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The scalloped hammerhead was first named ''Zygaena lewini'' and then renamed ''Sphyrna lewini'' by [[Edward Griffith (zoologist)|Edward Griffith]] and [[Charles Hamilton Smith|Hamilton Smith]] in 1834. It has also been named ''Cestracion leeuwenii'' by Day in 1865, ''Zygaena erythraea'' by Klunzinger in 1871, ''Cestracion oceanica'' by Garman in 1913, and ''Sphyrna diplana'' by Springer in 1941. ''Sphyrna'' comes from the Greek and translates to hammer.<ref name="FLMNH">{{cite web |last=Bester |first=Cathleen |title=Greek Translation |url=https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/discover-fish/species-profiles/sphyrna-zygaena/#:~:text=The%20name%20Sphyrna%20translates%20from,is%20still%20in%20use%20today. |publisher=Florida Museum of Natural History}}</ref> |
The scalloped hammerhead was first named ''Zygaena lewini'' and then renamed ''Sphyrna lewini'' by [[Edward Griffith (zoologist)|Edward Griffith]] and [[Charles Hamilton Smith|Hamilton Smith]] in 1834. It has also been named ''Cestracion leeuwenii'' by Day in 1865, ''Zygaena erythraea'' by Klunzinger in 1871, ''Cestracion oceanica'' by Garman in 1913, and ''Sphyrna diplana'' by Springer in 1941. ''Sphyrna'' comes from the Greek and translates to hammer.<ref name="FLMNH">{{cite web |last=Bester |first=Cathleen |title=Greek Translation |url=https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/discover-fish/species-profiles/sphyrna-zygaena/#:~:text=The%20name%20Sphyrna%20translates%20from,is%20still%20in%20use%20today. |publisher=Florida Museum of Natural History}}</ref> |
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It is a sister species to ''[[Sphyrna gilberti]]'', differing by the number of vertebrae.<ref name=Quattro>{{Cite journal | last1 = Quattro | first1 = J. M. | last2 = Driggers | first2 = W. B. I. I. | last3 = Grady | first3 = J. M. | last4 = Ulrich | first4 = G. F. | last5 = Roberts | first5 = M. A. | title = ''Sphyrna gilberti'' sp. Nov., a new hammerhead shark (Carcharhiniformes, Sphyrnidae) from the western Atlantic Ocean | doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.3702.2.5 | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 3702 | issue = 2 | pages = 159–78 | year = 2013 | pmid = 26146715 |
It is a sister species to ''[[Sphyrna gilberti]]'', differing by the number of vertebrae.<ref name=Quattro>{{Cite journal | last1 = Quattro | first1 = J. M. | last2 = Driggers | first2 = W. B. I. I. | last3 = Grady | first3 = J. M. | last4 = Ulrich | first4 = G. F. | last5 = Roberts | first5 = M. A. | title = ''Sphyrna gilberti'' sp. Nov., a new hammerhead shark (Carcharhiniformes, Sphyrnidae) from the western Atlantic Ocean | doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.3702.2.5 | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 3702 | issue = 2 | pages = 159–78 | year = 2013 | pmid = 26146715}}</ref> Though once considered a distinct species, McEachran and Serret synonymized ''Sphyrna couardi'' with ''Sphyrna lewini'' in 1986.<ref>Martin, R. Aidan. (February 24, 1998). [http://www.elasmo-research.org/education/topics/ng_hh_taxonomy.htm Recent Changes in Hammerhead Taxonomy]. ''ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research''. Retrieved on October 18, 2008.</ref> These sharks are classified as ground sharks in the order Carcharhiniformes.<ref name=":2">{{Cite report|last1=Miller |first1=Margaret H.|last2=Carlson|first2=John|last3=Cooper|first3=Peter|last4=Kobayashi|first4=Donald|last5=Nammack|first5=Marta|last6=Wilson|first6=Jackie |date=March 2013 |title=Status Review Report: Scalloped Hammerhead Shark (Sphyrna lewini)|publisher=National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Protected Resources|url=https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/17697/noaa_17697_DS1.pdf|access-date=20 May 2023}}</ref> |
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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Greek: Ά ά Έ έ Ή ή Ί ί Ό ό Ύ ύ Ώ ώ Α α Β β Γ γ Δ δ Ε ε Ζ ζ Η η Θ θ Ι ι Κ κ Λ λ Μ μ Ν ν Ξ ξ Ο ο Π π Ρ ρ Σ σ ς Τ τ Υ υ Φ φ Χ χ Ψ ψ Ω ω {{Polytonic|}}
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