environmental Biology of Fishes |pages=161–173|last1=Branstetter |first1=Steven |s2cid=41048341 }}</ref> Scalloped hammerheads give live birth. Compared to other species, the scalloped hammerhead produces large litters (12–41 pups),<ref name="link.springer_d" /> and this is most likely due to high infant mortality. Like most sharks, parental care is not seen.<ref name="onlinelibrary.wiley">{{cite journal |title=Global phylogeography of the scalloped hammerhead shark (''Sphyrna lewini'') |doi=10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.02933.x |pmid=16780437 |volume=15 |issue=8 |journal=Molecular Ecology |pages=2239–2251|year=2006 |last1=Duncan |first1=K. M. |last2=Martin |first2=A. P. |last3=Bowen |first3=B. W. |last4=De Couet |first4=H. G. |s2cid=25219770 }}</ref> Nursery grounds for this species are predictable and repeated over the years, and they are faithful to their natal sites.<ref name="onlinelibrary.wiley" /> Their natal sites still cause high infant mortality; a lack of resources prevents all the young from surviving. As a result, only the fittest grow to maturity. Also, should a population get depleted, it recovers through reproduction and not immigration.<ref name="onlinelibrary.wiley" /> <!-- A study done in Taiwan scalloped hammerheads reinforce what is said by other researches. Through graphs done on dismembered hammerheads that the length and size have a high correlation to each other. In addition, the weight is indeed not the major factor in this species. --> This species does not seem to attack each other even in periods of starvation. In addition, scalloped hammerheads have migratory behaviors. As a result, deprivation results from migration and young growth. While the Taiwan scalloped hammerhead seems to have an earlier maturity rate, it is still reported to be slow to mature.<ref name="scholarspace.manoa.hawaii">{{cite journal |url=http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/1267| last1 = Chen | first1 = CT | last2 = Leu | first2 = TC | last3 = Joung | first3 = SJ | last4 = Lo | first4 = NCH | year = 1990 | title = Age and growth of the scalloped hammerhead, ''Sphyrna lewini'', in northeastern Taiwan waters | journal = [[Pacific Science]] | volume = 44 | issue = 2| pages = 156–170 | hdl = 10125/1267 }}</ref> |
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==Diet== |
==Diet== |
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